Some aspects of human trafficking in Ukraine. Comparative analysis of combating trafficking in human beings in Ukraine and Poland by activity of governmental and non-governmental organizations

With the expansion of international criminal law, the causation and exercise of mass violence is increasingly criminalized. However, the fields of humanitarian aid and diplomacy generate representations completely different from what criminal law suggests. A comparative analysis of eight countries reveals variable susceptibilities for these competing narratives. The empirical evidence is based on a content analysis of more than 3,000 newspaper articles on violence in Darfur and on interviews with African correspondents and specialists in non-governmental organizations and foreign ministries of the eight countries. The analysis suggests differentiations in argumentation concerning field theory as well as theories of globalization.

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A Scoping Review of Human Trafficking Screening and Response

Trauma Violence & Abuse ◽

10.1177/15248380211057273 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 152483802110572

Author(s):

Rebecca J. Macy ◽

L. B. Klein ◽

Corey A. Shuck ◽

Cynthia Fraga Rizo ◽

Tonya B. Van Deinse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Trafficking ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Service Providers ◽

Work Conditions ◽

Screening Tools ◽

Specific Response ◽

Governmental Organizations ◽

Non Governmental Organizations ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

The U.S

Service providers are increasingly asked to identify individuals who are experiencing trafficking and to connect them with resources and support. Nonetheless, identification is complicated by the reality that those who are experiencing trafficking may rarely self-identify, and providers may fail to identify individuals who are experiencing trafficking due to lack of guidance on how to screen for trafficking capably and sensitively. With the aim of guiding practice, we undertook a scoping review to search for and synthesize trafficking screening tools and response protocols. Following the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR), we located 22 screening tools contained in 26 sources. We included any documents that described or tested human trafficking screening tools, screening or identification protocols, response protocols, or guidelines that were published in any year. All documents were abstracted using a standardized form. Key findings showed that most tools were developed by practice-based and non-governmental organizations located in the U.S. and were administered in the U.S. Few screening tools have been rigorously evaluated. The common types of screening questions and prompts included (a) work conditions; (b) living conditions; (c) physical health; (d) travel, immigration, and movement; (e) appearance and presentation; (f) mental health, trauma, and substance abuse; (g) associations and possessions; and (h) arrests and prior involvement with law enforcement. We were not able to locate specific response protocols that provided step-by-step guidance. Nonetheless, the review revealed available practice-based and research-based evidence to help inform guidance concerning how screening and identification of human trafficking may be administered.

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Trafficking in Human Beings: Made and Cut to Measure? Anti-trafficking Docufictions and the Production of Anti-trafficking Truths

Cultural Sociology ◽

10.1177/1749975518788657 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 540-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Kiril Sharapov ◽

Jonathan Mendel

Keyword(s):

Human Trafficking ◽

Empirical Research ◽

Significant Role ◽

Human Beings ◽

Construction Of Knowledge ◽

Public Debates ◽

Trafficking In Human Beings ◽

Media Imagery ◽

Video Makers ◽

Conceptual Work

This article responds to Gozdziak’s (2015: 30) call to explore how the knowledge that informs public debates about human trafficking is generated. Media imagery and narratives play a significant role in constructing both knowledge and ignorance. This article reflects on the construction of such knowledge by analysing how anti-trafficking docufiction videos from the Unchosen competition dramatize trafficking. We draw on Goffman’s (1974) work on frames to analyse how these videos present a simplified interpretation of reality, where certain constructed aspects of trafficking and exploitation are represented by video-makers as illustrating the general. In doing so, we highlight how anti-trafficking docufictions help efface everyday exploitation. The article contributes both to the empirical research on the construction of knowledge about trafficking, and to critical conceptual work on (anti)trafficking, exploitation and ignorance. It is part of a broader project to challenge exceptionalizing and individualizing representations of human trafficking – aiming to engage better with everyday exploitation.

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New challenges in the problem of combating human trafficking in Ukraine

Revista Amazonia Investiga ◽

10.34069/ai/2021.44.08.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (44) ◽

pp. 28-37

Author(s):

Larysa Danylchuk ◽

Danylo Yosyfovych ◽

Yaroslav Kohut ◽

Yuliia Todortseva ◽

Petro Kozyra

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Analysis ◽

Human Trafficking ◽

Empirical Analysis ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Legal Regulation ◽

Human Beings ◽

New Challenges ◽

Trafficking In Human Beings ◽

Scientific Fields

The article presents the author’s results of theoretical and empirical analyzes of challenges in combating human trafficking in Ukraine. Theoretical analysis showed that human trafficking is an interdisciplinary problem and is represented by a number of studies by scientists in various scientific fields in the domestic and foreign scientific space. It has been established that currently there is no research on new challenges in combating human trafficking in Ukraine. Empirical analysis of new challenges in combating trafficking in human beings in Ukraine was carried out through the implementation of a polygon study and interpretation of the results. The obtained data outline new challenges in the problem of combating human trafficking in Ukraine, such as: use for selfish purposes, forced donation, trade in biological/genetic material, reproductive programs/surrogacy. The results suggest that the new challenges in combating human trafficking in Ukraine are a real platform for transnational crime. It was stated that such circumstances require strengthening of international cooperation in combating transnational human trafficking, legal regulation and improving the domestic legal framework with systematic and full informing of Ukrainian people about consequences and new challenges in combating human trafficking.

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Human Trafficking in Thailand in Perspective of Human Rights Law

Journal of Law and Legal Reform ◽

10.15294/jllr.v2i4.48760 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 505-514

Author(s):

Natalia Sihotang ◽

Channarong Wiriya

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Human Trafficking ◽

Country Of Origin ◽

Transnational Crime ◽

Human Beings ◽

Human Rights Law ◽

Transit Country ◽

Trafficking In Human Beings ◽

International Human ◽

The Government

Trafficking in human beings is increasingly due to the greatest gain of the perpetrators. Human trafficking is a global humanitarian problem. With the involvement of many countries, both as a country of origin, destination and transit country, making this problem more complex. The complexity of the problems is increasing as the neighbors and organized transnational crime networks are organized. Thailand is one of the transit countries, sources, and destinations for international human trafficking. These conditions led to the Government of Thailand began to realize the urgency of the dangers of human trafficking. This problem is increasingly complex because human trafficking is related to child and female prostitution.

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Socio-criminological and legal nature of trafficking in human beings (the slave trade, the slave trade)

E-Journal of Dubna State University. A series of "Science of Man and Society" ◽

10.37005/2687-0231-2020-0-2-24-31 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol - (1) ◽

pp. 24-31

Author(s):

А.V. Serebrennikova ◽

◽

А.V. Staroverov ◽

Keyword(s):

Human Trafficking ◽

Middle Ages ◽

Slave Trade ◽

Modern Human ◽

Human Beings ◽

Trafficking In Persons ◽

Legal Nature ◽

The World ◽

Trafficking In Human Beings ◽

Modern Form

Human trafficking as a social phenomenon originated in the period of antiquity, the greatest spread reached in the early middle ages. Until the mid-19th century in many countries of the world, and in some countries until the mid-20th century, it was carried out quite legally. Modern trafficking in human beings, committed in the form of the purchase and sale of a person, his recruitment, transportation and concealment, is a criminal act, so it is carried out in disguise or completely hidden. Modern human trafficking dates back to ancient forms of the slave trade, which allows it to be defined as a modern form of slavery. Since the object of trafficking is currently a free person, it would be wrong to replace the terms trafficking in persons with slave trade, despite the fact that they are used as equivalent in international legal instruments.

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Human Trafficking – Between Punishable Human Rights Violations and Decriminalization

European Criminal Law Review ◽

10.5771/2193-5505-2020-3-272 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 272-292

Author(s):

Anja Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Human Trafficking ◽

Organized Crime ◽

Empirical Data ◽

Human Beings ◽

Illegal Migration ◽

Trafficking In Human Beings ◽

Definition Of ◽

Human Rights Based Approach ◽

Opposite Tendency

The necessity of combating human trafficking is often justified by the violation of human rights of the victims of human trafficking. Criticism has, however, repeatedly been voiced that the victim-centred, human rights-based approach has not been consistently applied - because, in reality, state interests in effectively combating (organized) crime and securing borders against illegal migration take precedence. An opposite tendency criticizes the criminalization of human traffic on the grounds that human rights are not violated in every case within the definition of human trafficking, and criminalization is inappropriate in such cases. Furthermore, various parties point out that there is little empirical data on trafficking in human beings, and the available data is unreliable. This contribution aims to provide an overview of these issues and argue in favour of a nuanced examination of phenomena covered by the legal definition of human trafficking.

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Protecting Victims of Human Trafficking from Liability: An Evaluation of Section 45 of the Modern Slavery Act

The Journal of Criminal Law ◽

10.1177/0022018319857497 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 83 (5) ◽

pp. 394-405

Author(s):

Julia Muraszkiewicz

Keyword(s):

Human Trafficking ◽

National Level ◽

Regional Level ◽

Human Beings ◽

Council Of Europe ◽

Protective Measures ◽

England And Wales ◽

Modern Slavery ◽

Trafficking In Human Beings ◽

European Regional

The evolution of protective measures offered to victims of human trafficking at a European regional level has begun to have an impact at a national level. In this article, the author explores a provision intended to guard victims of human trafficking, who have been compelled to commit crimes, against prosecution and punishment. The provision under scrutiny is the statutory defence found in s 45 of the Modern Slavery Act, 2015 (England and Wales). The article draws on the obligations spelt out in regional law (the 2005 Council of Europe Convention on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings and Directive 2011/36 on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims) and asks if England and Wales fulfil their duties with respect to protecting trafficked persons from being prosecuted and punished.

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Politics without bureaucrats? Western European NGO campaigns in the state and the market

Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica ◽

10.1017/ipo.2020.18 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Francesca Colli

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Fuzzy Set ◽

Qualitative Comparative Analysis ◽

The State ◽

Structural Factors ◽

Governmental Organizations ◽

Non Governmental Organizations ◽

Western European ◽

The Uk

Abstract Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play an important role in the representation of citizens' interests towards policymakers. However, they increasingly run their campaigns not only against policymakers, but also against corporations. While the choice among strategies has been examined either in the state (targeting policymakers) or in the market (targeting companies), the choice between the two remains unexamined. Moreover, conventional studies of advocacy have failed to comparatively assess how groups combine strategies. This study fills these gaps, examining when NGOs target their campaigns at (a) the market, (b) the state and (c) both. It examines 24 NGO campaigns in the UK and Italy using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. Three main findings emerge. First, structural factors – especially the openness of the market – are most important in determining which target an NGO chooses. Second, campaigns that combine strategies tend to be either market- or state-oriented. Finally, high resources are the factor that pushes NGOs to combine strategies across the market and the state.

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ANTI-HUMAN TRAFFICKING POLICY OF THE EU

Young Scientist ◽

10.32839/2304-5809/2020-10-86-13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (86) ◽

Author(s):

Iryna Klymchuk ◽

Keyword(s):

European Commission ◽

Human Trafficking ◽

Complex Structure ◽

The European Union ◽

Human Beings ◽

Member States ◽

Funding Program ◽

Trafficking In Human Beings ◽

Institutional Mechanism ◽

The Eu

After the mid-1990s, the EU realized the need to develop a common approach to combating human trafficking. As a result of the increased competence of the relevant EU institutions, as well as the increase of stakeholders’ concerns about its internal security and control of external borders began to grow, which gave push to the unprecedented formation, expansion and consolidation of anti-trafficking policy. Accordingly, a number of legislative and policy instruments have been created for this purpose. Important EU anti-trafficking program activities include the EMPACT program (European Multidisciplinary Platform Against Criminal Threats) (2011-2013) and (2013-2017), which consisted of the joint participation of Member States in multidisciplinary operational actions to combat organized crime involved in trafficking in human beings. Also in 2009, the EU developed the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility, as well as a separate document focused on strengthening the EU’s external influence against human trafficking. A more recent EU migration program in 2015 provided Member States with a comprehensive set of tools to manage migration and combat trafficking in human beings. Important tools in the fight against trafficking in human beings in the EU include Directive 2004/81/EU, which regulates the granting of temporary residence permits to third-country nationals who have been trafficked; Directive 2011/36/EU on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims; Directive 2012/29/EU, which set additional minimum standards for the rights, support and protection of trafficking victims. In 2012 a joint EU strategy to eradicate trafficking-related crimes was launched for 2012-2016. An appropriate information platform has also been set up, which contains information on legal documents, initiatives, or possible projects and stakeholders dealing with human trafficking. In addition, a funding program has been established to promote quantitative and qualitative research projects, enhance the exchange of valuable knowledge and improve the quality of data collection. We came to the conclusion that institutional mechanism of the European Union in combating with trafficking in human beings is a system of EU bodies that adopt relevant regulations. This institutional mechanism has a rather complex structure, based on the European Parliament, the European Council, the European Commission, the European Anti-Trafficking Coordinator, the EU Expert Group on Trafficking of Human Beings, Europol, Eurojust, the European Judicial Network. The main component of this structure is the European Commission, which makes decisions and takes initiatives in this area. A characteristic feature of the EU’s anti-trafficking policy is not only to ensure respect for human rights of victims of this crime, but also to create appropriate conditions for its rehabilitation, further socialization and prosecution of perpetrators. In sum, the EU treats human trafficking as one of the global problems of our days and is making considerable efforts to combat it.

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