scholarly journals Investigation of Flame Retardant rPET Foam

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Anna Szabó ◽  
Gábor Dogossy
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Chain Extender ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Structural Foam ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Beverage Containers ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Industrial Use

The use of plastics in the food and the packaging industries continuously is increasing. In these areas of use the product’s life cycle is short, therefore it quickly turns into waste. The polyethylene terephthalate (PET) - the material that is used as beverage containers - are the material with the greatest environmental load. The physical recycling of PET bottles in large quantities was the research goal. During the work with the help of chemical foaming a closed cell structural foam from PET bottle was produced. The research was carried out with upcycling using chain extender and impact modifier additives. For industrial use a bromine-based flame retardant was used and excellent flame retardancy was achieved. Based on the results obtained, the material previously managed as waste, with the appropriate treatment can be involved into the manufacturing of new products.

Hexa-[4-(glycidyloxycarbonyl) phenoxy]cyclotriphosphazene chain extender for preparing high-performance flame retardant polyamide 6 composites

Polymer ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaojun Xu ◽  
Kun Ma ◽  
Dawei Jiang ◽  
Jiaoxia Zhang ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Chain Extender

scholarly journals Novel Oligo-Ester-Ether-Diol Prepared by Waste Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Glycolysis and Its Use in Preparing Thermally Stable and Flame Retardant Polyurethane Foam

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuong N. Hoang ◽  
Chi T. Pham ◽  
Thu M. Dang ◽  
DongQuy Hoang ◽  
Pyoung-Chan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Ul 94 ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Fire Properties

Rigid polyurethane foam (PUF) was successfully prepared from a novel oligo-ester-ether-diol obtained from the glycolysis of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) bottles via reaction with diethylene glycol (DEG) in the presence of ZnSO4 7H2O. The LC-MS analysis of the oligodiol enabled us to identify 67 chemical homologous structures that were composed of zero to four terephthalate (T) ester units and two to twelve monoethylene glycol (M) ether units. The flame retardant, morphological, compression, and thermal properties of rigid PUFs with and without triphenyl phosphate (TPP) were determined. The Tg values showed that TPP played a role of not only being a flame retardant, but also a plasticizer. PUF with a rather low TPP loading had an excellent flame retardancy and high thermal stability. A loading of 10 wt % TPP not only achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating, but also obtained an LOI value of 21%. Meanwhile, the PUF without a flame retardant did not achieve a UL-94 HB rating; the sample completely burned to the holder clamp and yielded a low LOI value (17%). The fire properties measured with the cone calorimeter were also discussed, and the results further proved that the flame retardancy of the PUF with the addition of TPP was improved significantly. The polymeric material meets the demands of density and compression strength for commercial PUF, as well as the needs of environmental development. The current study may help overcome the drawback of intrinsic high flammability and enlarge the fire safety applications of materials with a high percentage of recycled PET.

scholarly journals Spectroscopic study of the morphology development of closed-cell polyurethane foam using bio-based malonic acid as chain extender

Polymer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 122344
Author(s):  
Weiwei Zhao ◽  
Bradford Nolan ◽  
Harry Bermudez ◽  
Shaw Ling Hsu ◽  
Umesh Choudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Study ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Malonic Acid ◽  
Chain Extender ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
Morphology Development

The Study of Groundwater Contamination with Volatile Organic Micropollutants (Trichloroethylene) in Northern Bucharest

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Andrei Niculae ◽  
Gabriela Geanina Vasile ◽  
Corina Ene ◽  
Liliana Valeria Cruceru
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Groundwater ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Environmental Objectives ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Industrial Use

The potential severity of some incidents regarding groundwater contamination within urban areas has recently led to the intensification of national concerns for complex identification and assessment of risks in contaminated areas and of their effects on human and environmental health. Urban groundwater protection in line with environmental objectives directly depends on the implementation of the legal and technical regulations in force in a proactive manner, aiming at the appropriate treatment of pollution situations and the effective management of the related risks. Given the massive industrial use of volatile organic compounds, their accumulation in the environment poses a major threat to the environment and public health, including through water pollution. This paper presents the results of a study on the presence of trichlorethylene (TCE) in groundwater and drinking water in a residential area of Bucharest (Pipera-Tunari area), highlighting TCE contamination found in some cases in concentrations well above the required limit set by Law 458 on Drinking Water Quality. The study analyzes the seasonal variations of TCE contamination, while addressing the effectiveness of applicable depollution solutions. The results of the study provide the most useful information for water quality authorities, and can be regarded as a benchmark for similar analyzes in other urban areas.

Sustainable Construction through Characterization of PET Bricks in Urban Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 1047 ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Jeanmpierre Castro ◽  
Zenner Chávez ◽  
Chaviguri Pool ◽  
Aarón Amarillo ◽  
Mario Chauca
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Beverage Containers

The Plastic especially that used for beverage containers generates large tons of daily waste, currently being the first waste material that accumulates the most in our cities. A problem that increases when one takes into account that it is a material that takes around 500 years to fully degrade. In recent years, the development of ideas in the use and recycling of PET bottles has increased worldwide due to the level of the ecological problem it poses. There are processes that reuse waste beverage containers for the elaboration of construction elements another of its magnificent advantages is the simplicity in its production process. They do not require firing and, unlike the conventional brick manufacturing process that joins cement and sand, for the manufacture of a PET brick the sand is replaced by particles of PET plastic from twenty waste bottles, with which we obtain a much more alternative ecological sustainable,

scholarly journals Novel Biobased Polyol Using Corn Oil for Highly Flame-Retardant Polyurethane Foams

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha Ramanujam ◽  
Camila Zequine ◽  
Sanket Bhoyate ◽  
Brooks Neria ◽  
Pawan Kahol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Ene Reaction ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
Improved Stability ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties

A novel bio-based polyol was synthesized using corn oil and 2-mercaptoethanol via thiol-ene reaction as an alternative to petroleum-based polyol for the synthesis of polyurethane foams. The polyol was analyzed using wet chemical techniques to obtain hydroxyl number and viscosity. Infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography were used to confirm the structural properties of the foams. Flame-retardant polyurethane foams were prepared by the addition of different concentrations of dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) in final foam composition. The effect of DMMP on the thermo-mechanical properties of the polyurethane foams was analyzed. The TGA analysis showed improved stability of the final char with addition of DMMP in the foams. All the foams maintained a well-defined cellular structure and over 95% of closed cell content. The horizontal burning test showed reduced burning time and weight loss from 115 s and 38 wt.% for the neat foams, to 3.5 s and 5.5 wt.% for DMMP-containing foams (1.94 wt.% P). The combustion test using cone calorimeter showed a considerable reduction in heat release rate and total heat release. Thus, our study shows that corn-oil based polyol can be used to produce renewable polyol for industrially producible rigid polyurethane foams. The addition of a small amount of DMMP could result in a significant reduction in the flame-retardant properties of the polyurethane foams.

scholarly journals Expendable Graphite as an Efficient Flame-Retardant for Novel Partial Bio-Based Rigid Polyurethane Foams

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Felipe M. de Souza ◽  
Jonghyun Choi ◽  
Sanket Bhoyate ◽  
Pawan K. Kahol ◽  
Ram K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Ene Reaction ◽  
Flammability Test ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
One Step ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
High Conversion Yield

The rigid polyurethane foam (PU) is a versatile material, used especially for construction and household applications. The current situation demands a facile, cost-efficient, and greener approach for developing the polyurethanes from bio-derived materials. In this study, we present a novel bio-polyol synthesized using carvone, an extract from caraway, spearmint, or dill seeds via facile thiol-ene reaction. Our one-step reaction uses a UV irradiation to allow the room temperature conversion of the carvone to a high purity bio-polyol, as confirmed from the standard analytical characterizations. The hydroxyl number of 365 mg KOH/g close to its theoretical limit confirms the high conversion yield of the polyol for rigid PU synthesis. To overcome the flammability issues in PU, expandable graphite (EG) powder was used as an additive flame-retardant during the synthesis step. The resulting foams with EG maintained the uniform closed cell structure (>95%) with a high compression strength of 175 kPa. The addition of EG in PU results in the formation of a protective char layer during the flammability test and reduces the weight loss from 40.70% to 3.55% and burning time from 87 to 11 s. Our results confirm that the carvone-based polyol can be a novel alternative to the petroleum polyols for an industrial-scale application.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Gas Barrier Thin Film Coatings on PET Bottles in Food and Beverage Applications

Coatings ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 987-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Nakaya ◽  
Akira Uedono ◽  
Atsushi Hotta
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Film Coating ◽  
Gas Barrier ◽  
Thin Film Coatings ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Beverage Containers ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Coating Methods ◽  
Plastic Containers

This article presents a short history and the recent advancement of the development of chemical vapor deposition technologies to form thin film gas barrier coatings on PET bottles and other plastic containers in food and beverage containers. Among different gas barrier enhancement technologies, coating can show unique performance where relatively high gas barrier enhancement is possible to various gas permeants. In this article, technologically common and different points of the current thin film coating methods in this field are summarized. This article also refers to recent market situations and technological challenges in the Japanese market.

Cellular Structure of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Foams Based on LDPE

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Román-Lorza ◽  
M.A. Rodriguez-Perez ◽  
J.A. De Saja Sáez
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Fire Retardancy ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Closed Cell ◽  
Low Weight ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Halogen Free ◽  
New Applications

Composites of LDPE/ATH (up to 70 wt.%) were foamed to create new materials with good fire retardancy properties and low weight, proving the feasibility of developing cellular structures when high levels of inorganic fillers are included. An experimental study was carried out to explore the effects of chemical composition on cellular structure as well as the effect of structure on their thermal, mechanical and combustion properties. Samples fabrication was carried out using an improved compression moulding route consisting of polymer compounding, precursor preparation and foaming under pressure. The polymer matrix consisted of low density polyethylene as well as certain amount of LLDPE-g-MAH as compatibilizer agent. The inorganic filler used was aluminium trihydroxide (ATH) ranging from 0 wt.% to 70 wt.%. Furthermore, azodicarbonamide (ADC) was used as chemical blowing agent. Foamed samples with cell sizes below 100 microns were produced. These samples showed similar fire retardancy than their solid precursors. The compatibilization was proved indispensable to achieve a good adhesion between mineral filler and polymer and to improve the cellular structure. The increase of the amount of filler has an interesting effect on the cellular structure, going from a closed-cell (at low contents) to an open-cell (at higher contents) cellular structure. As a result of this investigation, halogen-free flame retardant cellular materials were processed, leading to a notable reduction of material compared to the solid one and to new properties which can result in new applications.

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