scholarly journals STUDENTS’ ABILITY TO WORK WITH GRAPHS IN PHYSICS STUDIES RELATED TO THREE TYPICAL STUDENT GROUPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Skrabankova ◽  
Stanislav Popelka ◽  
Marketa Beitlova
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Gifted Children ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mathematical Functions ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Graph Reading

Graphs are often used to represent mathematical functions, to illustrate data from social and natural sciences, or to specify scientific theories. With increasing emphasis on the development of scientific research skills, the work with graphs and data interpretation are gaining in importance. The research involved an eye-tracking experiment conducted to evaluate student work with graphs in physics. Eye-movement data were recorded using the GazePoint eye-tracker. A total of 40 third-year grammar school students participated in the research. These students were allocated into three groups by a physics teacher. These groups were called PLUS, AVERAGE and MINUS. The PLUS group showed excellent results in education and included gifted physics students. The MINUS group was composed of the opposite end of this cognitive spectrum, whose members made the most mistakes in graph reading. The aim of the experiment was to find the differences between students allocated to these three groups and to evaluate whether the allocation based on the teacher’s experience, long-term observations and the students’ previous achievements was sufficient. The results showed that students from all three groups had problems with reading graphs in physics. According to the eye-movement data, several students who had been incorrectly assigned to groups were identified. Keywords: education in physics, gifted children, graph, eye-tracking, experimental study.

scholarly journals A Fast and Effective System for Analysis of Optokinetic Waveforms with a Low-Cost Eye Tracking Device

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Chong-Bin Tsai ◽  
Wei-Yu Hung ◽  
Wei-Yen Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is an involuntary eye movement induced by motion of a large proportion of the visual field. It consists of a “slow phase (SP)” with eye movements in the same direction as the movement of the pattern and a “fast phase (FP)” with saccadic eye movements in the opposite direction. Study of OKN can reveal valuable information in ophthalmology, neurology and psychology. However, the current commercially available high-resolution and research-grade eye tracker is usually expensive. Methods & Results: We developed a novel fast and effective system combined with a low-cost eye tracking device to accurately quantitatively measure OKN eye movement. Conclusions: The experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves fast and promising results in comparisons with several traditional approaches.

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis on Color Preference and Visual Comfort from Eye Tracking Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ming-Chung Ho ◽  
Jhih-Ming Chen ◽  
Ray-Ying Huang ◽  
Ming-Hsun Shen ◽  
Ming-Chi Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Color Preference ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Color Assignment

Color preferences in engineering are very important, and there exists relationship between color preference and visual comfort. In this study, there are thirty university students who participated in the experiment, supplemented by pre- and posttest questionnaires, which lasted about an hour. The main purpose of this study is to explore the visual effects of different color assignment with subjective color preferences via eye tracking technology. Eye-movement data through a nonlinear analysis detect slight differences in color preferences and visual comfort, suggesting effective physiological indicators as extensive future research discussed. Results found that the average pupil size of eye-movement indicators can effectively reflect the differences of color preferences and visual comfort. This study more confirmed that the subjective feeling will make people have misjudgment.

scholarly journals Automated Filtering of Eye Movements Using Dynamic AOI in Multiple Granularity Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Gavindya Jayawardena ◽  
Sampath Jayarathna
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Bounding Boxes ◽  
Multiple Granularity ◽  
Instance Segmentation ◽  
Segmentation Models

Eye-tracking experiments involve areas of interest (AOIs) for the analysis of eye gaze data. While there are tools to delineate AOIs to extract eye movement data, they may require users to manually draw boundaries of AOIs on eye tracking stimuli or use markers to define AOIs. This paper introduces two novel techniques to dynamically filter eye movement data from AOIs for the analysis of eye metrics from multiple levels of granularity. The authors incorporate pre-trained object detectors and object instance segmentation models for offline detection of dynamic AOIs in video streams. This research presents the implementation and evaluation of object detectors and object instance segmentation models to find the best model to be integrated in a real-time eye movement analysis pipeline. The authors filter gaze data that falls within the polygonal boundaries of detected dynamic AOIs and apply object detector to find bounding-boxes in a public dataset. The results indicate that the dynamic AOIs generated by object detectors capture 60% of eye movements & object instance segmentation models capture 30% of eye movements.

Modern Furniture Color Image Based on Eye Tracking

2012 ◽  
Vol 157-158 ◽  
pp. 410-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Feng Xu ◽  
Han Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Human Vision System ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Color Features ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between modern furniture color image and eye tracking has been of interest to academics and practitioners for many years. We propose and develop a new view and method exploring these connections, utilizing data from a survey of 31 testees’ eye tracking observed value. Using Tobii X120 eye tracker to analyze eye movement to furniture samples in different hue and tones colors, we highlight the relative importance of the effect of furniture color on human vision system and show that the connections between furniture color features with color image.

Observing Individuals Viewing Art

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-213
Author(s):  
Andreja Bubić ◽  
Ana Sušac ◽  
Marijan Palmović
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
General Preference

Understanding the mechanisms underlying the perception of artworks is of significant interest in experimental esthetics. Therefore, in this study, we utilized eye-tracking for investigating how participants familiar and unfamiliar with paintings’ titles viewed Kandinsky’s abstract and figural artworks. The analysis of behavioral data indicated that knowledge of the title increased participants’ liking of the presented paintings and demonstrated a general preference for figural over abstract paintings. Next, we focused the analysis of eye-movement data on areas of the paintings that depict themes associated with their titles. The results demonstrated that participants familiar with the titles viewed these longer and visited them earlier compared with those unfamiliar with paintings’ titles. Furthermore, all participants viewed these areas within figural paintings longer and returned to them more often than within abstract paintings. These findings extend previous results by indicating how presenting short titles influences participants’ viewing of abstract and figural artworks.

Verbal and Spatial Loading Effects on Eye Movements in Driving Simulators: A Comparison to Real World Driving

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (26) ◽  
pp. 2174-2178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim R. Hammel ◽  
Donald L. Fisher ◽  
Anuj K. Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Real World ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Driving Simulators ◽  
The Real ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Loading Effects ◽  
Functional Field Of View

Driving simulators and eye tracking technology are increasingly being used to evaluate advanced telematics. Many such evaluations are easily generalizable only if drivers' scanning in the virtual environment is similar to their scanning behavior in real world environments. In this study we developed a virtual driving environment designed to replicate the environmental conditions of a previous, real world experiment (Recarte & Nunes, 2000). Our motive was to compare the data collected under three different cognitive loading conditions in an advanced, fixed-base driving simulator with that collected in the real world. In the study that we report, a head mounted eye tracker recorded eye movement data while participants drove the virtual highway in half-mile segments. There were three loading conditions: no loading, verbal loading and spatial loading. Each of the 24 subjects drove in all three conditions. We found that the patterns that characterized eye movement data collected in the simulator were virtually identical to those that characterized eye movement data collected in the real world. In particular, the number of speedometer checks and the functional field of view significantly decreased in the verbal conditions, with even greater effects for the spatial loading conditions.

scholarly journals Eye on Music Reading: A Methodological Review of Studies from 1994 to 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjaana Puurtinen
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
New Work ◽  
Music Reading ◽  
Methodological Review ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Methodological Aspects

In this review, we focus on the methodological aspects of eye-tracking research in the domain of music, published and/or available between 1994 and 2017, and we identify potentially fruitful next steps to increase coherence and systematicity within this emerging field. We review and discuss choices of musical stimuli, the conditions under which these were performed (i.e. control of performance tempo and music-reading protocols), performer’s level of musical expertise, and handling of performance errors and eye-movement data. We propose that despite a lack of methodological coherence in research to date, careful reflection on earlier methodological choices can help in formulating future research questions and in positioning new work. These steps would represent progress towards a cumulative research tradition, where joint understanding is built by systematic and consistent use of stimuli, research settings and methods of analysis.

scholarly journals Eye-movements can help disentangle mechanisms underlying disfluency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurélie Pistono ◽  
Robert Hartsuiker
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Lexical Selection ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Speech Encoding ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Multivariate Pattern

To reveal the underlying cause of disfluency, several authors related the pattern of disfluencies to difficulties at specific levels of production, using a Network Task. However, disfluencies are arguably multifactorial. To disentangle disfluency related to word preparation from other factors, we combined this task with eye-tracking. We manipulated lexical and grammatical selection difficulty. In Experiment 1, lines connecting the pictures varied in length. Experiment 2 only used short lines. In both experiments, lexical selection difficulty promoted self- corrections and pauses and longer viewing times. Multivariate pattern analyses (MVPA) demonstrated that lexical selection difficulty is predictable from disfluency and eye-movement data patterns. In Experiment 1, participants spent less time gazing at pictures preceded by long lines, while producing more pauses. This suggests they used a strategy to inspect other areas than the upcoming picture. We conclude that eye-tracking is informative about mechanisms underlying disfluency related to speech encoding, self-monitoring, and stalling strategies.

scholarly journals The Fusion of Eye Movement and Piezoelectric Sensing Technology Assists Ceramic Art Process Optimization and Mechanical Characterization

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Li ◽  
Yanglin Zhou ◽  
Yanling He
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Ceramic Product ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Product Modeling ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Data Support ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Product Industry

Ceramic product shape evaluation is an important part of product development, an important method to optimize product shape design, and is of great significance to reasonably locate users’ consumption psychology and promote the development of ceramic product industry. In this paper, we propose an eye-tracking-based evaluation method for ceramic products from the user’s point of view, in view of the fact that there are few studies on ceramic product shape evaluation, and it is mainly led by designers and enterprise leaders subjectively, with low user participation and lack of objective evaluation means and objective data support. In this paper, through the implementation of eye-movement experiments, we obtain and analyze the eye-movement data related to the semantic perception evaluation of product modeling and the overall evaluation of modeling, establish the mapping relationship between user evaluation and eye-movement data, and provide objective data support for modeling evaluation. This paper provides an objective data support for the styling evaluation. This paper provides new ideas for the ceramic product modeling evaluation method, which helps to promote the development of ceramic product industry, improve the brand recognition of enterprises, and help the marketing personnel to make reasonable marketing planning plans. For the semantic perceptual evaluation of ceramic product styling based on eye-tracking, the effectiveness of product styling design concept communication is evaluated. Ceramic products are constantly changing and developing, with new shapes appearing and old shapes being eliminated. Continual innovation and development of ceramics based on inherited traditions can give them a new look and color under the existing modeling style. Compared with other categories, although ceramic modeling has relatively abstract formal characteristics, but it is the extension of the modeling, still has obvious morphological characteristics, and the impact on people’s aesthetic mood.

scholarly journals Student’s Reading of Thematic Maps from Czech School World Atlas – an Eye-tracking Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Marketa Beitlova ◽  
Stanislav Popelka ◽  
Vit Vozenilek
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
School Students ◽  
Trial Duration ◽  
Cartographic Visualization ◽  
The One

Abstract. According to the cartographic communication models, the map is intended as a product which helps people to understand the world. Usually, the first systematic cartographic product which pupils and students met in their lives is a school world atlas. In the Czech Republic, these atlases are used in almost every geography lesson. Thus, school atlases should be understandable, well-arranged, intelligible and easy to use by students. However, almost no empirical studies focused on this type of product exist.This presentation summarizes the results of the experiment, where the task was to find some object on the thematic map. The research aimed on two main issues: if the students are able to read thematic maps from school world atlas (Q1) and if the used cartographic visualization methods are properly selected (Q2).For finding answers to these research questions, the eye-tracking study conducted on 30 grammar school students was performed. This study contained ten tasks on the thematic world maps from the Czech school world atlas. Depending on the type of information displayed, visualization method and legend style, the tasks were formulated for each map. Eyemovement data were recorded using low-cost GazePoint eye-tracker with sampling frequency of 60 Hz. The first research question – if students can work with the thematic maps from school world atlas – was analysed using the correctness of answers and Trial Duration – the metric that shows how much time respondents needed to find the answer. For answering the second research question – if the cartographic methods used in the atlas are understandable –qualitative data visualization methods were used.At the beginning of the recorded data analysis, the correctness of answers and trial duration was ïnvestigated. These results helped us to find out, how the students were able to read the maps, if their answers were correct and how much time they needed for task solving. The results showed that generally, the students could read thematic maps (Q1). The most problematic task was the one where students had to estimate the pie-chart value according to the logarithmic scale.In the next step, the behaviour of students while solving each task was qualitatively described and problematic cartographic visualization methods were identified (Q2). For example, in some cases, used symbols were difficult to distinguish. The most serious problems were in the task, where students had to estimate the value of the bar chart. The scale of the legend was designed so that one millimetre of the bar corresponds to 50 million USD of export volume. This cartographic method was hard to understand for the students.The conducted eye-tracking study pointed out to maps where the cartographic methods were misused and caused problems to the students. The results might help the cartographers and map publishers who can modify the maps to be more understandable for the readers.

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