scholarly journals Improving the accuracy of predicting the hazard of the earth’s surface failure formation during underground mining of mineral deposits

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Botakoz Imansakipova ◽  
Shynar Aitkazinova ◽  
Auzhan Sakabekov ◽  
Gulim Shakiyeva ◽  
Meruyert Imansakipova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Triaxial Compression ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Unstable State ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Ranking Criteria ◽  
Relative Change

Purpose. Development of a new approach to improving the accuracy of predicting situations in which the earth’s surface failures occur as a result of undermining a rock mass during the development of mineral deposits. Methods. The critical situations, including the earth’s surface failures, are predicted on the basis of assessing the value of geoenergy and studying its change as large volumes of rock mass are involved in mining. Analytical solutions based on the fundamental laws of physics and mechanics of continuous media are used. The research is performed using methods of cause-and-effect analysis. Findings. Based on the cause-effect relationship, determined between the change in the value of the mass geoenergy and deformation processes on the daylight surface of the field, an effective method has been developed for ranking it according to the degree of hazard of failure formation with the simultaneous use of two criteria. One of the criteria is determined by the relative change in geoenergy during the system transition from the initial (stable) state to the current one, which becomes unstable under certain conditions. The second criterion is formed on the basis of the change in geoenergy during the transition from the current (possibly unstable) state to the final (stable) state. Originality. For the first time, when zoning the daylight surface of a field according to the degree of hazard of failure formation, two ranking criteria are used simultaneously, based on the assessment of geoenergy accumulated in a heterogeneous mass, when it is undermined in the conditions of triaxial compression. Practical implications. The territory ranking method, developed on the basis of the used criteria for hazard of failure formation, allows improving the quality of situational control, predicting risk situations and their development, as well as optimizing the short-term and long-term plans for the development of mining operations.

Irkutsk school of mining engineers is celebrating 90th anniversary

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-368
Author(s):  
B. L. Talgamer
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Gold Deposits ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Mining Institute ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Research And Design

It is in 1930 that the training of mining engineers began in Eastern Siberia on the basis of the Siberian Mining Institute (now Irkutsk National Research Technical University). In 1931 the Department of Mining Arts was organized, which later was named the Department of Mineral Deposits Development. Over the years, the Department has trained more than 7000 graduates – mining engineers, who made a huge contribution in the development of the mining industry in the Irkutsk region and neighboring territories including Mongolia. The Department has trained more than a hundred mining engineers and Masters of science for Mongolia; assisted the lecturers and professors of the Mongolian Polytechnic University (now Mongolian University of Science and Technology) in organizing the educational process for training specialists for the country's mining industry. At its different formation stages the Department of Mineral Deposits Development was headed by well-known scientists – mining engineers, who created three scientific schools for the development of coal, placer and gold deposits; the obtained scientific results were marked with two State awards of the Russian Federation, dozens of doctoral and candidate dissertations were defended and about 100 patents were received. Today, the Department super- vises the training of mining engineers in open-pit and underground mining of mineral deposits, carries out a large amount of research and design work on the orders from mining enterprises, trains academic staff, develops new technologies and technical solutions in order to improve mining operations. The Department is deeply involved in the cooperation with mining enterprises, research and design organizations, as well as with universities that train mining engineers.

scholarly journals Management of geomechanical processes - the basis for selecting the optimal technologies for the development of mineral deposits

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Anatolii Kozyrev ◽  
Iuliia Fedotova ◽  
Eduard Kasparyan
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Stress State ◽  
Rock Massif ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mining Technology ◽  
Geomechanical Monitoring ◽  
Gas Dynamic ◽  
Natural Stress ◽  
Mining Methods

When carrying out mining operations, a rock massif responds to technological impacts in the form of developing strains and fractures. Under certain conditions, this response occurs as dynamic and gas dynamic destructions of rocks with intensive release of energy, which creates threats to security and disrupts a working technology. To substantiate the optimal mining technology, which would be maximum adequate to the specific geological and geomechanical conditions of a deposit development, it is necessary to organize a comprehensive monitoring of geomechanical processes in rock massifs. The paper considers general principles to organize the geomechanical monitoring under conditions of the hierarchically-blocked rock massifs in the gravitational-tectonic field of the natural stress state. The authors give main recommendations for managing geomechanical processes in the rock mass for various mining methods.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Permeability of Weakly Cemented Rock under Different Stress States in Triaxial Compression Tests

Geofluids ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gangwei Fan ◽  
Mingwei Chen ◽  
Dongsheng Zhang ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Shizhong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Underground Mining ◽  
Axial Strain ◽  
Triaxial Compression ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Initial Permeability ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Stress States

Mudstone and shaly coarse sandstone samples of Jurassic units in northwestern China were collected to study the seepage mechanism of weakly cemented rock affected by underground mining operations. Samples were studied using seepage experiments under triaxial compression considering two processes: complete stress-strain and postpeak loading and unloading. The results show that permeability variations closely correspond to deviatoric stress-axial strain during the process of complete stress-strain. The initial permeability is 7 times its minimum, contrasting with lesser differentials of initial, peak, and residual permeability. The magnitude of permeability ranges from 10−17 to 10−19 m2, representing a stable water-resisting property, and is 1 to 2 orders lower in mudstone than that in shaly coarse sandstone, indicating that the water-resisting property of the mudstone is much better than that of the shaly coarse sandstone. Permeability is negatively correlated with the confining pressure. In response to this pressure, the permeability change in mudstone is faster than that in shaly coarse sandstone during the process of postpeak loading and unloading. Weakly cemented rock has lower permeability according to the comparison with congeneric ordinary rocks. This distinction is more remarkable in terms of the initial permeability. Analyses based on scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations and mineral composition indicate that the samples are rich in clay minerals such as montmorillonite and kaolin, whose inherent properties of hydroexpansiveness and hydrosliming can be considered the dominant factors contributing to the seepage properties of weakly cemented rock with low permeability.

scholarly journals MONITORING OF THE UNDERMINED TERRITORIES OF KARAGANDA COAL BASIN ON THE BASIS OF SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY

2016 ◽  
Vol III-6 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
S. B. Ozhigina ◽  
D. V. Mozer ◽  
D. S Ozhigin ◽  
S. G. Ozhigin ◽  
O. G. Bessimbayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Radar Interferometry ◽  
Coal Basin ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
Karaganda Coal

In the Karaganda coal basin, mines are located in close proximity to each other and to the city of Karaganda and ongoing mining operations are accompanied by a dangerous process of settling the earth's surface and monitoring are essential for the region's econ-omy. Underground mining leads to the formation of voids in the rock mass, which cause displacement of the earth surface. This paper demonstrates an innovative use of the integrated approach for monitoring on the example of Karaganda coal basin, which includes estimation of the rock mass displacement using leveling profile lines and satellite radar interferometry. It is proved that satellite radar interferometry provides reliable results of surface subsidence measurements in mining areas and can be used for con-sidered sort of monitoring.

scholarly journals Methodology of modeling nonlinear geomechanical processes in blocky and layered rock masses on models made of equivalent materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 542-552
Author(s):  
Boris Zuev
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Similarity Criterion ◽  
Nonlinear Problems ◽  
Rock Masses ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Nonlinear Geomechanical Processes

The research purpose is to develop a methodology that increases the reliability of reproduction and research on models made of equivalent materials of complex nonlinear processes of deformation and destruction of structured rock masses under the influence of underground mining operations to provide a more accurate prediction of the occurrence of dangerous phenomena and assessment of their consequences. New approaches to similarity criterion based on the fundamental laws of thermodynamics; new types of equivalent materials that meet these criteria; systems for the formation of various initial and boundary conditions regulated by specially developed computer programs; new technical means for more reliable determination of stresses in models; new methods for solving inverse geomechanical problems in the absence of the necessary initial field data have been developed. Using the developed methodology, a number of complex nonlinear problems have been solved related to estimates of the oscillatory nature of changes in the bearing pressure during dynamic roof collapse processes; ranges of changes in the frequency of processes during deformation and destruction of rock mass elements, ranges of changes in their accelerations; parameters of shifts with a violation of the continuity of the rock mass under the influence of mining: secant cracks, delaminations, gaping voids, accounting for which is necessary to assess the danger of the formation of continuous water supply canals in the water-protection layer.

scholarly journals Simulation Possibilites of the Post-Mining Goafs Impact on the Deformations Induced by Next Underground Mining Operations with Use of the Cellular Automata Method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sikora Paweł
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Upper Silesian Coal Basin ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

Abstract Underground mining operations in the area of a rock mass affected by previous exploitation may cause additional deformations to appear on the surface. The size of these deformations can be significant, and their character is often non-linear. The nature of these deformations cannot be justified solely by the impact of current mining operations. At the same time, the predictive method of S. Knothe, widely used in Poland, does not explicitly include these types of phenomena. In the area of intensive and long-term mining exploitation, such as the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, the practical possibility of simulating this occurrence may be helpful in the planning of new mining exploitation under construction objects. Today we are usually limited to numerical modelling methods like finite difference method (FDM). This one base on the principle of mechanical similarity. The theoretical usefulness of method (and its similar) has already been proven many times. The main impediment to its practical application is the lack of recognition of the rock mass in terms of its mechanical properties. The presented method is a new approach to the possibility of modelling the subject phenomenon. The method has not been used in practical forecasting mining area deformation caused by underground deposits mining. It’s characterized by a huge potential for further development.

scholarly journals DESIGN OF DRILLING AND EXPLOSION WORKS IN UNDERGROUND MINING USING IN MICROMINE GGIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Andrei A. Basargin ◽  
Viktor S. Pisarev
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Geological Exploration ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Well Placement ◽  
Rational Distribution ◽  
Special Software

In the modern world, an increasing number of enterprises involved in geological exploration and exploration use special software and information systems in their work. The use of such systems can significantly accelerate the processing and analysis of information. They make it possible to automate the processing and interpretation of geological exploration data, as well as use them to model deposits and design underground drilling and blasting operations. GGIS Micromine will automate the design of drilling and blasting operations while ensuring well placement taking into account the block geometry and rock properties, and a rational distribution of borehole charges for the most efficient crushing of rock mass. In conditions of high intensity of mining operations at the MGIS quarries, Micromine ensures the efficiency and multivariance of design decisions when performing blasting.

scholarly journals Geotechnical Risk Classification for Underground Mines / Klasyfikacja Poziomu Zagrożenia Geotechnicznego W Kopalniach Podziemnych

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Ritesh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Mikael Rinne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Mining Operation ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Mine Planning ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Prediction And Prevention ◽  
Geotechnical Risk

Abstract Underground mining activities are prone to major hazards largely owing to geotechnical reasons. Mining combined with the confined working space and uncertain geotechnical data leads to hazards having the potential of catastrophic consequences. These incidents have the potential of causing multiple fatalities and large financial damages. Use of formal risk assessment in the past has demonstrated an important role in the prediction and prevention of accidents in risk prone industries such as petroleum, nuclear and aviation. This paper proposes a classification system for underground mining operations based on their geotechnical risk levels. The classification is done based on the type of mining method employed and the rock mass in which it is carried out. Mining methods have been classified in groups which offer similar geotechnical risk. The rock mass classification has been proposed based on bulk rock mass properties which are collected as part of the routine mine planning. This classification has been subdivided for various stages of mine planning to suit the extent of available data. Alpha-numeric coding has been proposed to identify a mining operation based on the competency of rock and risk of geotechnical failures. This alpha numeric coding has been further extended to identify mining activity under ‘Geotechnical Hazard Potential (GHP)’. GHP has been proposed to be used as a preliminary tool of risk assessment and risk ranking for a mining activity. The aim of such classification is to be used as a guideline for the justification of a formal geotechnical risk assessment.

New approaches to the assessment of stability of rock rock arrays

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
A. V. Zubkov ◽  
S. V. Sentyabov
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
State Standards ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Compressive Stresses ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Definition Of

When summarizing the results obtained on the stability of rock masses a discrepancy was found between the parameters of the strength properties of rock formations, determined according to existing methods and state standards, to their values under natural conditions. As a result of the studies, the degree of geomechanical knowledge of the rock mass of the Gaisky underground mine is significantly increased. Based on the numerical simulation of the stress-strain state of the ore and rock mass, the rationale for the optimal mining of reserves at a depth of -830 / -1390 m was substantiated. The main compressive stresses of the Gaisky deposit act in the sub-latitudinal direction along the axis of the chambers, creating stresses exceeding 100 MPa on their outcrops. If the compressive strength of the massif is up to 100 MPa, found by known methods, ore masses of the third stage (pillars) below the -910 m horizon should be destroyed. In assessing the stability of pillars (chamber walls) in the last 3 years, in some cases, disagreement arose. The calculated stresses exceed the maximum allowable ones, but the pillars (chamber walls) remain stable. It justifies the correction of the obtained values of the ultimate strength of rocks with correction factors and the introduction of the definition of reduced strength (227 MPa), in which the roof, walls of the chambers and pillars are in a stable state. As a result of the study, the obtained values of the stress state of the rock mass and its strength characteristics more realistically reflect the predicted destruction or stability of the rock mass at the mine. The performed studies contribute to a more justified adjustment of mining technology parameters while ensuring the safety of mining operations.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Linear Discontinuous Deformations in Upper Silesia (Poland) in Conditions of Intensive Mining Extraction—Case Study

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1897
Author(s):  
Piotr Strzałkowski ◽  
Katarzyna Szafulera
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Tectonic Structure ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Tectonic Faults ◽  
Mining Conditions ◽  
The Subject

Currently, linear discontinuous deformations in mining areas are an important issue, both due to the frequency of their occurrence and the threat they pose to general safety. This paper presents a case study of an occurrence of such a deformation. The analyses of the geological and mining conditions, as well as the conducted calculations presented herein, indicate that the cause of the deformation was the occurrence of high-value horizontal tensile strains. It was triggered by mining exploitation carried out with caving in three seams at depths between 200 and 545 m. An additional factor conductive to the creation of the deformation was the tectonic structure of the rock mass. The subject matter of the paper is significant given the growing number of discontinuous linear deformations occurring on the surface due to underground mining—even if the mining was conducted at great depths. They were formed as a result of intensive underground mining operations and the occurrence of high-value deformations. These deformations were particularly dangerous to building structures on the surface, which were often damaged. For this reason, it was worthwhile to make arrangements regarding the correlation between the occurrence of the deformations and the values and the distribution of continuous deformations caused by underground extraction, as well as the existence of tectonic faults.

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