scholarly journals Physical and microbial qualities of raw milk collected from Bangladesh Agricultural University dairy farm and the surrounding villages

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
MTG Khan ◽  
MA Zinnah ◽  
MP Siddique ◽  
MHA Rashid ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Milk Samples

The present study was undertaken with the aim of investigating the physical parameters (e.g. organoleptic and specific gravity of raw milk) and also to study the microbiological quality of raw milk (total viable count, Coliform count and Staphylococcal count) from different villages and Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Dairy Farm of Mymensingh District of Bangladesh, during the period from July to November 2007. A total number of 100 raw milk samples were collected at morning and evening from BAU dairy farm and surrounding four villages of BAU campus. The organoleptic and bacteriological qualities of each sample were analyzed. The organoleptic examination included taste panel score to assess consumer's acceptance and the bacteriological analysis comprised enumeration of total viable count (TVC), total colifrom count (TCC) and total staphylococcal count (TSC) for the determination of sanitary quality. The organoleptic quality of the milk samples is more or less same except the Churkhai milk samples which had flat taste (in 16% milk sample). The average values of TVC/ml were log 5.920, 5.934, 6.007, 6.075 and 6.127 for BAU Dairy Farm, Boira, Shutiakhali, Churkahai and Paglabazar respectively; coliform count were log 2.501, 2.522, 2.550, 2.620 and 2.619 respectively; staphylococcal count were log 2.832, 2.812, 2.866, 2.931 and 2.988 respectively. So, it may be concluded that the raw milk samples of BAU Dairy Farm were superior to others collected from the selected villages which may be due to maintaining better hygienic condition. Key words: Raw milk, physical and microbial quality   doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v6i2.2339 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (2): 217-221

scholarly journals Microbiological Quality and Adulteration of Pasteurized and Raw Milk Marketed in Dharan, Nepal

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Dhiren Subba Limbu ◽  
Kamana Bantawa ◽  
Dil Kumar Limbu ◽  
Mandira Devkota ◽  
Monika Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
Routine Monitoring

 This study was aimed to evaluate the quality of raw and pasteurized milk marketed in Dharan. Milk may be contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms and a mixture of several adulterants and such milk pose a risk to consumers. The study was carried out from September 2019 to January 2020. Collected samples were tested for adulterants (starch, formalin, neutralizer and table sugar) as well as microbial quality (Total Coliform count, Total Viable Count, Thermoduric Count, Escherichia. coli and Staphylococcus aureus) as per standard guideline. The adulterants starch, formalin and neutralizer were not detected in both raw and pasteurized milk. However, table sugar was present in 45% (9 out of 20) raw milk and 90% (18 out of 20) pasteurized milk. The average Total Viable Count, Total Coliform Count and Thermoduric Count of raw milk were, 59×105 CFU/ml, 14×104 CFU/ml and 5×103 CFU/ml respectively. Similarly, the average Total Viable Count, Total Coliform Count and Thermoduric Count of pasteurized milk were found to be 15×104 CFU/ml, 14×103CFU/ml and 4×103 CFU/ml respectively. E. coli was detected in 30% pasteurized milk whereas S. aureus was isolated from only 20%. Likewise, E.coli and S. aureus were found in 55% and 45% of raw milk respectively. The results of the study indicated that routine monitoring of dairy industries and raw milk vendors, awareness campaign and good hygienic practice should be promoted to upgrade the quality of raw and pasteurized milk.

scholarly journals Quality of ultra-high temperature treated milk available in Gazipur and Mymensingh of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-136
Author(s):  
MY Arafat ◽  
R Habib ◽  
MSR Siddiki ◽  
MF Imam
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Uht Milk ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Ultra High Temperature

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the quality of existing ultra-high temperature (UHT) treated milk available in two selected town markets of Bangladesh. A total of 27 UHT milk samples from three different brands–Pran Dairy (A), Aarong Dairy (B) and Farm Fresh (C) were collected from local markets at Mymensingh and Gazipur districts during the period of 1stSeptember to 29th November, 2014. Parameters studied in this experiment were organoleptic (flavour, consistency, colour and appearance), physic-chemical (specific gravity, acidity, total solids, solids-not-fat, fat, protein, lactose, and ash) and microbiological (Total Viable Count and Coliform Count). All the samples were similar in respect of color, flavor, taste and texture, and no significant difference was observed. However, significant differences were revealed (p<0.05) in case of specific gravity, acidity, total solids, solids-not-fat, and protein content. On the other hand, insignificant differences were found (p>0.05) in case of fat, lactose, and ash content. Total Viable Count and Coliform count were found to be nil in all the milk samples. Milk samples of Farm Fresh UHT milk were superior to other brands of UHT Milk in terms of contents of total solids (119.23±0.57 g/kg),fat (34.97±0.35g/kg), lactose (43.23±0.51g/kg), and ash (7.00±0.26g/kg). Though there were some fluctuations in all the parameters studied, all the milk samples conformed to the standard values for UHT milk, and in general all of the UHT milk samples studied in this experiment was of good quality.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2015. 44 (3):132-136

scholarly journals The effect of breed and stage of lactation on the microbiological status of raw milk

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Flóra Mária Petróczki ◽  
Tema Andualem Tonamo ◽  
Béla Béri ◽  
Ferenc Peles
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Jersey Cows ◽  
Friesian Cows

The microbiological quality of the milk is important not only for food safety, but it can also influence the quality of dairy products. The microbiological status of raw cow milk can be influenced by many factors. Our aim was to determine whether there was a difference between the microbiological quality of milk of two different cow breeds (Holstein Friesian and Jersey) kept and milked in the same conditions, and how the microbiological quality of the raw cow milk changed during lactation (beginning, mid, and end). Samples were taken and analysed in July, August and September in 2018 from two dairy farms in Hajdú-Bihar county. During the conducted studies, the total plate count (TPC), the coliform count, the Staphylococcus aureus count and the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) count of raw milk samples were determined. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the milk of the Holstein Friesian and Jersey breeds in the case of TPC. However, the mean coliform count of milk samples taken from Holstein Friesian cows was significantly lower (P<0.05) than the mean coliform count of milk samples taken from Jersey cows. S. aureus was detected in one of the twelve milk samples taken from Holstein Friesian cows, and in two of the eleven milk samples taken from Jersey cows. CNS was found in larger amount in milk samples taken from Holstein Friesian cows, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). Both TPC and CNS count were significantly higher (P<0.05) in individual milk samples taken at the end stage of lactation, than in samples taken in the earlier stages of lactation from Farm “A”. However, in the case of Farm “B”, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in colony counts at different stages of lactation. S. aureus was only present in milk samples that collected from cows, which were at the beginning and middle stages of lactation. Testimg the hemolysin production ability of S. aureus strains isolated from the raw milk samples, only weak hemolysis was observed on blood agar. In case of antibiotic resistance testing, it was found that all strains were susceptible to cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, penicillin G, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole. Based on the results of our studies, staphylococci were detected in a higher amount in the milk of Holstein Friesian cows, and coliform bacteria were detected in a higher number in the milk of Jersey cows. Summing up the results of the milk samples taken from the different stages of lactation in one of the farms, it can be concluded that higher TPC and CNS count could be detected at the end stage of lactation than in the samples taken from the earlier stages of lactation. The fact that at the end of lactation the microorganisms could be detected in a higher colony count may be related to the fact that teats could be damaged during lactation by the milking machine, which increased the chance of imvading the microorganisms into the udder.

scholarly journals Public Health Safety in Relation to Microbiological Quality of Freshly Drawn Cow’s Milk in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
R Khaton ◽  
MA Hasnat ◽  
S Rahman ◽  
MM Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Milk Samples

The aim of the present study was to determine the microbial quality of freshly drawn cow’s milk belonging to the arsenic affected and non-affected areas. In the present work 25 milk sample were collected from five different arsenic affected and non-affected areas. The analysis comprised enumeration of total viable count (TVC), total coliform count (TCC) and total staphylococcal count (TSC) for the determination of sanitary quality. The highest total viable count, total coliform count and total staphylococcus count were log 5.894 ± 0.221, log 2.832± 0.129 and log 2.898 ± 0.162 respectively. Staphylococcus spp, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp and Bacillus spp were isolated from the milk samples. Among them Escherichia coli were isolated from the maximum milk samples. It is found that the level of microbial quality in terms of TVC, TCC and TSC were high in arsenic affected areas than arsenic non-affected area. It also found that TVC and TCC were positively correlated with each other. This survey indicates that most of the raw milk samples were not satisfactory in course of public health standard as some pathogenic bacteria were detected from these samples and it is necessary to improve the hygienic practices required for the handling and processing of milk.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i2.21297 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (2): 231-236 

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of refrigerated raw milk in the dairy farm and after transport to the processing dairy plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Mörschbächer ◽  
Claudete Rempel ◽  
Mônica Maciel
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT: Transport of cooled raw milk in bulk has greatly improved the quality of the raw material collected by dairy plants as it reduces the proliferation of mesophilic microorganisms that cause milk acidity and hinder its processing. However, refrigeration has favored the growth of psychrotrophic microorganisms which are able to grow at low temperatures (below 10ºC) and that produce heat resistant enzymes which degrade some milk components, reducing milk shelf life and causing organoleptic changes. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the microbiological quality of raw milk in dairy farms and after its transport to the processing dairy plant, through plate counting of mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms. Fourteen milk samples were collected from tanks of the dairy-farming properties, and one sample was collected from their milk transport tanker at the entrance of the processing plant. Our results showed that the mean number of mesophilic microorganisms was higher in samples collected straight from the dairy farm tanks than in the samples collected from the transportation tankers at the entrance of the plant. Of the 14 sampled tanks, 64.3% were non-compliant with legislation. The sample collected from the milk transportation tanker containing milk from all properties showed a higher mean number of psychrotrophic microorganisms than the dairy farm samples. We conclude that the milk from dairy properties showed a higher amount of mesophilic microorganisms, and after transportation, at the entrance of the processing plant, there is a higher amount of psychrotrophic microorganisms.

scholarly journals Microbiological Quality of Ice Cream Available in Chittagong

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-136
Author(s):  
M Tarek Hossain ◽  
AKM Humayun Kober
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate

A study was carried out to investigate microbiological quality of ice cream available in Chittagong area of Bangladesh during June to July 2008. Each brand of ice cream was collected from retail stores of Chittagong City. Standard plate count (SPC) and coliform count were done for bacteriological assessment of the ice cream samples. The average SPC count of Kwality, Igloo and Sub Zero ice cream samples were 2 x 103, 3 x 103 and 4 x 103 cfu/g respectively. Coliform organisms were detected in all the ice cream samples and the average coliform counts of the ice cream samples from Kwality, Igloo and Sub Zero were 12, 18 and 42 cfu/g respectively. Coliform bacteria exceeded standard limits, which can cause serious health problems. Keyword: Total viable Count; Coliform countDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v25i2.4876Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 25, Number 2, December 2008, pp 135-136

scholarly journals Influence of the microbiological quality of raw milk on the shelf life of pasteurized milk

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1469
Author(s):  
José Carlos Ribeiro Júnior ◽  
Aline Marangon de Oliveira ◽  
Fernando Godoi Silva ◽  
Lorena Natalino Haber Garcia ◽  
Cátia Maria de Oliveira Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Microbial Counts ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Brazilian Standard

The dairy industry strives to produce high quality products with high nutritional value as well as to meet the legal standards for longer shelf life. However, these goals are made unfeasible by the poor quality of raw milk produced in some regions of Brazil. Others Brazilian dairy regions, however, already succeed in producing milk with low microbial counts, such as the municipality of Castro, Paraná state, designated as the ‘Brazilian dairy capital’. In order to evaluate the effect of raw milk quality on microbial counts during the shelf life of pasteurized milk, samples were collected from two dairy regions of Paraná: the northern and Castro region, characterized by milk production with high and low microbiological counts, respectively. Samples were experimentally pasteurized and the total microorganism counts were analyzed for 18 days at 7°C, using the Brazilian standard microbiological count limit for pasteurized milk (8 x 104 CFU/mL) as the end of the shelf life. Low microbiological counts in raw milk (Castro) resulted in significantly lower counts shortly after pasteurization and over the entire shelf life, meeting the pasteurized milk standard for 18 days. The temporal evolution in the counts over 18 days for the milks of high and low microbiological count was similar; however, the disparity between the absolute counts between the regions was significant (p < 0.05). Of the milk samples from northern Paraná, four (44.4%) already had counts higher than that of the legislative limit for pasteurized milk immediately after pasteurization. The others (five) reached the maximum microbiological count limit for pasteurized milk on the 6th day after pasteurization. In contrast, the milk from the Castro region remained below the limit throughout the analysis period. Thus, it can be stated that the microbiological quality of raw milk is directly related to the initial count of microorganisms after pasteurization, and that pasteurized milk produced from raw milk with low microbiological counts complies with the Brazilian legislation for 18 days following thermal processing.

THE QUALITY OF RAW MILK FROM SELECTED OHIO MARKETS.

1966 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 118-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Ohri ◽  
W. L. Slatter
Keyword(s):  
Raw Milk ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
High Count ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bacteriological Method ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Bulk Tank

Summary An 8-month survey of the bacteriological quality of bulk tank produced fluid milk supplies for four major markets in Ohio, was made utilizing the Standard Plate Count (SPC), the preliminary incubation count (PI), the thermoduric (pasteurized milk) count, and the coliform count. In terms of maximum standards of 200,000 and 100,000 organisms/ml, the SPC would have eliminated 13% and 20% of the milk samples, respectively. A SPC of 50,000/ml, a PI count of 200,000/ml, a thermoduric count of 500/ml, and a coliform count of 100/ml would have eliminated 37%, 34%, 40%, and 40%, respectively, of the samples but not all of the samples eliminated by one test were eliminated by another test. All of the tests employed showed a seasonal trend especially in the high count categories but the trend was less noticeable in the results of the preliminary incubation count. A combination of two of the methods was superior to any single bacteriological method employed in detecting unsatisfactory milk. Of the tests used, the combination of the thermoduric count (500/ml) and the coliform count (100/ml) was the most effective in the detection of unsatisfactory milk samples.

Rapid and Simple Estimation of Microbiological Quality of Raw Milk Using Chromogenic Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate Endpoint Assay

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1447-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIN-SUK RHEE ◽  
DONG-HYUN KANG
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate ◽  
Endpoint Assay ◽  
Lal Assay

A rapid chromogenic Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) endpoint assay for the enumeration of total mesophilic microbial loads and coliforms was investigated as a means to assess the microbiological quality of raw milk. For experiment 1, raw milk samples (n = 25) were stored in a refrigerator (2 ± 2°C) and then analyzed at regular intervals (1, 5, 10, and 15 days). For experiment 2, fresh raw milk samples (n = 50) were tested to determine the utility of the LAL assay for fresh raw milk. The sample was diluted threefold in a 96-well microtiter plate with pyrogen-free water and assayed with a chromogenic LAL kit to find a final reaction point. The LAL results were compared with standard plate counts (SPC) and coliform counts determined by conventional plating methods. The results of the LAL assay were strongly correlated to conventional SPC (r2 = 0.93; n = 100) and were highly correlated to coliforms (r2 = 0.74; n = 100). A highly significant linear relationship (r2 = 0.82; n = 50) was also observed between the predicted SPC based on the LAL value and the actual SPC. The results of LAL testing were classified into one of seven contamination groups. The data set for SPC was effectively differentiated using the LAL technique (P &lt; 0.01). The chromogenic LAL assay was found to be a rapid (within 16 min) and simple (not requiring specific instruments) method for monitoring microbial levels in raw milk. This method may be successfully implemented to rapidly determine highly microbial contaminated raw milk (&gt;3.0 log10 CFU/ml of SPC).

An Australian National Survey of the Microbiological Quality of Frozen Boneless Beef and Beef Primal Cuts

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 1862-1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID PHILLIPS ◽  
KATHRYN BRIDGER ◽  
IAN JENSON ◽  
JOHN SUMNER
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Coagulase Positive Staphylococci

The fourth national baseline microbiological survey of Australian beef was conducted in 2011, including frozen boneless beef and, for the first time, samples from selected beef primal cuts. Cartons of frozen boneless beef (n = 1,165) sampled at 29 boning (fabrication) plants were found to have a mean total viable count of 2.2 log CFU/g, and the mean count for the 2.1% of samples with detectable Escherichia coli was 1.3 log CFU/g. The mean total viable counts for striploins (longissimus dorsi, n = 572) and outsides (biceps femoris, n = 572) were 1.3 and 1.5 log CFU/cm2 respectively. E. coli isolates were obtained from 10.7 and 25.2% of striploins and outsides, respectively, with mean counts of −0.5 and −0.3 log CFU/cm2 on positive samples. E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Campylobacter were not isolated from any primal cut samples, and Salmonella was not isolated from any of the boneless product (E. coli O157:H7 and Campylobacter were not tested for). Listeria spp. were not detected in any of the boneless product, and one Listeria isolate was obtained on 1 (0.2%) of 572 striploin samples. Coagulase-positive staphylococci were isolated from 3.4% of boneless beef samples, 7.7% of beef striploins, and 8.4% of beef outsides, with positive samples having mean log counts of 1.9 CFU/g, 0.2 CFU/cm2, and 0.2 CFU/cm2, respectively.

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