Detection of brucellosis in cattle and evaluation of risk factors associated with the disease in workers slaughterhouse

Brucellosis is anthropozoonosis caused by Brucella spp. Among the zoonotic species, B. abortus is the main species affecting cattle and can easily be transmitted to humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate, through epidemiological inquiry and serological analysis, animal and human health as related to smooth strain Brucella spp. in a slaughterhouse located in the southern region of the state of Bahia. For this purpose, blood samples were collected from workers and animals at a slaughterhouse together with the State Inspection Service. Then, the Buffered Acidified Plate Antigen test was performed for animals and humans, the Slow Agglutination Test was performed for humans only; and the Complement Fixation Test and the 2-Mercaptoethanol Brucella Agglutination test (2ME) were performed for animals only. In addition, an epidemiological inquiry was applied to workers in order to assess risk factors for the disease. After data analysis, it was concluded that infection by smooth strains of Brucella spp. was detected in 14.0% of the cattle. Additionally, one worker out 41 tested reactive to the disease.

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Seroprevalence and risk factors of bovine brucellosis in the province of Djelfa (ALGERIA)

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-893 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

A. Yahia ◽

K. Hamrat ◽

K. Saidani ◽

R. Kaidi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Epidemiological Study ◽

Complement Fixation Test ◽

Complement Fixation ◽

Age Groups ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Fixation Test ◽

Bovine Brucellosis ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Significant Difference

In order to determine the prevalence of bovine brucellosis and the factors affecting its persistence in the province of Djelfa (Algeria), a sero-epidemiological study was carried out on a total of 10827 cattle (7346 females and 3481 males) during the decade from 2004 to 2013. The sera were screened by card agglutination test, and the positive samples were confirmed by the complement fixation test. Some factors (year, age, breed and sex) were considered. Results found an average prevalence of brucellosis during these ten years of 1.4% with a highly significant difference according to year and sex (P Lass Than 0.05). A prevalence of 1.58% for females against a prevalence of 1.03% for males was observed. No significant difference was observed for the different age groups (P>0.05) in the seroprevalence of brucellosis. A higher prevalence of infection (1.53%) was found in imported breeds compared to local and cross breeds with (1.39%) and (1.35%) respectively. The effect of the breed is highly significant (P Lass Than 0.05). In conclusion the bovine brucellosis persists in the province of Djelfa and it is necessary to implement a scheme to fight and prevent this infection.

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Prevalence and associated risk factors for bovine brucellosis in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5supl2p3413 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽

pp. 3413

Author(s):

Erivânia Camelo de Almeida ◽

Aderaldo Alexandrino Freitas ◽

Késia Alcântara Queiroz Pontual ◽

Marcília Maria Alves Souza ◽

Marcos Amaku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Complement Fixation Test ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

The State ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Bovine Brucellosis ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Positive Animal

This study was conducted to characterize the epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The state was divided into three regions, and in each region, approximately 300 properties were randomly sampled. From these selected properties, a pre-established number of animals were randomly selected and blood serum samples were obtained. A total of 3,901 animals were selected from 900 properties. For each selected property, an epidemiological questionnaire was administered to assess the type of farming, the animal husbandry practices and the sanitary practices that could be associated with the presence of brucellosis infection. The testing protocol consisted of screening the samples with a buffered acidified plate antigen test and retesting the positive samples with a complement fixation test (CF). One positive animal was enough to define an infected herd. The prevalence rates of infected herds and animals in the state were 4.5% [3.2; 6.4%] and 1.4% [0.7; 2.7%], respectively. By region, the prevalence rates of infected herds and animals, respectively, were as follows: Zona da Mata, 3.3% [1.8; 6.1%] and 1.7% [0.5; 3.0%]; Agreste, 7.4% [4.9; 10.9%] and 1.9% [0.8; 3.0%]; and Sertão, 1.3% [0.5; 3.5%] and 0.7% [0.0; 1.6%]. Flooded pastures (OR = 2.86 [1.37; 6.42]) and the presence of 13 or more females in the herd (3rd quartile) (OR = 2.65 [1.19; 5.89]) were identified as risk factors. The existence of veterinary care emerged as a protective factor against bovine brucellosis in the state of Pernambuco (OR = 0.24 [0.10; 0.58]).

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A quantitative comparison of the sensitivity of serological tests for bovine brucellosis to different antibody classes

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s0022172400055182 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 287-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

G. S. Allan ◽

R. J. Chappel ◽

P. Williamson ◽

D. J. McNaught

Keyword(s):

Complement Fixation Test ◽

Complement Fixation ◽

Quantitative Comparison ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Bovine Brucellosis ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Plate Test ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

The Rose ◽

Serum Agglutination

SUMMARYBrucella-specific antibodies of different immunoglobulin classes were quantitatively evaluated with respect to their efficiency in serological tests for bovine brucellosis.IgM reacted more efficiently than IgG1and IgG2in both the Rose Bengal plate test and serum agglutination test. The complement fixation test was found to be slightly more sensitive to IgM than to IgG1and did not react to IgG2.IgM was, however, partly inactivated when heated at 60°C. in the presence of serum.

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Risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a region of the Brazilian Amazon

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-00009-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Daniele Melo Sardinha ◽

Rosane do Socorro Pompeu de Loiola ◽

Ana Lúcia da Silva Ferreira ◽

Carmem Aliandra Freire de Sá ◽

Yan Corrêa Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

The State ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Brazilian Amazon Region

AbstractThe Brazilian Northern region registered a high incidence of COVID-19 cases, particularly in the state of Pará. The present study investigated the risk factors associated with the severity of COVID-19 in a Brazilian Amazon region of 100,819 cases. An epidemiological, cross-sectional, analytical and demographic study, analyzing data on confirmed cases for COVID-19 available at the Brazilian Ministry of Health's surveillance platform, was conducted. Variables such as, municipalities of residence, age, gender, signs and symptoms, comorbidities were included and associated with COVID-19 cases and outcomes. The spatial distribution was performed using the ArcGIS program. A total of 100,819 cases were evaluated. Overall, patients had the mean age of 42.3 years, were female (51.2%) and with lethality reaching 4.79% of cases. Main symptoms included fever (66.5%), cough (61.9%) and sore throat (39.8%). Regarding comorbidities, most of the patients presented cardiovascular disease (5.1%) and diabetes (4.2%). Neurological disease increased risk of death by nearly 15 times, followed by obesity (5.16 times) and immunodeficiency (5.09 time). The municipalities with the highest incidence rate were Parauapebas, Canaã dos Carajás and Jacareacanga. Similarity between the Lower Amazon, Marajó and Southwest mesoregions of Pará state were observed concerning the highest morbidity rates. The obtained data demonstrated that the majority of cases occurred among young adults, females, with the classic influenza symptoms and chronic diseases. Finally, data suggest that the highest incidences were no longer in the metropolitan region of the state. The higher lethality rate than in Brazil may be associated with the greater impacts of the disease in this Amazonian population, or factors associated with fragile epidemiological surveillance in the notification of cases of cure.

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Rabies Ecology in Bauchi State, Nigeria

Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0120 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 5-12

Author(s):

Bolajoko Muhammad-Bashir ◽

Yakubu Joel Atuman

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cost Effective ◽

The State ◽

Control Measures ◽

P Value ◽

Public Health Implication ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Canine Rabies ◽

Dog Ownership ◽

Dog Owners

Despite availability of safer and cost-effective treatments and vaccines, rabies is still considered among the most fatal viral zoonotic disease worldwide. The epidemiology of rabies is directly associated with the ecology of the reservoirs which needs better understanding to underpin appropriate control measures. There are only few reported attempts made towards understanding the ecology of dog and rabies cases in Nigeria. Although dogs are tolerated and kept in Bauchi State, the risk factors associated with dog ownership in the state, remain to be studied. This study is aimed at determining the risk factors associated with dog ownership in Bauchi state and to evaluate the degree with which the presence or absence of the identified factors can increase or decrease risk of rabies cases in the state. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted amongst dog owners across the state. Basic descriptive analyses were carried out in Microsoft Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS 21 was used to determine the relative risk (RR) of rabies occurrence in households across the state when exposed to each of the identified risk factors where P-value was set at 0.05. A total of 80 questionnaires were completed and received from the respondents. The calculated RR, revealed that the practice of extensive system of management increases the risk of canine rabies amongst dogs of the state by 80% and knowledge of dog owners about canine rabies reduces the risk of canine rabies by 27%. This study confirmed that dogs are owned and tolerated but poorly managed under extensive management system in Bauchi state with increasing risks of rabies spread due to low vaccination coverage and lack of practical application of knowledge on the dangers of rabies amongst the populace. The public health implication of this situation and the need for concerted efforts for sustainable control of rabies in the state is discussed

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Testing pigs of non-technified rearing farms for serum antibodies against Taenia solium in a region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2016000300001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 141-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriel A.M. Rossi ◽

Henrique M.S. Almeida ◽

Rafaella P.M. Guimarães-Peixoto ◽

Emílio C. Acevedo-Nieto ◽

Paulo S.A. Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Taenia Solium ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

São Paulo ◽

Intermediate Hosts ◽

Biological Cycle ◽

Serum Antibodies ◽

Factors Associated ◽

And Control

Abstract: Taenia solium is a zoonotic tapeworm of great importance in developing countries, due to the occurrence of human taeniasis and cysticercosis. Pigs have an important role in the biological cycle of the parasite as intermediate hosts. The scientific literature has been describing risk factors associated with the occurrence of this disease that must be avoided in countries with poor sanitation, in order to reduce the exposure of swine to the parasite eggs. This research focused on testing pigs of non-technified rearing farms for serum antibodies against Taenia solium in the region of Jaboticabal municipality, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The found prevalence was 6.82% (CI 95% 4.18 - 9.45) at animal level and 28.87% (CI 95% 16.74 - 40.40) at herd level. These figures are probably associated with low technification adoption during animal rearing in the studied area, which increased the exposure of the animals to risk factors associated with the occurrence of Taenia solium complex. The results found based on serological evidences of swine cysticercosis in the studied region serves as a warning to public sanitary authorities to improve public health and control T. solium.

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Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with canine visceral leishmaniasis in the State of Paraíba, Brazil

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/0037-8682-0429-2017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 683-688 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Raizza Barros Sousa Silva ◽

Maurina Lima Porto ◽

Werona de Oliveira Barbosa ◽

Heitor Cândido de Souza ◽

Nedja Fernanda dos Santos Pinto Marques ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

The State ◽

Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Factors Associated

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Protective Effect of the Nramp1 BB Genotype against Brucella abortus in the Water Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00948-06 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 75 (2) ◽

pp. 988-996 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Rosanna Capparelli ◽

Flora Alfano ◽

Maria Grazia Amoroso ◽

Giorgia Borriello ◽

Domenico Fenizia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brucella Abortus ◽

Untranslated Region ◽

Complement Fixation Test ◽

Water Buffalo ◽

Complement Fixation ◽

Bubalus Bubalis ◽

Lower Number ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Intracellular Bacteria ◽

Antibacterial Protein

ABSTRACT We tested 413 water buffalo cows (142 cases and 271 controls) for the presence of anti-Brucella abortus antibodies (by the skin test, the agglutination test, and the complement fixation test) and the Nramp1 genotype (by capillary electrophoresis). Four alleles (Nramp1A, -B, -C, and -D) were detected in the 3′ untranslated region of the Nramp1 gene. The BB genotype was represented among only controls, providing evidence that this genotype confers resistance to Brucella abortus. The monocytes from the BB (resistant) subjects displayed a higher basal level of Nramp1 mRNA and a lower number of viable intracellular bacteria than did the monocytes from AA (susceptible) subjects. The higher basal level of the antibacterial protein Nramp1 most probably provides the BB animals with the possibility of controlling bacteria immediately after their entry inside the cell.

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