scholarly journals Kekristenan dan Violence: Just War dan Tradisi Kristen

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Benyamin Fleming Intan
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Just War ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Just War Theory ◽  
Church Leaders ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Holy War ◽  
Christian Love ◽  
The Church

ABSTRACT: After man has sinned, violence cannot be separated from human life. As Christianity comes into contact with violence, it generates a theory of just-war in responding against injustice. The applications of just-war theory are not only limited to Christian circle, but has reached wider groups. Just-war has become a guidance for non-Christian philosophers and politicians to fight oppressors and to uphold justice. This paper discribes the idea of just-war in Christians tradition, firstly by exploring the legitimacy of war in the light of the Word of God, and secondly by comparing it to the holy war in the context of the Old Testament. To better understand the views of the church leaders about just-war this paper will also discuss the criticisms against the theory. The author believes that the presence of just-war theory is crucial in the midst of this sinful world. KEYWORDS: violence, the legitimacy of war, just-war, holy war, peace, justice, Christian love

Die koninkryk van God in die Ou Testament: ’n Kort oorsig

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. O'Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Kingdom Of God ◽  
Church Leaders ◽  
Real Difference ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
The Past ◽  
To Come ◽  
Psalm 22 ◽  
The Church ◽  
Technical Terms

The kingdom of God in the Old Testament: A brief survey. The kingdom of God is a central concept in the teaching of Jesus, but the question posed by this article is the following: What does the Old Testament say about the kingdom of God? Several Old Testament terms convey the concept of kingdom, kingship and rule of God. This article focuses on the Hebrew and Aramaic ‘technical’ terms for kingdom: mamlākâ, malkût, mělûkâ and malkû. One finds only a few Old Testament references where these terms are directly connected to God, most of them in the post-exilic literature: 1 Chronicles 17:14; 28:5; 29:11; 2 Chronicles 13:8; Psalm 22:29; 103:19; 145:11–13; Daniel 2:44; 3:33 (4:3); 4:31 (4:34); 6:27; 7:14, 18, 27; Obadiah 21. A brief study of these specific references leads to a few preliminary conclusions: The kingdom of God refers to a realm and the reign of God, the God of the kingdom is depicted in different ways, God’s kingdom is eternal and incomparable with earthly kingdoms, the scope of the kingdom is particularistic and universalistic, the Old Testament testifies about a kingdom that is and one that is yet to come, et cetera. It seems that there is no real difference when comparing the ‘kingdom of God’ with the ‘God is King’ passages. One cannot unequivocally declare that ‘kingdom of God’ is the central concept in the Old Testament. However, we must acknowledge that Jesus’s teaching about the kingdom of God did not evolve in a vacuum. His followers probably knew about the Old Testament perspective on the kingdom of God.Contribution: The concept ‘kingdom of God’ is relevant for the church in South Africa, especially congregations who strive to be missional. Unfortunately, the Old Testament perspective was neglected in the past. The purpose of this brief survey is to stimulate academics and church leaders in their further reflection on the kingdom of God.

scholarly journals Old Testament Lessons in the Säʿatat (‘Hours’) of Giyorgis Säglawi

Aethiopica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtemichael Kidane
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Divine Office ◽  
The Church

This article considers the use of Old Testament readings in the Säʿatat (‘Hours’) of Abba Giyorgis Säglawi (d.1425), an unusual practice in Gǝʿǝz liturgy. It is believed that the introduction of Old Testament readings into the Säʿatat went through various stages. It was first introduced on Saturdays to better understand the greatness of the day on which God rested. It was then extended to Sunday. It seems certain that the question of the Sabbath(s) influenced the introduction of Old Testament readings into the celebration of the Säʿatat. The Old Testament readings in the Säʿatat are protracted because the Scriptures are the Word of God, and therefore there should be no discrimination in their usage. Reading from both the Old and the New Testaments is also connected to the idea that they represent the two breasts of the Church, an image depicted more clearly in Giyorgis than in the gädlat of other local saints. Thus, the children of the Church must be fed readings from both Testaments which are the breasts of their mother, the Church. Today, one finds readings from the Old Testament at almost every hour of the Säʿatat. However, readings from both Testaments did not extend beyond the Säʿatat, neither into the Liturgy of the Qǝddase (Eucharistic celebration), nor the Yaredian/Dǝggwa Divine Office.

scholarly journals Ooreenstemmende leiding deur die GKSA se bedienaars van die Woord: ’n ondersoek na die leiding van Petrus, Paulus en Jakobus by vier byeenkomste

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (2/3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douw G. Breed
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Church Leaders ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
The Church

Corresponding guidance by the RCSA’s ministers of the Word: a study of the guidance provided by Peter, Paul and James on four occasionsDifferences between RCSA ministers in terms of their guidance from the Word of God have become increasingly apparent in recent years. It is clear that these differences among those who are called to lead are not in the best interest of the church. The present article sets out guidelines for church leaders – in casu, for ministers of the RCSA – to achieve non-conflicting guidance. These guidelines are presented after studying the guidance provided by Peter, Paul and James on four occasions when dealing with the matter of the Christians from the non-Jewish nations. The article focuses on the interrelationship between the three church leaders regarding the guidance that they offered, as well as guidelines that could be derived from their conduct to enable present-day church leaders to achieve non-conflicting guidance.

scholarly journals Gregorian Chorale as a Cultural Phenomenon of the Early Middle Ages: Background, Formation and Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 148-162
Author(s):  
Нестор Волков
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Liturgical Music ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Early Middle Ages ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
The Church

В данном исследовании автором будет поднят и рассмотрен вопрос развития церковной богослужебной музыки, а именно возникновение в Западной Церкви такого явления как григорианский хорал. Предпосылки его появления можно отследить начиная с ветхозаветных богослужебных песнопений как храмовых, так и более поздних - синагогальных. Затем автор разберет восприятие музыкальной науки в античной среде, такими классиками как Пифагор, Платон, и Аристотель, какое место в культуре и человеческой жизни в целом они ей отводили, какие функции приписывали, а также рассмотрит отношение к музыкальной науке отцов и учителей Церкви, их восприятие музыки как за богослужением, так и вне церковного пространства, но как отдельного культурного явления. Вместе с тем будут рассмотрены политические процессы, происходившие на территориях Западной Церкви, которые в свою очередь и привели сознание Западной Церкви к созданию единого корпуса богослужебных песнопений - григорианского хорала. Также автор даст ответ на вопрос: почему григорианский хорал может по праву считаться символом эпохи Раннего Средневековья, отображением самой культуры того времени. In this study, the author will raise and consider the issue of the development of Church liturgical music, namely the emergence of such a phenomenon as the Gregorian chorale in the Western Church. The prerequisites for its appearance can be traced back to the old Testament liturgical hymns, both temple and later - synagogue. Then the author will analyze the perception of music science in the ancient environment, such classics as Pythagoras, Plato, and Aristotle, what place they assigned to it in culture and human life in General, what functions they attributed to it, and also consider the attitude of the Church fathers and teachers to music science, their perception of music both at worship and outside the Church space, but as a separate cultural phenomenon. At the same time, we will consider the political processes that took place in the territories of the Western Church, which in turn led the consciousness of the Western Church to create a single corpus of liturgical hymns - the Gregorian chorale. The author will also answer the question: why the Gregorian chorale can rightfully be considered a symbol of the Early middle Ages, a reflection of the culture of that time.

scholarly journals Seks Menurut Alkitab Sebagai Kontribusi Bagi Pengajaran Gereja Masa Kini

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-180
Author(s):  
Junius Halawa
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Written Word ◽  
The Church

ABSTRAKSeks menurut Alkitab sebagai kontribusi bagi pengajaran gereja masa kini. Tujuan tulisan ini untuk menggali dan menjelaskan konsep seks di dalam Alkitab. Alkitab adalah firman Allah tertulis sebagai landasan iman dan sumber pengajaran yang sehat, misalnya pendidikan seks kepada jemaat. Jauh sebelum manusia diciptakan Allah telah merancang seks bagi kehidupan manusia. Sehingga seks harus dipahami sebagai karunia Allah yang baik, mulia dan nikmat. Namun pada faktanya sebagian orang mengangap seks sebagai sesuatu yang kotor atau hanya pemuas hawa nafsu manusia. Konsekwensiya ialah banyak orang melakukan tindakan seks yang salah diantaranya: perzinahan, onani atau mastrubasi, homoseksual, lesbian dan pedofilia. Berdasarkan hasil penggalian Alkitab, maka seks menggunakan istilah: “satu daging” dan “bersetubuh”. Lebih dalam Alkitab menyatakan bahwa seks merupakan inisiatif Allah sendiri kepada laki-laki dan perempuan, sehingga seks baik adanya. Seks hanya diizinkan Allah kepada seorang laki-laki dan seorang perempuan yang telah masuk dalam pernikahan yang diberkati Tuhan. Pada hakekatnya seks memiliki empat dimensi, yakni: Dimensi rekreasi, dimensi prokreasi, dimensi relasi dan dimensi refleksi. Jika diamati secara baik antara konsep seks yang disaksikan oleh  Alkitab dengan perilaku manusia diera ini, maka telah telah banyak terjadi penyimpangan. Oleh karena itu, fenomena ini merupakan bagian dari tanggungjawab gereja dan hamba Tuhan untuk melakukan langkah-langkah pencegahan dan penangan dosa seksual diantaranya: Memberikan pengajaran seks yang Alkitabiah, membuat program yang kreatif dan inofatif dan melaksanakan pelayanan pastoral konseling. Kata kunci: seks atau seksual.   ABSTRACT Sex according to the Bible as a contribution to the teaching of the church today. The purpose of this paper is to explore and explain the concept of sex in the Bible. The Bible is the written word of God as a foundation of faith and a source of healthy teaching, for example sex education to the congregation. Long before humans were created God had designed sex for human life. So sex must be understood as a gift from God that is good, noble and delicious. But in fact some people regard sex as something dirty or just satisfying human desires. The consequence is that many people commit wrong sexual acts including:

scholarly journals Scripture, Mishnah, and Confessions

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
PAUL R. GILCHRIST
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Church Leaders ◽  
History Of ◽  
Law Of Moses ◽  
The Church

Abstract: “Scripture, Mishnah, and the Confessions” examines the rabbinic sayings of the Pharisees at the time of Christ, the “oral law of Moses” that ultimately was written down in A.D. 200. These Mishnaic interpretations thought to apply the Old Testament to their new culture. The author notes that church leaders, wittingly or unwittingly, elevate their formal documents to the same level of authority in seeking to adjust to changing cultures. This tendency is observed in the history of the church, whether Romanism or liberalism, fundamentalism or evangelicalism, and sometimes in confessional church circles.

scholarly journals The Mandate Of Making Disciples: Teaching As Incarnational Ministry

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
John Abedu Quashie
Keyword(s):  
Christian Education ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Pastoral Ministry ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Incarnational Ministry ◽  
The People ◽  
Teaching Ministry ◽  
Christian Leader ◽  
Making Disciples ◽  
The Church

This paper discusses how the Church can achieve the goal of discipleship through an “incarnational” model of teaching. It argues that teaching in the Church should be incarnational so as to realize transformation in the lives of people. Incarnation is used in the sense of the word of God which the Christian leader has been commanded to teach, becomes flesh and makes a dwelling among the people so that the learner can behold the glory of the word being lived out in human life. The Pastoral ministry must engage in teaching so that learners can become new creations who demonstrate the nature of Christ. In discipleship, the pastor acts as the teacher of teachers, equipping the laity so that they can teach others. Teaching, a key aspect in Christian education, is at the heart of discipleship. As such, for the teaching ministry to be incarnate, it must identify with Jesus Christ. What is preached and taught must become flesh in the teacher’s own life and help the learner to behold the glory of Jesus the Christ. Keywords: Discipleship, Pastoral ministry, Incarnational ministry, Christian education, teaching

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE IDEOLOGICAL ORIGINS OF ARMED STRUGGLE IN ISLAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 111-135
Author(s):  
Sami Ud Din ◽  
Dr. Dost Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Just War ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Just War Theory ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Armed Struggle ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
The Right ◽  
Do So

Armed struggle is an issue of life- and -death judgments and that’s why it needs solid justification from ethical and religious principles. Defending human life and preserving the society from anarchy, disintegration and destruction sometimes waging armed struggle become necessary and a group of people or nation is compelled to do so. Now one of the important aspects in this regard is, in which circumstances the nation is allowed for an armed struggle. All of the major world religions provide guidelines in this domain from strong militancy to absolute pacifism and just war theory. Islam too acknowledges the right of defense and preserving life to human beings. This paper seeks to map out the ideological approaches to armed struggle in Islam. The important scriptures from the holy Quran, Narrations of the holy prophet are briefly introduced and the relevant verses are extracted and summarized in the light of exegesis.

Secular theology and noble sacrifice: the ethics of Michael Walzer's just war theory

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
RONAN O'CALLAGHAN
Keyword(s):  
Just War ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Just War Theory ◽  
Religious Fundamentalism ◽  
Holy War ◽  
Moral Language ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Secular Theology ◽  
The Sacrifice

AbstractThe last decade has witnessed an attempt to solidify debate on war around the dichotomy of just war and holy war. In this dichotomy, the just war has increasingly been depicted as the progressive secularised opposite to holy war's antiquated religious fundamentalism. While wars argued for under the just war banner have been extensively critiqued and protested against, the rights based language of just war theory has largely escaped critical evaluation. Michael Walzer has emerged as a pivotal figure in just war theory's modern, secular rebirth within the discipline of International Relations. Walzer's theory argues the language of just war theory provides an effective means for us to engage with the moral reality of war. Drawing upon the work of Jacques Derrida this article investigates the construction of Walzer's moral language and its ethical implications. The first section focuses on Walzer's moral language; its structure, inconsistencies, and theological underpinnings. The second section addresses how Walzer employs this language to justify the sacrifice of combatants in defence of non-combatants. The central arguments presented in this article are that Walzer's theory is inconsistent in itself, and that the sacrifices initiated by this language constitute the unjustified sacrifice of just war theory's own ethical principles.

scholarly journals Tinjauan Teologis Tentang Gereja Sejati dan Aplikasinya Bagi Pelayanan Gereja Kontemporer

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-57
Author(s):  
Paulus Purwoto
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
People Of God ◽  
God's People ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
The Church

AbstractThe church is a chosen group or congregation, namely those who are called by God to come out of the world, go away from sin and enter into the realm of grace. The church has a relationship with God's people in the Old Testament, where in the Old Testament God chose Abraham as the embryo of the birth of the nation of Israel, which was God's chosen nation. Theologically, the idea of God's people being called out clearly existed in Old Testament times, as well as in New Testament times. Linguistically the Greek word ekklesia appears repeatedly in connection with Israel in the Septuagint translation. The elements in the Old Testament exist in the New Testament church, however, they cannot be correctly equated between the Old Testament congregation and the church, because the church is a new product, founded on the Lord Jesus, made by the Holy Spirit and contains people from all the races of all nations become one new people of God. The true church has the signs as described in the Word of God. The purpose of this research is to conduct a theological review of the true church and its application to the contemporary church. The method used in this research is literature study method. The true church has signs, joy, holiness, truth, mission, unity, love, proclaims the Word of God properly, uses the sacraments properly, and exercises church discipline. The conclusion of this study is that the true church has signs that can be applied in contemporary church ministry.Key words: Chruch, Contemporer, True, Ministry AbstrakGereja adalah kumpulan atau jemaat pilihan, yaitu mereka yang dipanggil Allah keluar dari dunia, pergi dari dosa dan masuk ke dalam wilayah anugerah. Gereja memiliki relasi dengan umat Allah dalam Perjanjian Lama, dimana dalam Perjanjian Lama Tuhan memilih Abraham sebagai embrio lahirnya Bangsa Israel yang merupakan bangsa pilihan Allah. Secara teologis gagasan tentang umat Allah yang dipanggil keluar jelas telah eksis pada masa Perjanjian Lama, sebagaimana pada masa Perjanjian Baru.  Secara linguistik kata Yunani ekklesia muncul berulang kali dalam kaitannya dengan Israel dalam terjemahan Septuaginta. Unsur-unsur dalam Perjanjian Lama tersebut ada dalam gereja Perjanjian Baru, namun demikian tidak dapat disamakan dengan tepat antara Jemaah Perjanjian Lama dengan gereja, oleh karena gereja adalah sesuatu produk baru, didirikan diatas Tuhan Yesus, dijadikan oleh Roh Kudus dan berisi orang-orang dari segala ras dari seluruh bangsa menjadi satu umat Allah yang baru. Gereja sejati memiliki tanda-tanda sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam Firman Tuhan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan tinjauan teologis tentang gereja sejati dan aplikasinya bagi gereja kontemporer. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi literatur. Gereja sejati memiliki tanda-tanda, sukacita, kekudusan, kebenaran, misi, kesatuan, kasih, memberitakan Firman Tuhan dengan benar, menggunakan sakramen dengan benar, dan menjalankan disiplin gereja. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa gereja sejati memiliki tanda-tanda yang dapat diaplikasikan dalam pelayanan gereja kontemporer.Kata kunci: Gereja, Kontemporer, Sejati, Pelayanan. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document