Historical Accounts Provide Inference into Population Dynamics of American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) in the Northeastern USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. W. McClure ◽  
Sarah E. Schulwitz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Falco Sparverius ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Population Decrease ◽  
American Kestrels ◽  
Northeastern Usa

ABSTRACT American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) are declining across much of North America, yet the initial timing of the population decrease is unclear. In an attempt to elucidate when kestrel declines began, we examined historical descriptions of abundance within the northeastern United States. Within The Peregrine Fund's research library, we found 54 descriptions of kestrel abundance in northeastern states dating from 1839 to 2013. Our analysis indicates a cubic trend in descriptions of kestrel abundance with a peak occurring in 1951. After that peak, the population began its current decline, yet the population appears to have been stable beforehand. That the current decline is apparent in our data set lends credence to our methodology and suggests that populations were likely secure until approximately 1951. Our results thus suggest that populations of American Kestrels in the northeastern United States began declining before systematic monitoring began in 1966. Future research should thus examine what environmental changes occurred around the early- to mid-20th century in the northeastern USA to cause population declines of American Kestrels.

scholarly journals Measuring Job Creation, Growth, and Survival among the Universe of Start-ups in the United States Using a Combined Start-up Panel Data Set

ILR Review ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1262-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Fairlie ◽  
Javier Miranda ◽  
Nikolas Zolas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Us ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
The Universe

The field of entrepreneurship is growing rapidly and expanding into new areas. This article presents a new compilation of administrative panel data on the universe of business start-ups in the United States, which will be useful for future research in entrepreneurship. To create the US start-up panel data set, the authors link the universe of non-employer firms to the universe of employer firms in the Longitudinal Business Database (LBD). Start-up cohorts of more than five million new businesses per year, which create roughly three million jobs, can be tracked over time. To illustrate the potential of the new start-up panel data set for future research, the authors provide descriptive statistics for a few examples of research topics using a representative start-up cohort.

scholarly journals Does Proximity to Wetland Shrubland Increase the Habitat Value for Shrubland Birds of Small Patches of Upland Shrubland in the Northeastern United States?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Buffum ◽  
Richard A. McKinney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Private Landowners ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Habitat Value ◽  
Shrubland Birds ◽  
The Impact

The loss of shrubland habitat is linked to population declines for many wildlife species, including several bird species of conservation concern. Conservation agencies in the northeastern United States encourage private landowners to clearcut patches of forest to create shrubland habitat. Many private landowners are only willing to create small clearcuts; therefore, it is important to understand how to maximize the impact of small clearcuts on bird habitat use. In this study we examined whether proximity to wetland shrubland increases the habitat value of small patches of upland shrubland. We conducted point counts at 22 sites containing small patches of upland shrubland ranging in size from 0.1 to 7 ha. Shrubland bird species richness was significantly positively correlated with the proportion of wetland shrubland habitat within 100 m of a site, and with the extent of all shrubland habitat within 100 m, but not with the proportion of upland shrubland. Occupancy modeling indicated that the size of adjacent wetland shrub patches increased occupancy at the sites for five of eight species observed with sufficient rates of detection. Our results suggest that creating clearcuts adjacent to existing areas of wetland shrubland may enhance the habitat value of the patches for shrubland birds.

College Students’ Perceptions of Intimate Partner Violence: The Effects of Type of Abuse and Perpetrator Gender

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052090802
Author(s):  
Jenna M. Wilson ◽  
Kimberly Smirles
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Abuse Severity ◽  
Type Of Abuse

This study explored how perceptions of intimate partner abuse severity and perpetrator responsibility differed based upon gender of the perpetrator/victim, participants’ gender, the type of abuse (physical vs. psychological), and the medium of abuse (in person vs. texting). Participants were undergraduates ( N = 593, aged 18–27), including 457 women and 136 men from two colleges in the Northeastern United States, who completed surveys for course credit. Results demonstrated that participants perceived abuse perpetrated by a male as more severe than abuse by a female, and physical abuse as more severe than psychological abuse. Furthermore, an interaction between perpetrator gender and abuse type indicated that abuse by males was viewed as more severe regardless of whether it occurred in person or electronically. In addition, participants attributed more responsibility to males and those who committed physical abuse. These findings are discussed in light of limitations and implications for future research.

scholarly journals The Characteristics of TCM Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review of ClinicalTrials.gov

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junchao Chen ◽  
Jihan Huang ◽  
Jordan V. Li ◽  
Yinghua Lv ◽  
Yingchun He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Trial Intervention

Objective. The aim of this review is to characterize current status of global TCM clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. Methods. We examined all the trials registered within ClinicalTrials.gov up to 25 September 2015, focusing on study interventions to identify TCM-related trials, and extracted 1,270 TCM trials from the data set. Results. Overall, 691 (54.4%) trials were acupuncture, and 454 (35.8%) trials were herbal medicines. Differences in TCM trial intervention types were also evident among the specific therapeutic areas. Among all trials, 55.7% that were small studies enrolled <100 subjects, and only 8.7% of completed studies had reported results of trials. As for the location, the United States was second to China in conducting the most TCM trials. Conclusion. This review is the first snapshot of the landscape of TCM clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, providing the basis for treatment and prevention of diseases within TCM and offering useful information that will guide future research on TCM.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of the Historical Accuracy of the Point Precipitation Frequency Estimates of Four Data Sets and Their Projections for the Northeastern United States

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Wu ◽  
Momcilo Markus ◽  
David Lorenz ◽  
James Angel ◽  
Kevin Grady
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Representative Concentration Pathway ◽  
Exceedance Probability ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Precipitation Frequency ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Historical Accuracy

Many studies have projected that as the climate changes, the magnitudes of extreme precipitation events in the Northeastern United States are likely to continue increasing, regardless of the emission scenario. To examine this issue, we analyzed observed and modeled daily precipitation frequency (PF) estimates in the Northeastern US on the rain gauge station scale based on both annual maximum series (AMS) and partial duration series (PDS) methods. We employed four Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) downscaled data sets, including a probabilistic statistically downscaled data set developed specifically for this study. The ability of these four data sets to reproduce the observed features of historical point PF estimates was compared, and the two with the best historical accuracy, including the newly developed probabilistic data set, were selected to produce projected PF estimates under two CMIP5-based emission scenarios, namely Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) and Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5). These projections indeed demonstrate a likely increase in PF estimates in the Northeastern US with noted differences in magnitudes and spatial distributions between the two data sets and between the two scenarios. We also quantified how the exceedance probabilities of the historical PF estimate values are likely to increase under each scenario using the two best performing data sets. Notably, an event with a current exceedance probability of 0.01 (a 100-year event) may have an exceedance probability for the second half of the 21st century of ≈0.04 (a 27-year event) under the RCP4.5 scenario and ≈0.05 (a 19-year event) under RCP8.5. Knowledge about the projected changes to the magnitude and frequency of heavy precipitation in this region will be relevant for the socio-economic and environmental evaluation of future infrastructure projects and will allow for better management and planning decisions.

scholarly journals The American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) genoscape: implications for monitoring, management, and subspecies boundaries

The Auk ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen C Ruegg ◽  
Michaela Brinkmeyer ◽  
Christen M Bossu ◽  
Rachael A Bay ◽  
Eric C Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Falco Sparverius ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
American Kestrel ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
American Kestrels ◽  
Outlier Loci ◽  
The U.S

AbstractIdentifying population genetic structure is useful for inferring evolutionary process and comparing the resulting structure with subspecies boundaries can aid in species management. The American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) is a widespread and highly diverse species with 17 total subspecies, only 2 of which are found north of U.S./Mexico border (F. s. paulus is restricted to southeastern United States, while F. s. sparverius breeds across the remainder of the U.S. and Canadian distribution). In many parts of their U.S. and Canadian range, American Kestrels have been declining, but it has been difficult to interpret demographic trends without a clearer understanding of gene flow among populations. Here we sequence the first American Kestrel genome and scan the genome of 197 individuals from 12 sampling locations across the United States and Canada in order to identify population structure. To validate signatures of population structure and fill in sampling gaps across the U.S. and Canadian range, we screened 192 outlier loci in an additional 376 samples from 34 sampling locations. Overall, our analyses support the existence of 5 genetically distinct populations of American Kestrels—eastern, western, Texas, Florida, and Alaska. Interestingly, we found that while our genome-wide genetic data support the existence of previously described subspecies boundaries in the United States and Canada, genetic differences across the sampled range correlate more with putative migratory phenotypes (resident, long-distance, and short-distance migrants) rather than a priori described subspecies boundaries per se. Based on our results, we suggest the resulting 5 genetically distinct populations serve as the foundation for American Kestrel conservation and management in the face of future threats.

Precipitation Chemistry Patterns: A Two-Network Data Set

Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 208 (4448) ◽  
pp. 1143-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONALD H. PACK
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Acid Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Chemistry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Comparable Data ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Site Network

Precipitation chemistry data from two networks, one with nine sites and the other with eight, are shown to provide comparable data, that is, they were drawn from the same population. These data may thus be combined into a 17-site network. This combination of data provides a comprehensive description of the contemporary patterns of acid precipitation in the northeastern United States.

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