scholarly journals Physician-Induced Demand: Evidence from China’s Drug Price Zero-Markup Policy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanming Fang ◽  
Xiaoyan Lei ◽  
Julie Shi ◽  
Xuejie Yi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Price ◽  
Induced Demand

scholarly journals Physician-Induced Demand: Evidence from China’s Drug Price Zero-Markup Policy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanming Fang ◽  
Xiaoyan Lei ◽  
Julie Shi ◽  
Xuejie Yi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Price ◽  
Induced Demand

scholarly journals Physician-Induced Demand: Evidence from China’s Drug Price Zero-Markup Policy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanming Fang ◽  
Xiaoyan Lei ◽  
Julie Shi ◽  
Xuejie Yi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Price ◽  
Induced Demand

scholarly journals Physician-Induced Demand: Evidence from China's Drug Price Zero-Markup Policy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanming Fang ◽  
Xiaoyan Lei ◽  
Julie Shi ◽  
Xuejie Yi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Price ◽  
Induced Demand

Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis for user satisfaction-induced demand-side load management for an institutional building

2021 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 1396-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan ◽  
S. Leoponraj ◽  
J. Vishnupriyan ◽  
A. Dheeraj ◽  
G. Gangaram Sundar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Analysis ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Load Management ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Induced Demand ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Analysis ◽  
Side Load

scholarly journals Transmural distribution of metabolic abnormalities and glycolytic activity during dobutamine-induced demand ischemia

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (6) ◽  
pp. H2680-H2686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad N. Jameel ◽  
Xiaohong Wang ◽  
Marcel H. J. Eijgelshoven ◽  
Abdul Mansoor ◽  
Jianyi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Stenosis ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Work ◽  
Induced Demand ◽  
Systolic Thickening

The heterogeneity across the left ventricular wall is characterized by higher rates of oxygen consumption, systolic thickening fraction, myocardial perfusion, and lower energetic state in the subendocardial layers (ENDO). During dobutamine stimulation-induced demand ischemia, the transmural distribution of energy demand and metabolic markers of ischemia are not known. In this study, hemodynamics, transmural high-energy phosphate (HEP), 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate (2-DGP) levels, and myocardial blood flow (MBF) were determined under basal conditions, during dobutamine infusion (DOB: 20 μg·kg−1·min−1 iv), and during coronary stenosis + DOB + 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) infusion. DOB increased rate pressure products (RPP) and MBF significantly without affecting the subendocardial-to-subepicardial blood flow ratio (ENDO/EPI) or HEP levels. During coronary stenosis + DOB + 2-DG infusion, RPP, ischemic zone (IZ) MBF, and ENDO/EPI decreased significantly. The IZ ratio of creatine phosphate-to-ATP decreased significantly [2.30 ± 0.14, 2.06 ± 0.13, and 2.04 ± 0.11 to 1.77 ± 0.12, 1.70 ± 0.11, and 1.72 ± 0.12 for EPI, midmyocardial (MID), and ENDO, respectively], and 2-DGP accumulated in all layers, as evidenced by the 2-DGP/PCr (0.55 ± 0.12, 0.52 ± 0.10, and 0.37 ± 0.08 for EPI, MID, and ENDO, respectively; P < 0.05, EPI > ENDO). In the IZ the wet weight-to-dry weight ratio was significantly increased compared with the normal zone (5.9 ± 0.5 vs. 4.4 ± 0.4; P < 0.05). Thus, in the stenotic perfused bed, during dobutamine-induced high cardiac work state, despite higher blood flow, the subepicardial layers showed the greater metabolic changes characterized by a shift toward higher carbohydrate metabolism, suggesting that a homeostatic response to high-cardiac work state is characterized by more glucose utilization in energy metabolism.

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