Evaluation of an autogenous vaccine against E. coli bearing the CTX-M-14 plasmid Roberto M. La Ragione, Sabrina Lotz, Hannah Cockrem, Martin J. Woodward and Nick Coldham Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (Weybridge), UK.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli has spread rapidly worldwide and poses a serious threat to human and animal health. This study collected 51 non-replicate E. coli isolates from 14 different chicken farms in Henan Province in China from December 2007 to August 2008. The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli, molecular characterization of the ESBL-related bla genes, including bla TEM, bla SHV and bla CTX-M, and the susceptibilities of these bacteria to various antimicrobial agents were determined. Thirty-one of the 51 isolates were positive for an ESBL phenotype and 29 of these isolates carried one or more bla genes. Twenty-two isolates harboured bla TEM genes and 15 isolates carried bla CTX-M genes (one CTX-M-14, three CTX-M-24 and 11 CTX-M-65). One isolate carried bla TEM -57; the remaining bla TEM isolates carried bla TEM-1 with one silent nucleotide base variation (T18C). We believe that this is the first study to report TEM-57 in E. coli isolates. All isolates harbouring bla CTX-M-24 and bla CTX-M-14 and five of the bla CTX-M-65 isolates also harboured the bla TEM-1 gene. To our knowledge, this study is the first to describe detection of CTX-M-65-producing E. coli isolated from chickens. None of the isolates contained the bla SHV gene. Conjugation experiments demonstrated that bla CTX-M and bla TEM genes could be transferred to E. coli DH5α. The results indicate that ESBL frequency has reached an alarming level in chicken isolates in China, with TEM-1 and CTX-M-65 enzymes being the two predominant β-lactamases detected.

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Association between the blaCTX-M-14-harboring Escherichia coli Isolated from Weasels and Domestic Animals Reared on a University Campus

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10040432 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 432

Author(s):

Montira Yossapol ◽

Miku Yamamoto ◽

Michiyo Sugiyama ◽

Justice Opare Odoi ◽

Tsutomu Omatsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Animal Health ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Group Method ◽

University Campus ◽

E Coli ◽

Pair Group ◽

Generation Sequencing ◽

M 14

Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria affect human and animal health worldwide. Here, CTX-M-14-producing Escherichia coli isolates were isolated from Siberian weasels (Mustela sibirica) that were captured on a veterinary campus. To clarify the source of bacteria in the weasels, we examined the domestic animals reared in seven facilities on the campus. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli were isolated on deoxycholate hydrogen sulfide lactose agar, containing cephalexin (50 μg/mL) or cefotaxime (2 μg/mL), and were characterized with antimicrobial susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), replicon typing, and β-lactamase typing analyses. Next-generation sequencing of the ESBL-encoding plasmids was also performed. CTX-M-14 producers isolated from both domestic animals and weasels were classified into six clusters with seven PFGE profiles. The PFGE and antimicrobial resistance profiles were characterized by the animal facility. All CTX-M-14 plasmids belonged to the IncI1 type with a similar size (98.9–99.3 kb), except for one plasmid that was 105.5 kb in length. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) revealed that the CTX-M-14 plasmid in the weasel isolates might have the same origin as the CTX-M-14 plasmid in the domestic animals. Our findings shed further light on the association of antimicrobial resistance between wild and domestic animals.

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Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Characterization of Escherichia coli Strains from Cases of Neonatal Diarrhea in Spanish Pig Farms

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci7020048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 48

Author(s):

Anna Vidal ◽

Laia Aguirre ◽

Chiara Seminati ◽

Montse Tello ◽

Noelia Redondo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Animal Health ◽

Phenotypic Analysis ◽

Low Frequencies ◽

Neonatal Diarrhea ◽

E Coli ◽

Pig Farms ◽

Diagnostic Approaches ◽

Low Prevalence

Escherichia coli is considered one of the most common agents associated with neonatal diarrhea in piglets. The aim of this work was to characterize the pathogenic and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of 122 E. coli strains isolated from pigs suffering diarrhea (n = 94) and pigs without diarrhea (n = 28) of 24 farms in Spain. Virulence factors, toxins and AMR (ESBL and colistin) genes and AMR phenotypes of E. coli isolates were analyzed. Low prevalence of pathogenic E. coli strains (26%) was found in both groups. However, ETEC and VTEC strains were more frequently isolated from diarrheic piglets. Irrespectively of diarrhea occurrence, 97.5% of the strains showed a multidrug-resistance (MDR) profile to aminopenicillins, sulfonamides and tetracyclines. It was found that 22% of E. coli was CTX-M+, with CTX-M-14 being the principal allelic variant. Remarkably, 81.5% of CTX-M+ strains were isolated from diarrheic animals and presented an extended MDR profile to aminopenicillins, quinolones and aminoglycosides. Finally, low frequencies of colistin resistance genes mcr-1 (4/122) and mcr-4 (1/122) were found. MDR E. coli strains are circulating in pig farms of Spain, representing a serious threat to animal and public health. More appropriate diagnostic approaches (genetic and AMR phenotypic analysis) should be implemented in animal health to optimize antibiotic treatments.

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Recent Emergence of Clonal Group O25b:K1:H4-B2-ST131 ibeA Strains among Escherichia coli Poultry Isolates, Including CTX-M-9-Producing Strains, and Comparison with Clinical Human Isolates

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01112-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 76 (21) ◽

pp. 6991-6997 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Azucena Mora ◽

Alexandra Herrera ◽

Rosalia Mamani ◽

Cecilia López ◽

María Pilar Alonso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Virulence Gene ◽

Clonal Group ◽

E Coli ◽

Strain Collection ◽

Zoonotic Risk ◽

Recent Emergence ◽

Avian Origin ◽

K1 Capsule ◽

M 14

ABSTRACT To discern the possible spread of the Escherichia coli O25b:H4-ST131 clonal group in poultry and the zoonotic potential of avian strains, we made a retrospective search of our strain collection and compared the findings for those strains with the findings for current strains. Thus, we have characterized a collection of 19 avian O25b:H4-ST131 E. coli strains isolated from 1995 to 2010 which, interestingly, harbored the ibeA gene. Using this virulence gene as a criterion for selection, we compared those 19 avian strains with 33 human O25b:H4-ST131 ibeA-positive E. coli strains obtained from patients with extraintestinal infections (1993 to 2009). All 52 O25b:H4-ST131 ibeA-positive E. coli strains shared the fimH, kpsMII, malX, and usp genes but showed statistically significant differences in nine virulence factors, namely, papGIII, cdtB, sat, and kpsMII K5, which were associated with human strains, and iroN, kpsMII K1, cvaC, iss, and tsh, which were associated with strains of avian origin. The XbaI macrorestriction profiles of the 52 E. coli O25b:H4-ST131 ibeA-positive strains revealed 11 clusters (clusters I to XI) of >85% similarity, with four clusters including strains of human and avian origin. Cluster VII (90.9% similarity) grouped 10 strains (7 avian and 3 human strains) that mostly produced CTX-M-9 and that also shared the same virulence profile. Finally, we compared the macrorestriction profiles of the 12 CTX-M-9-producing O25b:H4-ST131 ibeA strains (7 avian and 5 human strains) identified among the 52 strains with those of 15 human O25b:H4-ST131 CTX-M-14-, CTX-M-15-, and CTX-M-32-producing strains that proved to be negative for ibeA and showed that they clearly differed in the level of similarity from the CTX-M-9-producing strains. In conclusion, E. coli clonal group O25b:H4-ST131 ibeA has recently emerged among avian isolates with the new acquisition of the K1 capsule antigen and includes CTX-M-9-producing strains. This clonal group represents a real zoonotic risk that has crossed the barrier between human and avian hosts.

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The Intriguing Interaction of Escherichia coli with the Host Environment and Innovative Strategies To Interfere with Colonization: a Summary of the 2019 E. coli and the Mucosal Immune System Meeting

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02085-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 86 (24) ◽

Author(s):

Eric Cox ◽

Meryem Aloulou ◽

James M. Fleckenstein ◽

Christina Schäffer ◽

Åsa Sjöling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Immune System ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Animal Health ◽

Mucosal Immune System ◽

Periodontal Pathogen ◽

Content Type ◽

Innovative Strategies ◽

E Coli ◽

Health And Disease

ABSTRACT The third E. coli and the Mucosal Immune System (ECMIS) meeting was held at Ghent University in Belgium from 2 to 5 June 2019. It brought together an international group of scientists interested in mechanisms of colonization, host response, and vaccine development. ECMIS distinguishes itself from related meetings on these enteropathogens by providing a greater emphasis on animal health and disease and covering a broad range of pathotypes, including enterohemorrhagic, enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic, enteroaggregative, and extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli. As it is well established that the genus Shigella represents a subspecies of E. coli, these organisms along with related enteroinvasive E. coli are also included. In addition, Tannerella forsythia, a periodontal pathogen, was presented as an example of a pathogen which uses its surface glycans for mucosal interaction. This review summarizes several highlights from the 2019 meeting and major advances to our understanding of the biology of these pathogens and their impact on the host.

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PSVI-10 Detection of E. coli virulence genes during the pre-weaning and peri-weaning period in young meat goats

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.415 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 201-202

Author(s):

Eunice Ndegwa ◽

Aber Alahmde

Keyword(s):

Virulence Genes ◽

Animal Health ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Farm Animals ◽

E Coli ◽

Weaning Stress ◽

Meat Goats ◽

Health Need ◽

Specific Virulence

Abstract It has been postulated that changes in prevalence of E. coli isolates with particular virulence genes in animals may be affected by many factors including age, feed, geographical location and stress. The weaning period represents stressful stage during the growth of farm animals. To evaluate if weaning stress affects the prevalence of E. coli possessing virulence genes; shiga toxin (Stx), hemolysin (hly) and intimin (eae) in young meat goats, fecal samples were collected during pre-weaning period, day of weaning (0DPW), one day after weaning (1DPW), two days after weaning (2DPW) and 7 days after weaning (7DPW). Two hundred forty seven two E. coli isolates were screened for the virulence genes. All four virulence genes (Stx1, Stx2, Hly, and eae) evaluated were detected in E. coli during the peri-weaning period while only stx1, eae and hly were detected during the pre-weaning period. No Stx2 had been detected during the pre-weaning period. Both Stx1 and Hly frequency of detection increased significantly from 0DPW to 2DPW and then decreased on 7DPW. The Stx2 gene remained relatively the same between 0DPW and 7DPW. The frequency of eae detection was highest during the pre-weaning period but also increased significantly from 0DPW to 7DPW. Further characterization of peri-weaning isolates possessing either Stx2 or eae revealed that some belonged to serotypes important to animal and public health including O26, O103 and O146. We highlight a previously unreported finding on pattern of colonization by E. coli in young meat goats before and during peri-weaning period. This trend may be suggestive that strains of E. coli harboring specific virulence genes proliferate during times of stress such as weaning in young meat goats while others predominantly colonize very young animals. The significance of E. coli isolates possessing the various virulence genes in relation to animal health need further evaluation.

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Broiler Farms and Carcasses Are an Important Reservoir of Multi-Drug Resistant Escherichia coli in Ecuador

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2020.547843 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

David Ortega-Paredes ◽

Sofía de Janon ◽

Fernando Villavicencio ◽

Katherine Jaramillo Ruales ◽

Kenny De La Torre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Animal Health ◽

Poultry Meat ◽

Meat Production ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Food Component ◽

Production Chain ◽

Animal Food ◽

E Coli

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major health threat for public and animal health in the twenty-first century. In Ecuador, antibiotics have been used by the poultry industry for decades resulting in the presence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria in the poultry meat production chain, with the consequent risk for public health. This study evaluated the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC and mcr genes in third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli (3GC-R E. coli) isolated from broiler farms (animal component), broiler carcasses (food component), and human enteritis (human component) in Quito-Ecuador. Samples were collected weekly from November 2017 to November 2018. For the animal, food, and human components, 133, 335, and 302 samples were analyzed, respectively. Profiles of antimicrobial resistance were analyzed by an automated microdilution system. Resistance genes were studied by PCR and Sanger sequencing. From all samples, 122 (91.7%), 258 (77%), and 146 (48.3%) samples were positive for 3GC-R E. coli in the animal, food, and human components, respectively. Most of the isolates (472/526, 89.7%) presented MDR phenotypes. The ESBL blaCTX-M-55, blaCTX-M-3, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-65, blaCTX-M-27, and blaCTX-M-14 were the most prevalent ESBL genes while blaCMY-2 was the only AmpC detected gene. The mcr-1 gene was found in 20 (16.4%), 26 (10.1%), and 3 (2.1%) of isolates from animal, food, and human components, respectively. The implication of poultry products in the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC and mcr genes in 3GC-R must be considered in the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance.

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Silver Resistance Genes Are Overrepresented among Escherichia coli Isolates with CTX-M Production

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01803-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 80 (22) ◽

pp. 6863-6869 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Susanne Sütterlin ◽

Petra Edquist ◽

Linus Sandegren ◽

Marlen Adler ◽

Thomas Tängdén ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Selective Pressure ◽

Human Origin ◽

Content Type ◽

Beta Lactamases ◽

E Coli ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases ◽

M 14

ABSTRACTMembers of theEnterobacteriaceaewith extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) of the CTX-M type have disseminated rapidly in recent years and have become a threat to public health. In parallel with the CTX-M type expansion, the consumption and widespread use of silver-containing products has increased. To determine the carriage rates of silver resistance genes in differentEscherichia colipopulations, the presence of three silver resistance genes (silE,silP, andsilS) and genes encoding CTX-M-, TEM-, and SHV-type enzymes were explored inE. coliisolates of human (n= 105) and avian (n= 111) origin. The antibiotic profiles were also determined. Isolates harboring CTX-M genes were further characterized, and phenotypic silver resistance was examined. ThesilEgene was present in 13 of the isolates. All of them were of human origin. Eleven of these isolates harbored ESBLs of the CTX-M type (P= 0.007), and eight of them were typed as CTX-M-15 and three as CTX-M-14. None of thesilE-positive isolates was related to the O25b-ST131 clone, but 10 out of 13 belonged to the ST10 or ST58 complexes. Phenotypic silver resistance (silver nitrate MIC > 512 mg/liter) was observed after silver exposure in 12 of them, and a concomitant reduced susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam developed in three. In conclusion, 12% of the humanE. coliisolates but none of the avian isolates harbored silver resistance genes. This indicates another route for or level of silver exposure for humans than that caused by common environmental contamination. SincesilE-positive isolates were significantly more often found in CTX-M-positive isolates, it is possible that silver may exert a selective pressure on CTX-M-producingE. coliisolates.

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Complete Nucleotide Sequence of Plasmid pTN48, Encoding the CTX-M-14 Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase from anEscherichia coliO102-ST405 Strain

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01108-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 1270-1273 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Typhaine Billard-Pomares ◽

Olivier Tenaillon ◽

Hervé Le Nagard ◽

Zoé Rouy ◽

Stéphane Cruveiller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Complete Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Phylogenetic Group ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Group D ◽

Replicon Type ◽

M 14

ABSTRACTThe sequence of pTN48, a plasmid of the FII-FIB replicon type that encodes a CTX-M-14 enzyme in anEscherichia colistrain of the phylogenetic group D2O102-ST405 clone, was determined. pTN48 is, for the most part, a mosaic of virulence, antibiotic resistance, and addiction system modules found in various other plasmids. The presence of multiple addiction systems indicates that the plasmid should be stably maintained in theE. coliclone, favoring dissemination of the CTX-M-14 enzyme.

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Avian [beta]-defensins as antimicrobial and immunomodulatory agents

10.32469/10355/68953 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Ming Yang

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cells ◽

Antimicrobial Peptides ◽

Animal Health ◽

Host Cells ◽

Manufacturing Cost ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Immature Dendritic Cells ◽

Beta Defensins

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistance and lack of effective antibiotics pose a serious threat to animal health and public health. Host antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) show broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against various microbes with low potential for resistance development, compared to conventional antibiotics, indicating great potentials as therapeutic agents. Despite such promise, several limitations hinder the application of AMPs in the clinic, including high manufacturing cost, cytotoxicity, and stability in physiological conditions. New strategies are needed to solve those problems for their application. Avian beta-defensins (AvBD) are small, cationic, antimicrobial peptides. The potential application of AvBDs as antibiotic alternatives against antibiotic-resistant and zoonotic bacterial pathogens has been the subject of interest. In the first study, the biological functions of two AvBDs, AvBD-6 and AvBD-12, were determined under various experimental conditions. The results showed that AvBD-6 (+7) was more potent than AvBD-12 (+1) against E. coli, S. Typhimurium, and S. aureus as well as clinical isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The antibacterial activity of AvBDs was greatly compromised under physiological salt concentrations. Both AvBDs demonstrated mild chemotactic property for chicken macrophages and AvBD-12, at relatively high concentrations, could also induce the migration of murine immature dendritic cells. The chemotactic property required the presence of chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) on host cells and the conserved disulfide bridges of the peptides. The two AvBDs were nontoxic to CHO-K1, macrophages, or immature dendritic cells.

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