scholarly journals Transcriptomic Signatures of Airway Epithelium Infected With SARS-CoV-2: A Balance Between Anti-infection and Virus Load

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingzhang Meng ◽  
Houji Qin ◽  
Jingjie Zhao ◽  
Siyuan He ◽  
Qiuju Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Lung Epithelial ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Transcriptome Expression ◽  
The Relationship

COVID-19 pneumonia requires effective medical therapies. However, it is a challenge to find therapeutic drugs that not only inhibit viral replication, but also inhibit the accompanying cytokine storm and maintain an appropriate immune response. In this study, the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on gene expression in lung epithelial cells from patients with COVID-19 were systematically evaluated with bioinformatics analysis methods. Transcriptome expression specific to bystander (exposed but uninfected) and infected cells were found, and the vital pathways were identified by conducting differentially expressed gene analysis regarding the relationship between gene signatures of COVID-19 infection and disease severity. We found that a high viral load did not necessarily imply a low response of epithelial cells or a poor disease convalescence. The ability to distinguish the role of virus-correlated genes facilitates the development of potential new medicines and therapies for COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Necrosis of Lung Epithelial Cells during Infection withMycobacterium tuberculosis Is Preceded by Cell Permeation

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 6300-6310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Dobos ◽  
Ellen A. Spotts ◽  
Frederick D. Quinn ◽  
C. Harold King
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
A549 Cell ◽  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lung Epithelial ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Cellular Necrosis ◽  
Ldh Release

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium tuberculosis establishes infection, progresses towards disease, and is transmitted from the alveolus of the lung. However, the role of the alveolar epithelium in any of these pathogenic processes of tuberculosis is unclear. In this study, lung epithelial cells (A549) were used as a model in which to examine cytotoxicity during infection with either virulent or avirulent mycobacteria in order to further establish the role of the lung epithelium during tuberculosis. Infection of A549 cells with M. tuberculosis strains Erdman and CDC1551 demonstrated significant cell monolayer clearing, whereas infection with eitherMycobacterium bovis BCG or Mycobacterium smegmatis LR222 did not. Clearing of M. tuberculosis-infected A549 cells correlated to necrosis, not apoptosis. Treatment of M. tuberculosis-infected A549 cells with streptomycin, but not cycloheximide, demonstrated a significant reduction in the necrosis of A549 cell monolayers. This mycobacterium-induced A549 necrosis did not correlate to higher levels of intracellular or extracellular growth by the mycobacteria during infection. Staining of infected cells with propidium iodide demonstrated that M. tuberculosis induced increased permeation of A549 cell membranes within 24 h postinfection. Quantitation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from infected cells further demonstrated that cell permeation was specific to M. tuberculosis infection and correlated to A549 cellular necrosis. Inactivated M. tuberculosis or its subcellular fractions did not result in A549 necrosis or LDH release. These studies demonstrate that lung epithelial cell cytotoxicity is specific to infection by virulent mycobacteria and is caused by cellular necrosis. This necrosis is not a direct correlate of mycobacterial growth or of the expression of host cell factors, but is preceded by permeation of the A549 cell membrane and requires infection with live bacilli.

MC1568 inhibits HDAC6/8 activity and influenza A virus replication in lung epithelial cells: role of Hsp90 acetylation

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (17) ◽  
pp. 2017-2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Panella ◽  
Maria Elena Marcocci ◽  
Ignacio Celestino ◽  
Sergio Valente ◽  
Clemens Zwergel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lung Epithelial

scholarly journals HIV-1 Productively Infects and Integrates in Bronchial Epithelial Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Devadoss ◽  
Shashi P. Singh ◽  
Arpan Acharya ◽  
Kieu Chinh Do ◽  
Palsamy Periyasamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Bronchial Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Hiv Reservoirs ◽  
Bronchial Epithelial ◽  
Lung Epithelial ◽  
Hiv 1

BackgroundThe role of lung epithelial cells in HIV-1-related lung comorbidities remains unclear, and the major hurdle in curing HIV is the persistence of latent HIV reservoirs in people living with HIV (PLWH). The advent of combined antiretroviral therapy has considerably increased the life span; however, the incidence of chronic lung diseases is significantly higher among PLWH. Lung epithelial cells orchestrate the respiratory immune responses and whether these cells are productively infected by HIV-1 is debatable.MethodsNormal human bronchial epithelial cells (NHBEs) grown on air–liquid interface were infected with X4-tropic HIV-1LAV and examined for latency using latency-reversing agents (LRAs). The role of CD4 and CXCR4 HIV coreceptors in NHBEs were tested, and DNA sequencing analysis was used to analyze the genomic integration of HIV proviral genes, Alu-HIVgag-pol, HIV-nef, and HIV-LTR. Lung epithelial sections from HIV-infected humans and SHIV-infected macaques were analyzed by FISH for HIV-gag-pol RNA and epithelial cell-specific immunostaining.Results and DiscussionNHBEs express CD4 and CXCR4 at higher levels than A549 cells. NHBEs are infected with HIV-1 basolaterally, but not apically, by X4-tropic HIV-1LAV in a CXCR4/CD4-dependent manner leading to HIV-p24 antigen production; however, NHBEs are induced to express CCR5 by IL-13 treatment. In the presence of cART, HIV-1 induces latency and integration of HIV provirus in the cellular DNA, which is rescued by the LRAs (endotoxin/vorinostat). Furthermore, lung epithelial cells from HIV-infected humans and SHIV-infected macaques contain HIV-specific RNA transcripts. Thus, lung epithelial cells are targeted by HIV-1 and could serve as potential HIV reservoirs that may contribute to the respiratory comorbidities in PLWH.

scholarly journals Role of protein kinase C in cytokine secretion by lung epithelial cells during infection withParacoccidioides brasiliensis

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. ftv045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Alcantara ◽  
Paloma Korehisa Maza ◽  
Bianca Carla Silva Campitelli Barros ◽  
Erika Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cytokine Secretion ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Lung Epithelial

Expression and role of E- and P-cadherin adhesion molecules in embryonic histogenesis. I. Lung epithelial morphogenesis

Development ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Hirai ◽  
A. Nose ◽  
S. Kobayashi ◽  
M. Takeichi
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Early Developmental Stage ◽  
Subtle Effect ◽  
Lung Epithelial ◽  
Cell Cell

The role of Ca2+-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecules, E- and P-cadherins, in the histogenesis of mouse embryonic lung was studied. All epithelial cells of the lung express both E- and P-cadherin at the early developmental stage. P-cadherin, however, gradually disappears during development, initially from the main bronchi and eventually from all epithelial cells. When a monoclonal antibody to E-cadherin (ECCD-1) was added to monolayer cultures of lung epithelial cells, it induced a partial disruption of their cell-cell adhesion, while a monoclonal antibody to P-cadherin (PCD-1) showed a subtle effect. A mixture of the two antibodies, however, displayed a synergistic effect. We then tested the effect of the antibodies on the morphogenesis of lung primordia using an organ culture system. In control media, the explants formed typical bronchial trees. In the presence of ECCD-1, the explants grew up at the same rate as in the control, but their morphogenesis was affected. The control explants formed round epithelial lobules with an open luminal space at the tips of the bronchial trees, whereas the lobules of explants incubated with ECCD-1 tended to be flat and devoid of the luminal space. PCD-1 showed a similar but very small effect. A mixture of the two antibodies, however, showed a stronger effect: the branching of epithelia was partially suppressed and the arrangement of epithelial cells was distorted in many places. These results suggest that E- and P-cadherin have a synergistic role in the organization of epithelial cells in lung morphogenesis.

scholarly journals The NS1 Protein of Influenza A Virus Blocks RIG-I-Mediated Activation of the Noncanonical NF-κB Pathway and p52/RelB-Dependent Gene Expression in Lung Epithelial Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (18) ◽  
pp. 10211-10217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Rückle ◽  
Emanuel Haasbach ◽  
Ilkka Julkunen ◽  
Oliver Planz ◽  
Christina Ehrhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Ns1 Protein ◽  
Antiviral Immune Response ◽  
Lung Epithelial ◽  
Infected Cells

Influenza A virus (IAV) infection of epithelial cells activates NF-κB transcription factors via the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway, which modulates both the antiviral immune response and viral replication. Since almost nothing is known so far about a function of noncanonical NF-κB signaling after IAV infection, we tested infected cells for activation of p52 and RelB. We show that the viral NS1 protein strongly inhibits RIG-I-mediated noncanonical NF-κB activation and expression of the noncanonical target gene CCL19.

scholarly journals Role of human neutrophil peptides in the initial interaction between lung epithelial cells and CD4+lymphocytes

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1022-1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna Vaschetto ◽  
Jonathan Grinstein ◽  
Lorenzo Del Sorbo ◽  
Aye Aye Khine ◽  
Stefanos Voglis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Human Neutrophil ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lung Epithelial ◽  
Initial Interaction ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocytes

The Potential Role of Lung Epithelial Cells and β-defensins in Experimental Latent Tuberculosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 448-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rivas-Santiago ◽  
J. C. L. Contreras ◽  
E. Sada ◽  
R. Hernández-Pando
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Lung Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lung Epithelial
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