scholarly journals Genetic Structure in Populations of Euterpe precatoria Mart. in the Brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Linorio Ferreyra Ramos ◽  
Gabriel Dequigiovanni ◽  
Maria Teresa Gomes Lopes ◽  
Ananda Virginia de Aguiar ◽  
Ricardo Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
The State ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Palm Tree

Euterpe precatoria is a palm tree belonging to the Arecaceae family, occurring in Western and Central Brazilian Amazonia. Its fruit, which is very appreciated in the Amazon region, produces pulp that is consumed in fresh form. Its production is carried out almost exclusively by extractive farmers. In order to establish adequate strategies to sustain this genetic resource, we need knowledge about the diversity and genetic structure in natural populations. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of geographic distance on genetic structure in the main extractive populations of E. precatoria in the Brazilian Amazon. Leaves from 377 plants were collected in 19 populations located in 16 municipalities in the State of Amazonas and three in the State of Rondônia. Twelve microsatellite loci were used to genotype the plants. The diversity and genetic structure among populations were estimated. The average number of alleles per locus was 5.97. The observed heterozygosity means (HO) were higher than expected (HE) at the population level (HO = 0.72, HE = 0.66) and fixation index (f = -0.100) was negative. The FST value (0.1820) and the AMOVA results (Φ = 0.1796) showed population structure. The populations were clustered into three groups (K = 3) in the Bayesian analysis. The Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) confirmed eight clusters, with the populations close to those identified by the Bayesian analysis. The geographic differentiation was confirmed by the groupings obtained in the Structure analysis and the DACP function. Information related to phenotypic, genetic and environmental characterization of populations is important to guide conservation and management strategies and the formulation of public species management policies in Amazonia.

scholarly journals Extractivism of palm tree fruits: A risky activity because of snakebites in the state of Acre, Western Brazilian Amazon

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ageane Mota da Silva ◽  
Jacqueline Sachett ◽  
Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Bernarde
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
The State ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Tree Fruits

scholarly journals Population Genetic Diversity and Structure of an Endangered Salicaceae Species in Northeast China: Chosenia arbutifolia (Pall.) A. Skv.

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1282
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Zhongyi Jiao ◽  
Jiwei Zheng ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Baosong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Landscape Genomics ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Chosenia Arbutifolia

Chosenia arbutifolia (Pall.) A. Skv. is a unique and endangered species belonging to the Salicaceae family. It has great potential for ornamental and industrial use. However, human interference has led to a decrease in and fragmentation of its natural populations in the past two decades. To effectively evaluate, utilize, and conserve available resources, the genetic diversity and population structure of C. arbutifolia were analyzed in this study. A total of 142 individuals from ten provenances were sampled and sequenced. Moderate diversity was detected among these, with a mean expected heterozygosity and Shannon’s Wiener index of 0.3505 and 0.5258, respectively. The inbreeding coefficient was negative, indicating a significant excess of heterozygotes. The fixation index varied from 0.0068 to 0.3063, showing a varied genetic differentiation between populations. Analysis of molecular variance demonstrated that differentiation accounted for 82.23% of the total variation among individuals, while the remaining 17.77% variation was between populations. Furthermore, the results of population structure analysis indicated that the 142 individuals originated from three primitive groups. To provide genetic information and help design conservation and management strategies, landscape genomics analysis was performed by investigating loci associated with environmental variables. Eighteen SNP markers were associated with altitude and annual average temperature, of which five were ascribed with specific functions. In conclusion, the current study furthers the understanding of C. arbutifolia genetic architecture and provides insights for germplasm protection.

scholarly journals Fine-scale genetic structure of the overwintering Chilo suppressalis in the typical bivoltine areas of northern China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243999
Author(s):  
Ke-Xin Zhu ◽  
Shan Jiang ◽  
Lei Han ◽  
Ming-Ming Wang ◽  
Xing-Ya Wang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Chilo Suppressalis

The rice stem borer (RSB), Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is an important agricultural pest that has caused serious economic losses in the major rice-producing areas of China. To effectively control this pest, we investigated the genetic diversity, genetic differentiation and genetic structure of 16 overwintering populations in the typical bivoltine areas of northern China based on 12 nuclear microsatellite loci. Moderate levels of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation among the studied populations were detected. Neighbour-joining dendrograms, Bayesian clustering and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) consistently divided these populations into three genetic clades: western, eastern and northern/central. Isolation by distance (IBD) and spatial autocorrelation analyses demonstrated no correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance. Bottleneck analysis illustrated that RSB populations had not undergone severe bottleneck effects in these regions. Accordingly, our results provide new insights into the genetic relationships of overwintering RSB populations and thus contribute to developing effective management strategies for this pest.

scholarly journals Genetic Structure of Natural Populations of Wild Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) in Australia

1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Dry ◽  
JJ Burdon
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
New South ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Fixation Indices ◽  
O 19 ◽  
Isozyme Diversity

The genetic structure of 11 wild populations of H. annuus occurring in New South Wales and Queensland was determined by isozyme analysis. Considerable isozyme diversity was found among loci within and between populations, with three to five alleles being identified at each of 10 loci. Mean levels of heterozygosity ranged from o� 19 to O� 38 and gene diversity values from 0�29 to O� 52. In all populations Wright's fixation indices were positive (0�09-0� 51) suggesting a degree of inbreeding. Differences in the level of genetic differentiation between populations were not correlated with geographic distance. Indeed, notable genetic diversity was detected between six sites occurring within a 2-km radius of Gunnedah, N.S.W., where the genetic distance relationships were D = 0�13 � 0'08, the same as those between popUlations throughout the region.

Population genetic structure andWolbachiainfection in an endangered butterfly,Zizina emelina(Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae), in Japan

2014 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Sakamoto ◽  
N. Hirai ◽  
T. Tanikawa ◽  
M. Yago ◽  
M. Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Migratory Activity ◽  
Dna Analyses ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Male Killer

AbstractZizina emelina(de l'Orza) is listed on Japan's Red Data List as an endangered species because of loss of its principal food plant and habitat. We compared parts of the mitochondrial and nuclear genes of this species to investigate the level of genetic differentiation among the 14 extant populations. We also examined infection of the butterfly with the bacteriumWolbachiato clarify the bacterium's effects on the host population's genetic structure. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA analyses revealed that haplotype composition differed significantly among most of the populations, and the fixation indexFSTwas positively correlated with geographic distance. In addition, we found three strains ofWolbachia, one of which was a male killer; these strains were prevalent in several populations. There was linkage between some host mitochondrial haplotypes and the threeWolbachiastrains, although no significant differences were found in a comparison of host mitochondrial genetic diversity with nuclear genetic diversity inWolbachia-infected or -uninfected populations. These genetic analyses andWolbachiainfection findings show thatZ. emelinahas little migratory activity and that little gene flow occurs among the current populations.

scholarly journals The Asian plethodontid salamander preserves historical genetic imprints of recent northern expansion

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong Yoon Jeon ◽  
Ji-hwa Jung ◽  
Ho Young Suk ◽  
Hang Lee ◽  
Mi-Sook Min
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Plethodontid Salamander ◽  
Salamander Species

AbstractThe Korean Peninsula, located at the southern tip of Northeast Asia, has never been covered by ice sheets and was a temperate refugium during the Pleistocene. Karsenia koreana, the sole Asian plethodontid salamander species, occurs only on the southern half of the Korean Peninsula and is thought to have found various climatic refugia. Despite its phylogenetic and biogeographic importance, no population-level genetic analysis has been performed on this species. Here we study the population genetic structure of K. koreana using mitochondrial and microsatellite loci to understand the recent historical dispersion process that shaped its current distribution. Overall, the genetic distance between populations correlated well with the spatial distance, and the genetic structure among populations showed signs of a unilateral northward expansion from a southernmost refugium population. Given the distinct genetic structure formed among the populations, the level of historical gene flow among populations appears to have been very low. As the estimated effective population size of K. koreana was also small, these results suggest that the small, restricted populations of K. koreana are extremely vulnerable to environmental changes that may require high levels of genetic diversity to cope with. Thus, special management strategies are needed to preserve these remnant populations.

scholarly journals Genetic structure of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) population in the area of Great War Island

Genetika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Maksimovic ◽  
Dijana Cortan ◽  
Vladan Ivetic ◽  
Mladenovic Drinic ◽  
Mirjana Sijacic-Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Populus Nigra ◽  
Fixation Index ◽  
Great War ◽  
Black Poplar ◽  
Starting Point

The genetic structure of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) populations in the area of Great War Island (GWI) was studied at the level of 30 genotypes, based on microsatellite molecular markers (SSR). Eleven polymorphic SSR loci were used for analysis of intarpopulation genetic variability. Observed and expected heterozygosity in studied population were high (0.70 and 0.82). The fixation index calculated for single locus ranged from -0.055 (PMGC_14) up to 0.424 (PMGC_2607), while the mean value was 0.143. Deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) differed between single loci. Stabile genetic structure and satisfactory level of genetic variability that have been determined at the population level represent a good starting point for conservation and sustainable use of the available gene pool and further breeding of this species.

scholarly journals Genetic structure of natural populations of Cryptocarya moschata Nees (Lauraceae) from southeastern Brazilian Atlantic rain forest

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Luís Rodrigues de Moraes ◽  
Maria Teresa Vitral de Carvalho Derbyshire
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Atlantic Rain Forest ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Allozyme Loci

This study was accomplished on a more comprehensive basis to evaluate previous questions that were raised from a preliminary article about the genetic structure of Cryptocarya moschata populations. Thus, through the analysis of 40 polymorphic allozyme loci, allele frequencies were estimated from 335 individuals of 11 natural populations of C. moschata from six hydrographic basins of São Paulo state and Serra da Estrela, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Estimates of Wright's F statistics were done through the analysis of variance, presenting average values of <img border=0 width=32 height=32 id="_x0000_i1026" src="../../../../../../img/revistas/bn/v4n1/img/a04car(f).jpg" align=absmiddle > or = 0.352, <img border=0 width=32 height=32 id="_x0000_i1027" src="../../../../../../img/revistas/bn/v4n1/img/a04car(0p).jpg" align=absmiddle > or = 0.285 and <img border=0 width=32 height=32 id="_x0000_i1028" src="../../../../../../img/revistas/bn/v4n1/img/a04car(f2).jpg" align=absmiddle > or = 0.097. These results indicated that individuals within populations must be panmitic, and that the diversity among populations is fairly high, being superior to what would be expected for groups of plants having a full-sib family structure. From estimates of <img border=0 width=32 height=32 id="_x0000_i1029" src="../../../../../../img/revistas/bn/v4n1/img/a04car(0p).jpg" align=absmiddle>obtained for populations taken two at a time, the model of isolation by distance was tested; data did not fit the model, showing that <img border=0 width=32 height=32 id="_x0000_i1030" src="../../../../../../img/revistas/bn/v4n1/img/a04car(0p).jpg" align=absmiddle>did not increase by the respective increasing of the geographic distance. The estimated gene flow of 0.55 migrants per generation corroborated the pronounced populational differentiation, indicating that drift effects should be more important than the selection ones. The effective population sizes found from the sampled populations showed that there was an adequate genetic representativeness of the samples for those with relatively low values of <img border=0 width=32 height=32 id="_x0000_i1031" src="../../../../../../img/revistas/bn/v4n1/img/a04car(f2).jpg" align=absmiddle>. Though, under a metapopulation context, the effective population size was 17.07 individuals, indicating that sampling performed for the species corresponded to 88.44% of the maximum effective size obtained from 11 populations with a <img border=0 width=32 height=32 id="_x0000_i1032" src="../../../../../../img/revistas/bn/v4n1/img/a04car(0p).jpg" align=absmiddle>of 0.285, equivalent to only 5.09% individuals for the total sampled. Management and conservation strategies aimed at preserving high intrapopulation genetic variation in C. moschata would imply in the maintenance of populations with great number of individuals. Moreover, for the preservation of the species as a whole, the maintenance of many such populations would be mandatorily recommended, which denotes that the conservation of large areas of Atlantic rain forest should be necessary to hold its evolutionary dynamics.

scholarly journals Environmental differences explain subtle yet detectable genetic structure in a widespread pollinator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Glück ◽  
Julia C. Geue ◽  
Henri A. Thomassen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Bayesian Clustering ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Isolation By Environment

Background: The environment is a strong driver of genetic structure in many natural populations, yet often neglected in population genetic studies. This may be a particular problem in vagile species, where subtle structure cannot be explained by limitations to dispersal. These species might falsely be considered panmictic and hence potentially mismanaged. Here we analysed the genetic structure in an economically important and widespread pollinator, the buff-tailed bumble bee (Bombus terrestris), which is considered to be quasi-panmictic at mainland continental scales. We first quantified population structure in Romania and Bulgaria with spatially implicit Fst and Bayesian clustering analyses. We then incorporated environmental information to infer the influence of the permeability of the habitat matrix between populations (resistance distances) as well as environmental differences among sites in explaining population divergence. Results: Genetic structure of the buff-tailed bumble bee was subtle and not detected by Bayesian clustering. As expected, geographic distance and habitat permeability were not informative in explaining the spatial pattern of genetic divergence. Yet, environmental variables related to temperature, vegetation and topography were highly informative, explaining between 33 and 39% of the genetic variation observed. Conclusions: Where in the past spatially implicit approaches had repeatedly failed, incorporating environmental data proved to be highly beneficial in detecting and unravelling the drivers of genetic structure in this vagile and opportunistic species. Indeed, structure followed a pattern of isolation by environment, where the establishment of dispersers is limited by environmental differences among populations, resulting in the disruption of genetic connectivity and the divergence of populations through genetic drift and divergent natural selection. With this work, we highlight the potential of incorporating environmental differences among population locations to complement the more traditional approach of isolation by geographic distance, in order to obtain a holistic understanding of the processes driving structure in natural populations.

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