scholarly journals Toxicity Going Nano: Ionic Versus Engineered Cu Nanoparticles Impacts on the Physiological Fitness of the Model Diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Franzitta ◽  
Eduardo Feijão ◽  
Maria Teresa Cabrita ◽  
Carla Gameiro ◽  
Ana Rita Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Marine Diatom ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Growth Physiology ◽  
Physiological Fitness ◽  
Omega 6

Increasing input of Metal Engineered Nano Particles (MeENPs) in marine ecosystems has raised concerns about their potential toxicity on phytoplankton. Given the lack of knowledge on MeENPs impact on these important primary producers, the effects of Copper Oxide (CuO) ENPs on growth, physiology, pigment profiles, fatty acid (FA) metabolism, and oxidative stress were investigated in the model diatom Pheodactylum tricornutum, to provide suitable biomarkers of CuO ENP exposure versus its ionic counterpart. Diatom growth was inhibited by CuO ENPs but not Ionic Cu, suggesting CuO ENP cytotoxicity. Pulse Modulated Amplitude (PAM) phenotyping evidenced a decrease in the electron transport energy flux, pointing to a reduction in chemical energy generation following CuO ENPs exposure, as well as an increase in the content of the non-functional Cu-substituted chlorophyll a (CuChl a). A significant decrease in eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5) associated with a significant rise in thylakoid membranes FAs reflected the activation of counteractive measures to photosynthetic impairment. Significant increase in the omega 6/omega 3 ratio, underline expectable negative repercussions to marine food webs. Increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances reflected heightened oxidative stress by CuO ENP. Enhanced Glutathione Reductase and Ascorbate Peroxidase activity were also more evident for CuO ENPs than ionic Cu. Overall, observed molecular changes highlighted a battery of possible suitable biomarkers to efficiently determine the harmful effects of CuO ENPs. The results suggest that the occurrence and contamination of these new forms of metal contaminants can impose added stress to the marine diatom community, which could have significant impacts on marine ecosystems, namely through a reduction of the primary productivity, oxygen production and omega 6 production, all essential to sustain heterotrophic marine life.

scholarly journals The Roles of Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and the Gut-Brain Axis in Treatment Refractory Depression in Youth: Complementary and Integrative Medicine Interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah R. Simkin ◽  
L. Eugene Arnold ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Methyl Donors ◽  
Refractory Depression ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Teen depression and suicide rates have risen despite conventional treatments. This article reviews adjunctive interventions that may improve outcomes. A search of the National Library of Medicine database used tailored searches with combinations of specific terms. Modern lifestyle is associated with increased inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to, for instance, hyperactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which promotes depression. Inflammation also increases oxidative stress, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, also associated with depression. Diets with less probiotic-containing fermented foods change the microbiome and decrease the bio-availability of mood-regulating B vitamins crucial to neurotransmitter production. Vitamin D deficiency allows increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and disrupts mitochondrial function and monoamine production. Deficiencies/insufficiencies of magnesium, Vitamin D, and B vitamins correlate with depression severity. Deficiencies of the folate and methylation cycles may lead to treatment-resistant depression. Imbalance of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid intake allows more pro-inflammatory eicosanoids (prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes) from omega-6 than anti-inflammatory eicosanoids from omega-3. Refractory youth depression may be linked to abnormalities in functional biological systems, with excessive inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut-brain issues. Mediterranean diet, vitamins/minerals, omega-3 fatty acids, methyl donors, meditation, and exercise are worth considering as adjunctive treatments. More research is needed.

Aluminium-Induced Behavioral Changes and Oxidative Stress in Developing Rat Brain and the Possible Ameliorating Role of Omega-6/Omega-3 Ratio

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imene Benyettou ◽  
Omar Kharoubi ◽  
Nouria Hallal ◽  
Hadj Ali Benyettou ◽  
Kaddour Tair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Developing Rat ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress in Endurance Cycling Is Reduced Dose-Dependently after One Month of Re-Esterified DHA Supplementation

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Lydia de Salazar ◽  
Antonio Torregrosa-García ◽  
Antonio J. Luque-Rubia ◽  
Vicente Ávila-Gandía ◽  
Joan Carles Domingo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant ◽  
Dose Dependent

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation can reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress generated during long aerobic exercise, with the minimum dose yet to be elucidated for physically active subjects. In this study, we performed a dose finding with re-esterified DHA in triglyceride form in a randomized double-blind parallel trial at different doses (350, 1050, 1750, and 2450 mg a day) for 4 weeks in males engaged in regular cycling (n = 100, 7.6 ± 3.7 h/week). The endogenous antioxidant capacity of DHA was quantified as a reduction in the levels of the oxidative stress marker 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) recollected in 24-h urine samples after 90 min of constant load cycling before and after intervention. To ascertain incorporation of DHA, erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition was compared along groups. We found a dose-dependent antioxidant capacity of DHA from 1050 mg with a trend to neutralization for the highest dose of 2450 mg (placebo: n = 13, F = 0.041; 350 mg: n = 10, F = 0.268; 1050 mg: n = 11, F = 7.112; 1750 mg: n = 12, F = 9.681; 2450 mg: n = 10, F = 15.230). In the erythrocyte membrane, the re-esterified DHA increased DHA and omega-3 percentage and decreased omega 6 and the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio, while Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and PUFA remained unchanged. Supplementation of re-esterified DHA exerts a dose-dependent endogenous antioxidant property against moderate-intensity long-duration aerobic exercise in physically active subjects when provided at least 1050 mg a day for 4 weeks.

Fighting Oxidative Stress: Increased Resistance of Male Rat Cerebellum at Weaning Induced by Low Omega 6/Omega 3 Ratio in a Protein-Deficient Diet

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricielle Lopes Augusto ◽  
Alinny Rosendo Isaac ◽  
Ivanildo Inácio da Silva-Júnior ◽  
David Filipe de Santana ◽  
Diorginis José Soares Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Rat Cerebellum ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet

scholarly journals 4-Hydroxy-2,3-nonenal as a signal for cell function and differentiation.

1999 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M U Dianzani ◽  
G Barrera ◽  
M Parola
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Clinical Conditions

4-Hydroxy-2,3-nonenal (HNE) is a biologically active aldehydic end product of oxidative decomposition of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids of membrane phospholipids, a process referred to as lipid peroxidation. HNE has been detected in several experimental and clinical conditions in which oxidative stress has been reported to occur and several authors have suggested that HNE and related 4-hydroxy-2,3-alkenals (HAKs) of different chain length may act not only as toxic and mutagenic mediators of oxidative stress-related injury but also as biological signals in normal and pathological conditions. In this paper we will review the literature supporting the concept that HNE and HAKs may act as signal molecules able to modulate biological events such as chemotaxis, signal transduction, gene expression, cell proliferation and cell differentiation.

scholarly journals Clinical and Molecular-Genetic Insights into the Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy: Antioxidant Strategies and Future Avenues

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1101
Author(s):  
Silvia M. Sanz-González ◽  
José J. García-Medina ◽  
Vicente Zanón-Moreno ◽  
María I. López-Gálvez ◽  
David Galarreta-Mira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Periodic Evaluation

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and ROS-signaling pathways activation attack the eyes. We evaluated the oxidative stress (OS) and the effects of a daily, core nutritional supplement regimen containing antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids (A/ω3) in type 2 diabetics (T2DM). A case-control study was carried out in 480 participants [287 T2DM patients with (+)/without (−) diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 193 healthy controls (CG)], randomly assigned to a daily pill of A/ω3. Periodic evaluation through 38 months allowed to outline patient characteristics, DR features, and classic/OS blood parameters. Statistics were performed by the SPSS 24.0 program. Diabetics displayed significantly higher circulating pro-oxidants (p = 0.001) and lower antioxidants (p = 0.0001) than the controls. Significantly higher plasma malondialdehyde/thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (MDA/TBARS; p = 0.006) and lower plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC; p = 0.042) and vitamin C (0.020) was found in T2DM + DR versus T2DM-DR. The differential expression profile of solute carrier family 23 member 2 (SLC23A2) gene was seen in diabetics versus the CG (p = 0.001), and in T2DM + DR versus T2DM − DR (p < 0.05). The A/ω3 regime significantly reduced the pro-oxidants (p < 0.05) and augmented the antioxidants (p < 0.05). This follow-up study supports that a regular A/ω3 supplementation reduces the oxidative load and may serve as a dietary prophylaxis/adjunctive intervention for patients at risk of diabetic blindness.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Markers and Antioxidant Enzymes in Children and Adolescents with Depressive Disorder and Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Randomised Clinical Trial

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1256
Author(s):  
Barbora Katrenčíková ◽  
Magdaléna Vaváková ◽  
Zuzana Paduchová ◽  
Zuzana Nagyová ◽  
Iveta Garaiova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Trolox Equivalent ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress (OS) is thought to play a role in mental disorders. However, it is not clear whether the OS is the cause or consequence of the disorder. We investigated markers of oxidative stress (8-isoprostane (8-IsoP-U), lipoperoxides (LP), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and nitrotyrosine (NT)) and antioxidant protection (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) in 60 paediatric and adolescent patients with depressive disorder (DD) compared to healthy controls. The patients were divided into two groups (1:1). One group received an emulsion of omega-3 fatty acid (FA), and the other group an emulsion of sunflower oil with omega-6 FA for 12 weeks. The levels of 8-IsoP-U, AOPP and NT were increased, and GPx activity was decreased in patients compared to the controls. We found a significant positive correlation of the Children’s Depression Inventory score with NT and a negative correlation with TEAC, SOD and GPx. NT correlated positively with the baseline omega-6/omega-3 FA ratio and a negatively with SOD. A supplementation with omega-3 FA, but not with omega-6 FA, decreased 8-IsoP-U, AOPP, NT levels and increased TEAC and SOD activity. Our results suggest that NT may play a role in the pathophysiology of DD, while elevated isoprostane is likely caused by the high omega-6/omega-3 FA ratio. Omega-3 FA supplementation reduces oxidative stress in patients with DD. This study was registered with the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN81655012).

scholarly journals Effect of fish oil on oxidative stress markers in patients with probable Alzheimer´s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Sánchez-Romero ◽  
Fermín P. Pacheco-Moisés ◽  
El Hafidi Mohammed ◽  
Mario A. Mireles-Ramírez ◽  
José A. Cruz-Serrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Membrane Fluidity ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Estrés Oxidativo ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Óxido Nítrico

High intake of omega-3 fatty acids has been associated with synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and memory in several experimental models. To assess the efficacy of fish oil supplementation on oxidative stress markers in patients diagnosed with probable Alzheimer´s disease (AD) we conducted a double blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial. AD patients who met the inclusive criteria were given fish oil (containing 0.45 g eicosapentaenoic acid and 1 g docosahexaenoic acid) or placebo daily for 12 months. Oxidative stress markers [lipoperoxides, nitric oxide catabolites levels, oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio, and membrane fluidity] and fatty acid profile in erythrocytes were assessed at enrollment, and 6 and 12 months after the start of the testing period. At the end of the trial, in patients who received fish oil, we detected a decrease in the omega 6/omega 3 ratio in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids. This change was parallel with decreases in plasma levels of lipoperoxides and nitric oxide catabolites. Conversely, the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione was significantly increased. In addition, membrane fluidity was increased significantly in plasma membrane samples. In conclusion fish oil administration has a beneficial effect in decreasing the levels of oxidative stress markers and improving the membrane fluidity in plasma. El alto consumo de ácidos grasos omega-3 se asocia con la plasticidad sináptica, neurogénesis y memoria en varios modelos experimentales. Para evaluar la eficacia de la suplementación con aceite de pescado en los marcadores de estrés oxidativo en pacientes con diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) probable realizamos un ensayo clínico doble ciego, aleatorizado, controlado con placebo. A los pacientes con la EA que cumplían los criterios de inclusión se les administró aceite de pescado (que contenía 0,45 g de ácido eicosapentaenoico y 1 g de ácido docosahexaenoico) o placebo diariamente durante 12 meses. Los marcadores de estrés oxidativo plasmático [niveles de lipoperóxidos y catabolitos del óxido nítrico, cociente de glutatión reducido a glutatiónoxidado) y fluidez de la membrana] y el perfil de ácidos grasos en los eritrocitos se evaluaron al inicio, 6 meses y alos 12 meses. Al final del ensayo, en pacientes que recibieron aceite de pescado detectamos una disminución en el cociente de ácidos grasos omega 6/omega 3 en los fosfolípidos de la membrana eritrocitaria. Este cambio ocurrió en paralelo a la disminución de los niveles plasmáticos de lipoperóxidos y catabolitos del óxido nítrico. Por el contrario, el cociente de glutatión reducido a glutatión oxidado se incrementó significativamente. Además, la fluidez de la membrana aumentó significativamente en las muestras analizadas. En conclusión, la administración de aceite de pescado tiene un efecto beneficioso al disminuir los niveles de marcadores de estrés oxidativo plasmático y mejorar la fluidez de la membrana plasmática.

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