scholarly journals Voxel-Wise Linearity Analysis of Increments and Decrements in BOLD Responses in Human Visual Cortex Using a Contrast Adaptation Paradigm

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Lin ◽  
Xi Zhou ◽  
Yuji Naya ◽  
Justin L. Gardner ◽  
Pei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Bold Signal ◽  
Transient Responses ◽  
Bold Fmri ◽  
Human Visual Cortex ◽  
Contrast Adaptation ◽  
Bold Responses

The linearity of BOLD responses is a fundamental presumption in most analysis procedures for BOLD fMRI studies. Previous studies have examined the linearity of BOLD signal increments, but less is known about the linearity of BOLD signal decrements. The present study assessed the linearity of both BOLD signal increments and decrements in the human primary visual cortex using a contrast adaptation paradigm. Results showed that both BOLD signal increments and decrements kept linearity to long stimuli (e.g., 3 s, 6 s), yet, deviated from linearity to transient stimuli (e.g., 1 s). Furthermore, a voxel-wise analysis showed that the deviation patterns were different for BOLD signal increments and decrements: while the BOLD signal increments demonstrated a consistent overestimation pattern, the patterns for BOLD signal decrements varied from overestimation to underestimation. Our results suggested that corrections to deviations from linearity of transient responses should consider the different effects of BOLD signal increments and decrements.

Characterizing nonlinear BOLD responses in human visual cortex

NeuroImage ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Tor D. Wager ◽  
Thomas E. Nichols ◽  
Richard Bryck ◽  
John Jonides ◽  
Edward E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Human Visual Cortex ◽  
Bold Responses

scholarly journals Postnatal Development of Onset Transient Responses in Macaque V1 and V2 Neurons

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 1476-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Earl L. Smith ◽  
Yuzo M. Chino
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Neuronal Firing ◽  
Transient Responses ◽  
Visual Cortical ◽  
Better Than

Vision of newborn infants is limited by immaturities in their visual brain. In adult primates, the transient onset discharges of visual cortical neurons are thought to be intimately involved with capturing the rapid succession of brief images in visual scenes. Here we sought to determine the responsiveness and quality of transient responses in individual neurons of the primary visual cortex (V1) and visual area 2 (V2) of infant monkeys. We show that the transient component of neuronal firing to 640-ms stationary gratings was as robust and as reliable as in adults only 2 wk after birth, whereas the sustained component was more sluggish in infants than in adults. Thus the cortical circuitry supporting onset transient responses is functionally mature near birth, and our findings predict that neonates, known for their “impoverished vision,” are capable of initiating relatively mature fixating eye movements and of performing in detection of simple objects far better than traditionally thought.

scholarly journals Cortical BOLD responses to moderate- and high-speed motion in the human visual cortex

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyriaki Mikellidou ◽  
Francesca Frijia ◽  
Domenico Montanaro ◽  
Vincenzo Greco ◽  
David C. Burr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Human Visual Cortex ◽  
Bold Responses

Measurement of visual sensitivity in migraine: Validation of two scales and correlation with visual cortex activation

Cephalalgia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 585-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Cucchiara ◽  
Ritobrato Datta ◽  
Geoffrey K Aguirre ◽  
Kimberly E Idoko ◽  
John Detre
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Visual Sensitivity ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Bold Signal ◽  
Visual Discomfort ◽  
Bold Fmri ◽  
Signal Change ◽  
And Control

Objective The objectives of this article are to compare interictal and ictal visual sensitivity between migraine and controls using two published questionnaires, and to correlate responses with a physiologic measure of visual cortex activation. Methods Migraine with (MWA, n = 51) and without (MwoA, n = 45) aura and control individuals ( n = 45) were enrolled and underwent BOLD fMRI with a visual stimulus. The visual discomfort score (VDS) assessed interictal and the migraine photophobia score (MPS) assessed ictal visual sensitivity. Result VDS was significantly higher both in MWA and MwoA vs controls (both p < 0.0001). MPS was greater in MWA vs MwoA ( p = 0.008). Ictal and interictal visual sensitivity strongly correlated in MWA ( p = 0.004) but not MwoA patients ( p = 0.12). BOLD activation in visual cortex was greater in MWA vs controls (2.7% vs 2.3%, p = 0.003) but similar between MwoA and controls. Increasing VDS was associated with greater BOLD signal change in MWA ( p = 0.03) but not MwoA ( p = 0.65) or controls ( p = 0.53). MPS did not correlate with BOLD activation in either group. Conclusion Increased interictal visual sensitivity is present both in MWA and MwoA. However, the correlation with ictal visual sensitivity and with cortical hyper-responsivity varies between MWA and MwoA, suggesting underlying differences between groups.

Spatial Scales of Orientation Selective BOLD Responses in the Human Visual Cortex

NeuroImage ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. S86
Author(s):  
JD Swisher ◽  
JC Gatenby ◽  
JC Gore ◽  
F Tong
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Human Visual Cortex ◽  
Bold Responses

scholarly journals Dissociated mean and functional connectivity BOLD signals in visual cortex during eyes closed and fixation

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (9) ◽  
pp. 2363-2372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark McAvoy ◽  
Linda Larson-Prior ◽  
Marek Ludwikow ◽  
Dongyang Zhang ◽  
Abraham Z. Snyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Extrastriate Cortex ◽  
Connected Components ◽  
Bold Signal ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Visual Areas

We investigated the effects of resting state type on blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal and functional connectivity in two paradigms: participants either alternated between fixation and eyes closed or maintained fixation or eyes closed throughout each scan. The BOLD signal and functional connectivity of lower and higher tiers of the visual cortical hierarchy were found to be differentially modulated during eyes closed versus fixation. Fixation was associated with greater mean BOLD signals in primary visual cortex and lower mean BOLD signals in extrastriate visual areas than periods of eyes closed. In addition, analysis of thalamocortical functional connectivity during scans in which participants maintained fixation showed synchronized BOLD fluctuations between those thalamic nuclei whose mean BOLD signal was systematically modulated during alternating epochs of eyes closed and fixation, primary visual cortex and the attention network, while during eyes closed negatively correlated fluctuations were seen between the same thalamic nuclei and extrastriate visual areas. Finally, in all visual areas the amplitude of spontaneous BOLD fluctuations was greater during eyes closed than during fixation. The dissociation between early and late tiers of visual cortex, which characterizes both mean and functionally connected components of the BOLD signal, may depend on the reorganization of thalamocortical networks. Since dissociated changes in local blood flow also characterize transitions between different stages of sleep and wakefulness (Braun AR, Balkin TJ, Wesenten NJ, Gwadry F, Carson RE, Varga M, Baldwin P, Belenky G, Herscovitch P. Science 279: 91–95, 1998), our results suggest that dissociated endogenous neural activity in primary and extrastriate cortex may represent a general aspect of brain function.

Orientation specificity of contrast adaptation in mouse primary visual cortex

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 1381-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron C. Stroud ◽  
Emily E. LeDue ◽  
Nathan A. Crowder
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Primary Visual Cortex ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Preferred Orientation ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Cortical Networks ◽  
Contrast Adaptation ◽  
Orientation Specificity

Contrast adaptation is a commonly studied phenomenon in vision, where prolonged exposure to spatial contrast alters perceived stimulus contrast and produces characteristic shifts in the contrast response functions of primary visual cortex neurons in cats and primates. In this study we investigated contrast adaptation in mouse primary visual cortex with two goals in mind. First, we sought to establish a quantitative description of contrast adaptation in an animal model, where genetic tools are more readily applicable to this phenomenon. Second, the orientation specificity of contrast adaptation was studied to comparatively assess the possible role of local cortical networks in contrast adaptation. In cats and primates, predictable differences in visual processing across the cortical surface are thought to be caused by inhomogeneous local network membership that arises from the pinwheel organization of orientation columns. Because mice lack this pinwheel organization, we predicted that local cortical networks would have access to a broad spectrum of orientation signals, and contrast adaptation in mice would not be specific to the recorded cell's preferred orientation. We found that most mouse V1 neurons showed contrast adaptation that was robust regardless of whether the adapting stimulus matched the cell's preferred orientation or was orthogonal to it.

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