RUN1 and REN1 Pyramiding in Grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Crimson Seedless) Displays an Improved Defense Response Leading to Enhanced Resistance to Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe necator)

BACKGROUND: Powdery mildew affects grapevine growth and development and reduces grapevine fruit yield and quality. Plant U-box (PUB) E3 ubiquitin ligases play important roles in ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated protein degradation during plant development and in the plant defense response. OBJECTIVE: We cloned the VvPUB17 gene from Vitis vinifera and analyzed that VvPUB17 enhanced the resistance of grapevine to powdery mildew through the SA signal pathway. METHODS: Pathogen inoculation of Arabidopsis thaliana and grapevine plants was carried out by the tableting method. Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Sequence analysis and in vitro ubiquitination experiments show the structure and characteristics of VvPUB17. Exogenous salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, ethylene and powdery mildew induced the expression of VvPUB17 in Arabidopsis leaves to verify the resistance of VvPUB17 to powdery mildew. RESULTS: Sequence analysis and in vitro ubiquitination experiments show that VvPUB17 contains U-box and Armadillo repeats (ARM repeat) and has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity dependent on the conserved U-box motif. Transgenic plants showed elevated levels of key genes related to the SA defense response pathway and high concentrations of salicylic acid. CONCLUSIONS: VvPUB17 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that enhances the resistance of grapes to powdery mildew through the SA signal pathway.

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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of VvMLO3 results in enhanced resistance to powdery mildew in grapevine (Vitis vinifera)

Horticulture Research ◽

10.1038/s41438-020-0339-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dong-Yan Wan ◽

Ye Guo ◽

Yuan Cheng ◽

Yang Hu ◽

Shunyuan Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Enhanced Resistance

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Construction of a high-density genetic map and detection of a major QTL of resistance to powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator Sch.) in Caucasian grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-03174-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tyrone Possamai ◽

Sabine Wiedemann-Merdinoglu ◽

Didier Merdinoglu ◽

Daniele Migliaro ◽

Gloria De Mori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Central Asia ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

High Density ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Resistance Locus ◽

Phenotypic Variance ◽

Mycelium Growth ◽

Erysiphe Necator

Abstract Background Vitis vinifera L. is the most cultivated grapevine species worldwide. Erysiphe necator Sch., the causal agent of grape powdery mildew, is one of the main pathogens affecting viticulture. V. vinifera has little or no genetic resistances against E. necator and the grape industry is highly dependent on agrochemicals. Some Caucasian V. vinifera accessions have been reported to be resistant to E. necator and to have no genetic relationships to known sources of resistance to powdery mildew. The main purpose of this work was the study and mapping of the resistance to E. necator in the Caucasian grapes ‘Shavtsitska’ and ‘Tskhvedianis tetra’. Results The Caucasian varieties ‘Shavtsitska’ and ‘Tskhvedianis tetra’ showed a strong partial resistance to E. necator which segregated in two cross populations: the resistant genotypes delayed and limited the pathogen mycelium growth, sporulation intensity and number of conidia generated. A total of 184 seedlings of ‘Shavtsitska’ x ‘Glera’ population were genotyped through the Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) technology and two high-density linkage maps were developed for the cross parents. The QTL analysis revealed a major resistance locus, explaining up to 80.15% of the phenotypic variance, on ‘Shavtsitska’ linkage group 13, which was associated with a reduced pathogen infection as well as an enhanced plant necrotic response. The genotyping of 105 Caucasian accessions with SSR markers flanking the QTL revealed that the resistant haplotype of ‘Shavtsitska’ was shared by ‘Tskhvedianis tetra’ and a total of 25 Caucasian grape varieties, suggesting a widespread presence of this resistance in the surveyed germplasm. The uncovered QTL was mapped in the region where the Ren1 locus of resistance to E. necator, identified in the V. vinifera ‘Kishmish vatkana’ and related grapes of Central Asia, is located. The genetic analysis conducted revealed that the Caucasian grapes in this study exhibit a resistant haplotype different from that of Central Asian grape accessions. Conclusions The QTL isolated in ‘Shavtsitska’ and present in the Caucasian V. vinifera varieties could be a new candidate gene of resistance to E. necator to use in breeding programmes. It co-localizes with the Ren1 locus but shows a different haplotype from that of grapevines of Central Asia. We therefore consider that the Caucasian resistance locus, named Ren1.2, contains a member of a cluster of R-genes, of which the region is rich, and to be linked with, or possibly allelic, to Ren1.

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Construction of A High-Density Genetic Map And Detection of A Major QTL of Resistance To Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe Necator Sch.) In Caucasian Grapes (Vitis Vinifera L.)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-439287/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tyrone Possamai ◽

Sabine Wiedemann-Merdinoglu ◽

Didier Merdinoglu ◽

Daniele Migliaro ◽

Gloria De Mori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Central Asia ◽

High Density ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Resistance Locus ◽

Phenotypic Variance ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Mycelium Growth ◽

Erysiphe Necator

Abstract BackgroundVitis vinifera L. is the most cultivated grapevine species worldwide. Erysiphe necator Sch., the causal agent of grape powdery mildew, is one of the main pathogens affecting viticulture. V. vinifera has little or no genetic resistance against E. necator and the grape industry is highly dependent on agrochemicals. Some Caucasian V. vinifera accessions have been reported to be resistant to E. necator and to have no genetic relationship to known sources of resistance to powdery mildew. The main purpose of this work was the study and mapping of the resistance to E. necator in the Caucasian grapes ‘Shavtsitska’ and ‘Tskhvedianis tetra’.ResultsThe Caucasian varieties ‘Shavtsitska’ and ‘Tskhvedianis tetra’ showed a strong partial resistance to E. necator which segregated in two cross populations: the resistant genotypes delayed and limited the pathogen mycelium growth, sporulation intensity and number of conidia generated. A total of 184 seedlings of ‘Shavtsitska’ x ‘Glera’ population were genotyped through the Genotyping by Sequencing (GBS) technology and two high-density linkage maps were developed for the cross parents. The QTL analysis revealed a major resistance locus, explaining up to 80.15% of the phenotypic variance, on ‘Shavtsitska’ linkage group 13, which was associated with a reduced pathogen infection as well as an enhanced plant necrotic response. The genotyping of 105 Caucasian accessions with SSR markers flanking the QTL revealed that the resistant haplotype of ‘Shavtsitska’ was shared by ‘Tskhvedianis tetra’ and a total of 24 Caucasian grape varieties, suggesting a widespread presence of this resistance in the surveyed germplasm. The uncovered QTL was mapped in the region where the Ren1 gene of resistance to E. necator, identified in the V. vinifera ‘Kishmish vatkana’ and related grapes of Central Asia, is located. The genetic analysis conducted revealed that the Caucasian grapes in this study exhibit a resistant haplotype different from that of Central Asian grape accessions.ConclusionsThe QTL isolated in ‘Shavtsitska’ and present in the Caucasian V. vinifera varieties could be a new candidate gene of resistance to E. necator to use in breeding programmes. It co-localizes with the Ren1 locus but shows a different haplotype from that of grapevines of Central Asia. We therefore consider this gene, named Ren1-2, a member of a cluster of R genes, of which the region is rich, and linked with, or possibly allelic, to the Ren1.

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Effects of Acute Low-Temperature Events on Development of Erysiphe necator and Susceptibility of Vitis vinifera

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-01-10-0012 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 100 (11) ◽

pp. 1240-1249 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Michelle M. Moyer ◽

David M. Gadoury ◽

Lance Cadle-Davidson ◽

Ian B. Dry ◽

Peter A. Magarey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Weather Data ◽

Sudden Increase ◽

Erysiphe Necator ◽

Cold Temperatures ◽

Slow Development ◽

Optimal Temperature Range ◽

Cold Events

Growth and development of Erysiphe necator (syn. Uncinula necator) has been extensively studied under controlled conditions, primarily with a focus on development of grapevine powdery mildew within the optimal temperature range and the lethal effects of high temperatures. However, little is known of the effect of cold temperatures (above freezing but <8°C) on pathogen development or host resistance. Pretreatment of susceptible Vitis vinifera leaf tissue by exposure to cold temperatures (2 to ≤8°C for 2 to 8 h) reduced infection efficiency and colony expansion when tissues were subsequently inoculated. Furthermore, nascent colonies exposed to similar cold events exhibited hyphal mortality, reduced expansion, and increased latent periods. Historical weather data and an analysis of the radiational cooling of leaf tissues in the field indicated that early-season cold events capable of inducing the foregoing responses occur commonly and frequently across many if not most viticultural regions worldwide. These phenomena may partially explain (i) the unexpectedly slow development of powdery mildew during the first month after budbreak in some regions and (ii) the sudden increase in epidemic development once seasonal temperatures increase above the threshold for acute cold events.

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Spectral characterization of fungal diseases downy mildew, powdery mildew, black-foot and Petri disease on Vitis vinifera leaves

International Journal of Remote Sensing ◽

10.1080/01431161.2021.1929542 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (15) ◽

pp. 5680-5697

Author(s):

Pâmela A. Pithan ◽

Jorge R. Ducati ◽

Lucas R. Garrido ◽

Diniz C. Arruda ◽

Adriane B. Thum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Downy Mildew ◽

Fungal Diseases ◽

Spectral Characterization ◽

Petri Disease ◽

Black Foot

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Release of Erysiphe necator Ascospores and Impact of Early Season Disease Pressure on Vitis vinifera Fruit Infection

American Journal of Enology and Viticulture ◽

10.5344/ajev.2014.13111 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 315-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

M. M. Moyer ◽

D. M. Gadoury ◽

W. F. Wilcox ◽

R. C. Seem

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Erysiphe Necator ◽

Early Season ◽

Disease Pressure

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Fitness of Erysiphe necator with G143A-Based Resistance to Quinone Outside Inhibitors

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-12-13-1202-re ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (11) ◽

pp. 1494-1502 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Lynn Esther E. Rallos ◽

Nels G. Johnson ◽

David G. Schmale ◽

Aaron J. Prussin ◽

Anton B. Baudoin

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Field Trials ◽

Resistance Development ◽

Erysiphe Necator ◽

Potted Plants ◽

Sterol Demethylation Inhibitors ◽

Quinone Outside Inhibitors ◽

Competition Assays ◽

Qoi Resistance

Management of grape powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) using quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) has eroded in an increasing number of regions due to resistance development. To determine persistence of resistance when QoIs are withdrawn, competition assays were conducted on unsprayed grape plants (Vitis vinifera ‘Chardonnay’) by cycling mixtures of resistant and sensitive isolates characterized as genetically diverse based on microsatellite analyses. Under laboratory conditions, %G143A, quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), increased significantly, indicating competitiveness of the resistant fraction. To confirm competitiveness in the field, trials using potted plants were conducted. Percent G143A tended to decrease in one growing season, probably due to spore migration and mixing of populations with natural background inoculum. In a second season, QoI resistance persisted at high frequency for 4 weeks. Resistant populations were also found to persist in one vineyard without QoI application for four consecutive years. The frequency was still about 25% in the fourth year, with higher frequency (36%) in a hotspot section. QoI-resistant populations with >5% G143A also harbored Y136F in the cyp51 gene that confers some resistance to sterol demethylation inhibitors, another fungicide class for powdery mildew control. Double resistance could have been partly responsible for persistence of QoI resistance at this location.

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