scholarly journals Postharvest Properties of Ultra-Late Maturing Peach Cultivars and Their Attributions to Melting Flesh (M) Locus: Re-evaluation of M Locus in Association With Flesh Texture

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Nakano ◽  
Takashi Kawai ◽  
Yosuke Fukamatsu ◽  
Kagari Akita ◽  
Sakine Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
The Common ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

The postharvest properties of two ultra-late maturing peach cultivars, “Tobihaku” (TH) and “Daijumitsuto” (DJ), were investigated. Fruit were harvested at commercial maturity and held at 25°C. TH exhibited the characteristics of normal melting flesh (MF) peach, including rapid fruit softening associated with appropriate level of endogenous ethylene production In contrast, DJ did not soften at all during 3 weeks experimental period even though considerable ethylene production was observed. Fruit of TH and DJ were treated with 5,000 ppm of propylene, an ethylene analog, continuously for 7 days. TH softened rapidly whereas DJ maintained high flesh firmness in spite of an increase in endogenous ethylene production, suggesting that DJ but not TH lacked the ability to be softened in response to endogenous and exogenous ethylene/propylene. DNA-seq analysis showed that tandem endo-polygalacturonase (endoPG) genes located at melting flesh (M) locus, Pp-endoPGM (PGM), and Pp-endoPGF (PGF), were deleted in DJ. The endoPG genes at M locus are known to control flesh texture of peach fruit, and it was suggested that the non-softening property of DJ is due to the lack of endoPG genes. On the other hand, TH possessed an unidentified M haplotype that is involved in determination of MF phenotype. Structural identification of the unknown M haplotype, designated as M0, through comparison with previously reported M haplotypes revealed distinct differences between PGM on M0 haplotype (PGM-M0) and PGM on other haplotypes (PGM-M1). Peach M haplotypes were classified into four main haplotypes: M0 with PGM-M0; M1 with both PGM-M1 and PGF; M2 with PGM-M1; and M3 lacking both PGM and PGF. Re-evaluation of M locus in association with MF/non-melting flesh (NMF) phenotypes in more than 400 accessions by using whole genome shotgun sequencing data on database and/or by PCR genotyping demonstrated that M0 haplotype was the common haplotype in MF accessions, and M0 and M1 haplotypes were dominant over M2 and M3 haplotypes and co-dominantly determined the MF trait. It was also assumed on the basis of structural comparison of M haplotypes among Prunus species that the ancestral haplotype of M0 diverged from those of the other haplotypes before the speciation of Prunus persica.

scholarly journals Postharvest properties of ultra-late maturing peach cultivars and their attributions to Melting Flesh (M) locus: Re-evaluation of M locus in association with flesh texture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Nakano ◽  
Takashi Kawai ◽  
Yosuke Fukamatsu ◽  
Kagari Akita ◽  
Sakine Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
The Common ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

AbstractThe postharvest properties of two ultra-late maturing peach cultivars, ‘Tobihaku’ (TH) and ‘Daijumitsuto’ (DJ), were investigated. Fruit were harvested at commercial maturity and held at 25°C. TH exhibited the characteristics of normal melting flesh (MF) peach, including rapid fruit softening associated with an increase in endogenous ethylene production In contrast, DJ did not soften at all during three-week experimental period even though substantial ethylene production was observed. Fruit of TH and DJ were treated with 5000 ppm of propylene, an ethylene analog, continuously for seven days. TH softened rapidly whereas DJ maintained high flesh firmness in spite of an increase in endogenous ethylene production, suggesting that DJ but not TH lacked the ability to be softened in response to endogenous and exogenous ethylene/propylene. DNA-seq analysis showed that tandem endo-polygalacturonase (endoPG) genes located at melting flesh (M) locus, Pp-endoPGM (PGM) and Pp-endoPGF (PGF), were deleted in DJ. The endoPG genes at M locus are known to control flesh texture of peach fruit, and it was suggested that the non-softening property of DJ is due to the lack of endoPG genes. On the other hand, TH possessed an unidentified M haplotype that is involved in determination of MF phenotype. Structural identification of the unknown M haplotype, designated as M0, through comparison with previously reported M haplotypes revealed distinct differences between PGM on M0 haplotype (PGM-M0) and PGM on other haplotypes (PGM-M1). Peach M haplotypes were classified into four main haplotypes: M0 with PGM-M0; M1 with both PGM-M1 and PGF; M2 with PGM-M1; and M3 lacking both PGM and PGF. Re-evaluation of M locus in association with MF/non-melting flesh (NMF) phenotypes in more than 400 accessions by using whole genome shotgun sequencing data on database and/or by PCR genotyping demonstrated that M0 haplotype was the common haplotype in MF accessions, and M0 and M1 haplotypes were dominant over M2 and M3 haplotypes and co-dominantly determined the MF trait. It was also assumed on the basis of structural comparison of M haplotypes among Prunus species that the ancestral haplotype of M0 diverged from those of the other haplotypes before the speciation of Prunus persica.

scholarly journals Ethylene and Lipoxygenase In Relation to Afterripening of Dormant NC-13 Peanut Seeds1,2

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Ketring ◽  
H. E. Pattee
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Mature Seeds

Abstract Following harvest, peanuts are usually subjected to a period of storage. During storage biochemical changes are known to occur. The objectives of this study were to determine the changes and relationship in ethylene production, germination, and lipoxygenase (LG) activity during cold storage of dormant NC-13 peanut seeds. Two seed lots (SL) were used: one grown in Oklahoma (SL80) and the other grown in N. Carolina (SL81). SL80 and SL81 were stored at 2 to 5 C for 193 and 242 days, respectively. Samples were taken at about 28-day intervals for determination of germination, ethylene production, and LG activity. Seeds of two and three maturities were tested for SL80 and SL81, respectively. As afterripening of stored seeds proceeded, ethylene production gradually increased, with the maximum at 48 hours of germination. Germination showed a concomitant gradual increase. Lipoxygenase activity of both seedlots was less for mature than for immature seeds and showed a sharp increase during storage at 2 to 5 C, particularly for immature seeds. After heat-treatment to break dormancy of sublots from SL81, there was a progessive increase in ethylene production and germination, but most notably for mature seeds. In contrast to ethylene production and germination, after heat-treatment LG activity declined. Linear correlation coefficient (r) values between ethylene production and germination were highly significant for mature seeds from SL80 at 48 and 72 hours of germination, but only at 72 hours for immature seeds. For SL81 as for SL80, significant positive correlations were found between ethylene production and germination. However, correlations between LG activity and the other variables were not significant except for mature seeds from SL81. Significant positive correlations for both ethylene production and germination with LG activity also existed for these seeds. But after heat-treatment these correlations no longer occurred. The data indicate that the metabolic processes related to ethylene production and germination are occurring simultaneously with those of LG activity. The possibility that metabolites from LG activity serve as substrates for ethylene production can not be precluded.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Ethylene Production in Banana Fruit Tissue by Ethylene Treatment

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Vendrell ◽  
WB Mcglasson
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Fruit Tissue ◽  
Ethylene Treatment ◽  
Chlorophyll Breakdown ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

A temporary ethylene treatment, sufficient to stimulate ripening in banana fruit tissue, partly suppresses endogenous ethylene production and the evolution of ethylene from methionine. The production of endogenous ethylene does not return to rates normal for naturally ripening fruit after the exogenous ethylene is removed. The extent of inhibition is related to the concentration of applied ethylene up to 5-10 p.p.m., and to the duration of treatment within the period 12 hI' to 3 days. Other characteristics of ripening appear to develop normally, except in the shorter treatments, where respiration shows a lower climacteric peak and chlorophyll breakdown is delayed.

scholarly journals Different Roles of the Five Alcohol Acyltransferases in Peach Fruit Aroma Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 374-381
Author(s):  
Bin Peng ◽  
Jianlan Xu ◽  
Zhixiang Cai ◽  
Binbin Zhang ◽  
Mingliang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Oleaginous Yeast ◽  
Expression System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Enzyme Assays ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Yeast Expression System ◽  
Peach Genome ◽  
Volatile Organic

Peach (Prunus persica) fruit emit more than 100 volatile organic compounds. Among these volatiles, γ-decalactone is the key compound that contributes to peach aroma. The final step in lactones biosynthesis is catalyzed by alcohol acyltransferases (AATs). In this study, five AAT genes were isolated in the peach genome, and the ways that these genes contribute toward the peach aroma were studied. The sequence analysis of the five AATs showed PpAAT4 and PpAAT5 are truncated genes, missing important residues such as HXXXD. The expressions of PpAATs were investigated to identify the roles in creating the peach aroma. The results indicated that only PpAAT1 is highly expressed during γ-decalactone formation. A functional survey of the five PpAATs, using the oleaginous yeast expression system, suggested that only PpAAT1 significantly increased the γ-decalactone content, whereas the other four PpAATs did not significantly alter the γ-decalactone content. Enzyme assays on PpAATs heterologously expressed and purified from Escherichia coli indicated that only PpAAT1 could catalyze the formation of γ-decalactone. All results indicated that PpAAT1 is a more efficient enzyme than the other four PpAATs during the γ-decalactone biosynthesis process in peach fruit. The results from this study should help improve peach fruit aroma.

scholarly journals Inter-determination of blood metabolite levels and gut microbiome supported by Mendelian randomization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Liu ◽  
Xin Tong ◽  
Yuanqiang Zou ◽  
Xiaoqian Lin ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Pectin Degradation

AbstractThe gut microbiome has been implicated in a variety of physiological states. Controversy over causality, however, has always haunted microbiome studies. Here, we utilized the bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to address questions that are not yet mature for more costly randomized interventions. From a total of 3,432 Chinese individuals with shotgun sequencing data for whole genome and whole metagenome, as well as anthropometric and blood metabolic traits, we identified 58 causal relationships between the gut microbiome and blood metabolites, and replicated 43 out of the 58. Gut microbiome could determine features in the blood. For example, increased fecal relative abundances of Oscillibacter and Alistipes were causally linked to decreased triglyceride concentration, and fecal microbial module pectin degradation might increase serum uric acid. On the other hand, blood features may determine gut microbial features, e.g. glutamic acid appeared to decrease Oxalobacter, and a few members of Proteobacteria were unidirectionally influenced by cardiometabolically important metabolites such as 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid, alanine, as well as selenium. This study illustrates the value of human genetic information to help prioritize gut microbial features for mechanistic and clinical studies. The results are consistent with whole-body cross-talks of the microbiome and the circulating molecules.

scholarly journals Ripening season, ethylene production and respiration rate are related to fruit non-destructively-analyzed volatiles measured by an electronic nose in 57 peach (Prunus persica L.) samples

2017 ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
Mingshen Su ◽  
Zhengwen Ye ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Kunsong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Fruit Volatiles ◽  
Fruit Samples

Fifty-seven peach samples from 19 peach cultivars were gathered at consumption maturities from an orchard between July 21 and September 9 in 2010. Fruit ethylene production (C2H4) was significantly positively correlated with respiration rate (CO2) for tested samples. Fruit non-desctructively-analized volatiles were measured by a FOX 4000 electronic nose (e-nose), which 57 samples were classified into three groups according to ripening season, respiration rate and ethylene production to evaluate the volatile separations. Samples harvested in July, August and September in 2010, samples of high (>25) respiration rate (mL.Kg-1FW.h-1 CO2) and low ones (<16), samples of high (>10) ethylene production (nL.g-1 FW.h-1 C2H4) and low ones (<2) ones could be clearly separated in the discriminant factor analysis (DFA) plots based on fruit volatiles of the e-nose measurements. Intensity values of T30/1, T70/2, PA/2, P30/1, P40/2, P30/2 and T40/2 sensors of the e-nose measurements were in accord with the classifications of harvest seasons, respiration rate and ethylene production. Non-desctructively-analized volatiles, respiration rate and ethylene production were somewhat related each other despite genotype and environmental factor in the tested peach fruit samples.

scholarly journals Re-evaluation of ethylene role in Arabidopsis cauline leaf abscission induced by water stress and rewatering

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimon Meir ◽  
Sonia Philosoph-Hadas ◽  
Shoshana Salim ◽  
Adi Segev ◽  
Joseph Riov
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cauline Leaf ◽  
Arabidopsis Mutants ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene ◽  
Established Role

ABSTRACTPatharkar and Walker (2016) reported that cauline leaf abscission in Arabidopsis is induced by a cycle of water stress and rewatering, which is regulated by the complex of INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA), HAESA (HAE), and HAESA-LIKE2 (HSL2) kinases. However, they stated without presenting experimental results that ethylene is not involved in this process. Since this statement contradicts the well-established role of ethylene in organ abscission induced by a cycle of water stress and rewatering, our present study was aimed to re-evaluate the possible involvement of ethylene in this process. For this purpose, we examined the endogenous ethylene production during water stress and following rewatering, as well as the effects of exogenous ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), on cauline leaf abscission of Arabidopsis wild type. Additionally, we examined whether this stress induces cauline leaf abscission in ethylene-insensitive Arabidopsis mutants. The results of the present study demonstrated that ethylene production rates increased significantly in cauline leaves at 4 h after rewatering of stressed plants, and remained high for at least 24 h in plants water-stressed to 40 and 30% of system weight. Ethylene treatment applied to well-watered plants induced cauline leaf abscission, which was inhibited by 1-MCP. Cauline leaf abscission was also inhibited by 1-MCP applied during a cycle of water stress and rewatering. Finally, no abscission occurred in two ethylene-insensitive mutants, ein2-1 and ein2-5, following a cycle of water stress and rewatering. Taken together, these results clearly indicate that ethylene is involved in Arabidopsis cauline leaf abscission induced by water stress.One sentence summaryUnlike Patharker and Walker (2016), our results show that ethylene is involved in Arabidopsis cauline leaf abscission induced by water stress and rewatering, similar to leaf abscission in other plants.

scholarly journals Little-known forerunner of «Turandot» of Giacomo Puccini – «Turanda» of Antonio Bazzini

2019 ◽  
pp. 290-308
Author(s):  
Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Commedia Dell'arte ◽  
Femme Fatale ◽  
Giacomo Puccini ◽  
Cultural Paradigm ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common

Тhe image of Turandot that has almost the greatest number of interpretations in a variety of genres, particularly, in opera, ushered in the masterpiece of G. Puccini. Still, rather little-known remain over ten of her opera forerunners among which a special place belongs to the opera of the king of verismo – the well-known violin virtuoso, composer, social-cultural figure, professor of Milano conservatoire Antonio Bazzini, in whose class G. Puccini was a student. His only opera ―Turanda‖ of 1867 became the subject of the study in this article whose objective is to outline the imagologeme of the cruel princess character in the interpretation of A. Bazzini. Using the imagologic methodologies oriented toward all-round outlining of the Other – particularly in the context of the oriental themes, the author proceeds from the comparative analysis that gives ground for determination of the common and distinctive traits in the interpretation of the heroine character in the context of the Italian and general European cultural paradigm. Created almost 100 years after Carlo Gozzi’s fiaba and 50 years before G. Puccini’s ―Turandot‖ A. Bazzini finds new unexpected dimensions of the work on such theme in the opera genre. Departing from the elements of commedia dell’arte that are the cornerstones in Gozzi’s favola, Bazzini, though staying in the sphere of the fairytale plot defines the genre of his opera as the ―Asian fantasy‖, gravitating despite the decorative-harem and state-imperial image of the Orient to the principles of the lyrical opera French models and looking at the lyrical drama of V. Bellini. The main lady character is the type of the femme fatale, who in the course of unwinding of the dramatic action acquires some sentimental traits, reinvents herself from the princess-killer to the loving lady. Bazzini’s eclecticism was manifested in the departure from the Chinese content and extension of the geocultural boundaries: the action takes place in Persia (Turandot’s ancestral homeland, whose combined prototype image is described in the poem of Nizami ―Seven Beauties‖), Prince Calaf becomes the Indian Prince Nadir, preserving the role of the lyrical-dramatic hero. Bazzinin refuses from the masks and instead brings in the new bright character – magician Ormut who represents the evil forces, for he is hopelessly in love with Turandot, inspires her to killings with the aid of sorcery. The exalted mystical-orgiastic scene of worshipping Ahriman is one of the best in the presentation of the spectacular-theatrical exotica. And though over a dozen of composers-romanticists attempted to adapt the character of Turandot, the heroine found her optimal embodiment in the aura of the high verism, one of the steps on the way to which can be regarded ―Turanda‖ of A. Bazzini.

Growth of Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] Fruits After Treatment With Ethephon During Successive Periods of Fruit Development

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
IR Dann ◽  
DJ Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Secondary Effect ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene

During the first stage of dry weight increase (DW I) of peach fruit, ethephon inhibited growth but stimulated the short-term uptake of 14C-labelled assimilate as well as the natural abscission of the fruitlets. Abscission appeared to be the primary effect, while inhibited growth was a secondary effect of ethephon. This stage of growth DW I) includes the first half of the lag phase of fresh weight increase (FW 11). During the remainder of FW I1 (after the start of DW 11), ethephon did not affect growth except at the highest concentration, which inhibited growth. After commencement of FW 111, which is the final stage of rapid fresh weight increase, ethephon stimulated fruit growth. The data indicated that growth could be stimulated with ethephon during periods when the rate of fresh weight growth was rising but not when it was falling. Thus, endogenous ethylene appears to limit growth of peach fruit during the stages of rapid increase in fresh weight.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document