scholarly journals Inhibition of Ethylene Production in Banana Fruit Tissue by Ethylene Treatment

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Vendrell ◽  
WB Mcglasson
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Fruit Tissue ◽  
Ethylene Treatment ◽  
Chlorophyll Breakdown ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

A temporary ethylene treatment, sufficient to stimulate ripening in banana fruit tissue, partly suppresses endogenous ethylene production and the evolution of ethylene from methionine. The production of endogenous ethylene does not return to rates normal for naturally ripening fruit after the exogenous ethylene is removed. The extent of inhibition is related to the concentration of applied ethylene up to 5-10 p.p.m., and to the duration of treatment within the period 12 hI' to 3 days. Other characteristics of ripening appear to develop normally, except in the shorter treatments, where respiration shows a lower climacteric peak and chlorophyll breakdown is delayed.

scholarly journals 239 RESPONSE OF KIWIFRUIT SOFTENING TO ETHYLENE APPLICATION

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 463f-463
Author(s):  
Guiwen Chene ◽  
Carlos Crisosto ◽  
David Garner
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Actinidia Deliciosa ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Ethylene Treatment ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

During the 1993 and 1994 seasons, the response of Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa var. Hayward) flesh softening to exogenous ethylene applications was studied on fruit collected weekly from cold storage and directly from the vines. Fruit samples from both sources, were induced to ripen with and without ethylene preconditioning treatment (10 ppm, 24h at 0C). During the first 3 weeks of fruit collection, flesh firmness decreased and SSC accumulation increased faster in ethylene treated kiwifruit than in the untreated. After this period, when kiwifruit had close to 9 pounds flesh firmness, ethylene treated and untreated kiwifruit softened at the same rate. Ethylene treatment did not enhance kiwifruit CO2 and ethylene production except at the first harvest time. Furthermore, ethylene treated kiwifruit did not have higher respiration and ethylene rates than untreated kiwifruit when measured at 0, 5 and 20C.

scholarly journals Physiological and Molecular Characterization of the Response to Ethylene during Senescence of Carnation Genotypic Variants

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Woodson ◽  
Shimon Mayak ◽  
Haim Rabinowitch
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Petal Senescence ◽  
Ethylene Treatment ◽  
Novel Proteins ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

The senescence of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flowers is associated with increased production of the phytohormone ethylene, which in turn serves to initiate and regulate the processes involved in programmed petal death. We investigated the regulation of ethylene production and petal senescence in carnation. Several carnation genotypes were identified that exhibited extended vase-life in comparison to flowers from typical commercial cultivars. The capacity of these genotypes to produce ethylene during postharvest vase-life and to respond to exogenous ethylene was investigated. Several genotypes, represented by 'Sandrosa' and 87-37G produced little ethylene durig their postharvest vase-life and as a result failed to exhibit the symptoms (in-rolling and wilting) typical of flowers producing elevated levels of ethylene. These genotypes were further separated by their capacity to respond to exogenous ethylene by both increased ethylene synthesis and premature petal senescence. In one case a genotype (799) was identified that was not capable of responding to exogenous ethylene by either increased ethylene production or premature petal senescence. The regulation of ethylene production during petal senescence was investigated both at the enzyme and gene levels. A full length cDNA was identified for the petal senescence-related ACC synthase gene. Utilizing this, and other ethylene biosynthetic pathway cDNA probes, an increase in both ACC synthase and ACC oxidase mRNAs were detected following ethylene treatment. An increase in ACC oxidase mRNA and enzyme activity was detected within 2-3 h following ethylene treatment, indicating the expression of this gene is an early response to ethylene. An investigation into the expression of novel proteins during petal senescence revealed a number of polypeptides increased in abundance and possibly play a role in the regulation or biochemical processes of senescence. One polypeptide of 70 kDa was identified as being encoded by the previously characterized gene SR12 and possibly represents a b-galactosidase involved in the remobilization of carbohydrates during senescence.

Chloroplast ultrastructure and ethylene production of senescing and rust-infected cowpea leaves

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 2591-2597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michèle C. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Infected Tissue ◽  
Healthy Tissue ◽  
Ethylene Treatment ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Ethylene Content ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Induced Changes

An investigation of the changes in chloroplast ultrastructure induced by rust infection of cowpea leaves revealed that although initial changes in the pustule center resembled those observed in naturally senescing leaves, subsequent changes more closely resembled chromoplast development in certain ripening fruit. Ethylene treatment of healthy leaves induced changes similar to those seen during the later stages of pathogenesis and detached infected leaves released greater amounts of this gas than controls. The restriction of the chromoplast-like changes to the pustule center and the fact that the endogenous ethylene levels of newly picked infected leaves were barely higher than those of comparable healthy tissue suggested that most of the increased production of this gas was associated with the relatively small region of high fungal concentration. In contrast, naturally senescing leaves contained one-sixth, or less, of the ethylene content of infected leaves and released about half as much as infected tissue when detached. Thus it is suggested that, in many plants, increased ethylene production results in chromoplast-like development of the chloroplasts and that the degree of such development during pathogenesis or senescence may reflect the degree of ethylene production during these processes.

scholarly journals Postharvest properties of ultra-late maturing peach cultivars and their attributions to Melting Flesh (M) locus: Re-evaluation of M locus in association with flesh texture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Nakano ◽  
Takashi Kawai ◽  
Yosuke Fukamatsu ◽  
Kagari Akita ◽  
Sakine Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
The Common ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

AbstractThe postharvest properties of two ultra-late maturing peach cultivars, ‘Tobihaku’ (TH) and ‘Daijumitsuto’ (DJ), were investigated. Fruit were harvested at commercial maturity and held at 25°C. TH exhibited the characteristics of normal melting flesh (MF) peach, including rapid fruit softening associated with an increase in endogenous ethylene production In contrast, DJ did not soften at all during three-week experimental period even though substantial ethylene production was observed. Fruit of TH and DJ were treated with 5000 ppm of propylene, an ethylene analog, continuously for seven days. TH softened rapidly whereas DJ maintained high flesh firmness in spite of an increase in endogenous ethylene production, suggesting that DJ but not TH lacked the ability to be softened in response to endogenous and exogenous ethylene/propylene. DNA-seq analysis showed that tandem endo-polygalacturonase (endoPG) genes located at melting flesh (M) locus, Pp-endoPGM (PGM) and Pp-endoPGF (PGF), were deleted in DJ. The endoPG genes at M locus are known to control flesh texture of peach fruit, and it was suggested that the non-softening property of DJ is due to the lack of endoPG genes. On the other hand, TH possessed an unidentified M haplotype that is involved in determination of MF phenotype. Structural identification of the unknown M haplotype, designated as M0, through comparison with previously reported M haplotypes revealed distinct differences between PGM on M0 haplotype (PGM-M0) and PGM on other haplotypes (PGM-M1). Peach M haplotypes were classified into four main haplotypes: M0 with PGM-M0; M1 with both PGM-M1 and PGF; M2 with PGM-M1; and M3 lacking both PGM and PGF. Re-evaluation of M locus in association with MF/non-melting flesh (NMF) phenotypes in more than 400 accessions by using whole genome shotgun sequencing data on database and/or by PCR genotyping demonstrated that M0 haplotype was the common haplotype in MF accessions, and M0 and M1 haplotypes were dominant over M2 and M3 haplotypes and co-dominantly determined the MF trait. It was also assumed on the basis of structural comparison of M haplotypes among Prunus species that the ancestral haplotype of M0 diverged from those of the other haplotypes before the speciation of Prunus persica.

scholarly journals Re-evaluation of ethylene role in Arabidopsis cauline leaf abscission induced by water stress and rewatering

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimon Meir ◽  
Sonia Philosoph-Hadas ◽  
Shoshana Salim ◽  
Adi Segev ◽  
Joseph Riov
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Leaf Abscission ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cauline Leaf ◽  
Arabidopsis Mutants ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene ◽  
Established Role

ABSTRACTPatharkar and Walker (2016) reported that cauline leaf abscission in Arabidopsis is induced by a cycle of water stress and rewatering, which is regulated by the complex of INFLORESCENCE DEFICIENT IN ABSCISSION (IDA), HAESA (HAE), and HAESA-LIKE2 (HSL2) kinases. However, they stated without presenting experimental results that ethylene is not involved in this process. Since this statement contradicts the well-established role of ethylene in organ abscission induced by a cycle of water stress and rewatering, our present study was aimed to re-evaluate the possible involvement of ethylene in this process. For this purpose, we examined the endogenous ethylene production during water stress and following rewatering, as well as the effects of exogenous ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), on cauline leaf abscission of Arabidopsis wild type. Additionally, we examined whether this stress induces cauline leaf abscission in ethylene-insensitive Arabidopsis mutants. The results of the present study demonstrated that ethylene production rates increased significantly in cauline leaves at 4 h after rewatering of stressed plants, and remained high for at least 24 h in plants water-stressed to 40 and 30% of system weight. Ethylene treatment applied to well-watered plants induced cauline leaf abscission, which was inhibited by 1-MCP. Cauline leaf abscission was also inhibited by 1-MCP applied during a cycle of water stress and rewatering. Finally, no abscission occurred in two ethylene-insensitive mutants, ein2-1 and ein2-5, following a cycle of water stress and rewatering. Taken together, these results clearly indicate that ethylene is involved in Arabidopsis cauline leaf abscission induced by water stress.One sentence summaryUnlike Patharker and Walker (2016), our results show that ethylene is involved in Arabidopsis cauline leaf abscission induced by water stress and rewatering, similar to leaf abscission in other plants.

scholarly journals Effect of Ethylene on Cell Wall and Lipid Metabolism during Alleviation of Postharvest Chilling Injury in Peach

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongchao Zhu ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Chunxia Wu ◽  
Yun Zhao ◽  
Xueren Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Response Factors ◽  
Ethylene Treatment ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

Peach is prone to postharvest chilling injury (CI). Here it was found that exogenous ethylene alleviated CI, accompanied by an increased endogenous ethylene production. Ethylene treatment resulted in a moderately more rapid flesh softening as a result of stronger expression of genes encoding expansin and cell wall hydrolases, especially xylosidase and galactosidase. Ethylene treatment alleviated internal browning, accompanied by changes in expression of polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase and lipoxygenases. An enhanced content of phospholipids and glycerolipids and a reduced content of ceramide were observed in ethylene-treated fruit, and these were associated with up-regulation of lipid phosphate phosphatase, fatty acid alpha-hydroxylase, and golgi-localized nucleotide sugar transporter, as well as down-regulation of aminoalcohol phosphotransferases. Expression of two ethylene response factors (ERFs), ESE3 and ABR1, was highly correlated with that of genes involved in cell wall metabolism and lipid metabolism, respectively. Furthermore, the expression of these two ERFs was strongly regulated by ethylene treatment and the temperature changes during transfer of fruit into or out of cold storage. It is proposed that ERFs fulfill roles as crucial integrators between cell wall modifications and lipid metabolism involved in CI processes ameliorated by exogenous ethylene.

Chlorophyll degradation in summer oilseed rape and summer turnip rape during seed ripening

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ward ◽  
R. Scarth ◽  
J. K. Vessey ◽  
J. K. Daun
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Chlorophyll Degradation ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Turnip Rape ◽  
Chlorophyll Breakdown ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene

Chlorophyll breakdown in ripening seed of three summer rape cultivars (Brossica napus L.) and one summer turnip rape cultivar (Brassica rapa L.) was investigated to clarify the influence of genotype, environment, seed moisture and endogenous ethylene production. Final seed chlorophyll levels were determined for summer oilseed rape and turnip rape cultivars grown at several locations during 4 yr. Both genotype and environment affected seed chlorophyll levels at harvest, but genotype by environment interactions were minimal for the cultivars included in this study. Differences in maturity did not adequately explain the genotypic variation among the rape cultivars tested. Rates of seed chlorophyll breakdown, moisture loss and ethylene evolution were measured in ripening seeds of three rape cultivars. Stellar, Delta and Westar had significantly different rates of seed chlorophyll breakdown. Lower temperatures resulted in slower chlorophyll degradation. Chlorophyll and moisture (expressed as percentage seed mass) were positively correlated in ripening seed, but moisture loss occurred at the same rate during seed ripening in all cultivars and environments. Chlorophyll and endogenous ethylene production were positively correlated, but the peak of ethylene production occurred after moisture loss and chlorophyll breakdown had begun, implying that an increase in endogenous ethylene was not the trigger for the initiation of these events. Key words: Chlorophyll degradation, green seed, ripening, moisture loss, ethylene, oilseed rape, turnip rape

scholarly journals ASPECTS OF ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY IN TOMATO FRUITS DURING THE RIPENING PROCESS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 651d-651
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Terai ◽  
Hironobu Tsuchida ◽  
Masashi Mizuno
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Ripening Process ◽  
Endogenous Ethylene ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Green fruits of normal ripening type of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) were picked 13-39 days after anthesis and stored at 20°C. Although more days were required for the ripening of the fruits if the stage of picking was earlier, all fruits became red and soft during storage. This result shows that considerably immature fruits have the ability of ripening. Green tomato fruits at three stages (18. 29 and 38 days after anthesis) were treated with ethylene for one day. The activity of ethylene forming enzyme (EFE) and the conversion of applied 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) to N-malonyl-ACC (MACC) in the three stages of tomato fruits were accelerated by exogenous ethylene, though endogenous ethylene production was hardly observed. When the green tomato fruits (31-34 days after anthesis) were treated with ethylene for one day and then transferred to air. the activity of EFE and the conversion of applied ACC to MACC were depressed. The activity of ACC synthase was not accelerated by ethylene treatment of only one day, but was accelerated by a longer term treatment, followed by increased ethylene production and the onset of ripening.

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