scholarly journals Identification of Heat Tolerant Cotton Lines Showing Genetic Variation in Cell Membrane Thermostability, Stomata, and Trichome Size and Its Effect on Yield and Fiber Quality Traits

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saifullah Abro ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Zaheer Ahmed Deho ◽  
Shafiq Ahmed Abro ◽  
Mahboob Ali Sial
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Stomata Size ◽  
Membrane Thermostability ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Cell Membrane Thermostability

Heat stress in cotton reduces its productivity. The development of heat-tolerant cotton varieties having resilience against changing climate is feasible. The purpose of this study was to probe the genetic variability in upland cotton for heat tolerance, the association of cell membrane thermostability (CMT), stomata, and trichome size with cotton adaptation to high temperature and effective breeding strategy to advance the valued traits. Relative cell injury percentage (RCI%) in studied genotypes ranged from 39 to 86%. Seventeen genotypes were found heat tolerant on the basis of low RCI%, heat susceptibility index (HSI<1), higher number of boll/plant, and seed cotton yield (SCY). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of heat-tolerant genotypes revealed the presence of different size of stomata (21.57 to 105.04 μm2) and trichomes (177 to 782.6 μm) on leaves of selected genotypes. The regression analysis showed a strong and negative association of RCI% and stomata size with SCY. However, no association was observed between the trichome size, yield, and fiber traits. On the overall location basis, a significant genotype × environment interaction was observed. All selected genotypes produced a higher SCY as compared with check varieties. But the stability analysis showed that the high yielding genotypes NIA-M-30, NIA-80, NIA-83, and CRIS-342 were also wide adaptive with unit regression (bi∼1) and non-significant deviation from the regression line (S2d∼0). The ability for the combination of some heat-tolerant genotypes was estimated by using the line × tester method among nine hybrids along with their 3 testers (i.e., male) and 3 lines (i.e., females). Genotypes, CRIS-342 and NIA-Perkh, were observed as best general combiners for SCY with a negative general combining ability effects for RCI%. Five hybrids showed a positive specific combining ability and heterotic effects for studied traits and also found lowest for HSI. RCI% and SCY/plant displayed higher estimates of heritability and genetic advance, indicating the heritability due to additive gene effects and chances of effective selection. The identified heat-tolerant and wide adaptive germplasm can be further advanced and utilized in cotton breeding programs for developing heat-tolerant cultivars. Selection criteria involving CMT and stomata size concluded to be an effective strategy for the screening of heat-tolerant cotton.

scholarly journals Heat Tolerance in Sugarcane: Optimum Temperature and Phenological Stage to Determination of Thermotolerance as Selection Criteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Sergio Castro-Nava ◽  
Rafael Delgado-Martínez ◽  
Jose Manuel García-Girón
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Juice Quality ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Membrane Thermostability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cell Membrane Thermostability

Heat stress is the major abiotic stressor in agriculture which reduces crop productivity and yield. Six sugarcane (Sacharum officinarum L.) genotypes were studied to investigate the impact of three temperature levels at four phenological stages on tissue electrolyte production and the feasibility of using the cell thermostability method (CTM) for the identification and selection of heat tolerant sugarcane genotypes. The cell membrane thermostability was quantified by measuring relative cell injury percentage with a modification in the temperature treatment on four phenological stages in a field experiment. Our results suggest that heat tolerance based on cell membrane thermostability can be improved using the existing genetic variability available within the commercial or experimental sugarcane germplasm. We conclude that the cell membrane thermostability test can be a useful screening procedure for selecting sugarcane genotypes that tolerate high temperature stress. The test can be used in conjunction with a temperature trait of 60 °C during the maturity stage. This procedure predicts the ability of sugarcane genotypes to maintain yield and juice quality under stressful field conditions.

scholarly journals Heat Tolerance and Flowering-heat-delay Sensitivity in Relation to Cell Membrane Thermostability in Chrysanthemum

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Hsueh Wang ◽  
Der-Ming Yeh ◽  
Chian-Shinn Sheu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Delay Sensitivity ◽  
Membrane Thermostability ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cell Membrane Thermostability ◽  
Selection Of

Flowering of many chrysanthemum [Dendranthema ×grandiflora (Ramat.) Kitam.] cultivars is reduced or delayed under high temperatures. Identification and rapid selection of heat-tolerant and flowering-heat-delay-insensitive chrysanthemum genotypes for commercial production is desirable. An electrolyte leakage technique was used to measure cell membrane thermostability of chrysanthemum cultivars. The relationship between the relative injury (RI) value occurring in leaf tissue discs and the treatment temperature was sigmoidal. The RI values at the approximate midpoint of the sigmoid response curve occurred at 47 to 53 °C for summer- and fall-flowering cultivars and at 45 to 46 °C treatments for winter- and spring-flowering cultivars. Regressing the delay in days to flowering for the cultivars grown at day/night temperature of 30/25 °C compared with those grown at 20/15 °C versus their associated RI values at 50 °C treatment showed a linear relationship. Reduced RI was more apparent in the heat-tolerant ‘Kaa Luoh-Lii’ than the heat-intolerant ‘Repulse’ after 30/25 °C treatment for 24 to 27 days. When 30/25 and 20/15 °C treatments were compared, the former did not alter leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) content in ‘Kaa Luoh-Lii’ but increased MDA content in ‘Repulse’.

scholarly journals Identification of cultivable heat tolerant wheat genotypes suitable for Patuakhali district in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
MZ Haque ◽  
MM Hasan ◽  
MMR Rajib ◽  
MM Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Membrane Thermostability ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Stem Reserves ◽  
Lower Contribution ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Cell Membrane Thermostability ◽  
Physiological Characters

Fifteen wheat genotypes namely Agrani, Prodip, Bijoy, CB 69, Sourav, Sufi, BAW 1064, Gourab, Kanchan Shatabdi, CB 30, Sonora, CB 24, CB34, and Protiva were sown under optimum (Nov. 30) and late (Dec. 30) sowing times to evaluate their performances at high temperature depending on cell membrane thermostability and some morpho-physiological characters. Based on cell membrane thermostability test four genotypes showed the longest heat killing time and were separated as heat tolerant (HT). Four genotypes showed the shortest heat killing time and were separated as heat sensitive (HS). The remaining seven genotypes required time in between those two were separated as intermediate heat tolerant (IHT) genotypes. Lower contribution of photosynthate stem reserves (PSR) to grain in HT genotypes finally contributed to its less affected 1000-grain weight as well as yield. These results suggest that greater cell membrane thermostability supported the minimal changes in some physiological characters of HT ganotypes which ultimately increased the wheat yield under short winter warmer condition. Keywords: Membrane thermostability; Wheat genotype DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i2.4729 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(2): 241-246, 2009

scholarly journals Exploring Heterosis in Melon (Cucumis melo L.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Marco Napolitano ◽  
Niccolò Terzaroli ◽  
Subash Kashyap ◽  
Luigi Russi ◽  
Elen Jones-Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances

Heterosis is the superiority of an F1 hybrid over its parents. Since this phenomenon is still unclear in melon, a half diallel experiment based on eight genetically distant breeding lines was conducted in six environments of Central Italy, assessing commercially important traits: yield, total soluble solids (TSS), and days to ripening (DTR). To estimate the additive (general combining ability; GCA) and the non-additive gene effects (specific combining ability; SCA), yield was analyzed by Griffing’s methods two and four, and the results were compared to the GGE (Genotype plus Genotype by Environment interaction) biplot methodology; TSS and earliness were evaluated only by Griffing’s method four. Overall, GCAs were significantly more relevant than SCAs for all examined traits. Least square means (LsM), mid-parent heterosis (MPH), best-parent heterosis (BPH), as well as Euclidean and Mahalanobis’ distances were calculated and compared with the genetic distance (GD). As a few correlations were found statistically significant (only for TSS), it was difficult to predict the value of a hybrid combination only by knowing the genetic distance of its parents. Despite this, heterosis was observed, indicating either the presence of epistatic effects (additive × additive interactions) and/or an underestimate of SCAs embedded within Griffing’s method. The significant Env × Entries source of variation suggests development of hybrids in specific environments. The results are discussed with a breeding perspective.

scholarly journals Combining ability and heterosis for fiber quality traits in cotton

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuksel Bolek ◽  
Hatice Cokkizgin ◽  
Adem Bardak
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Fiber Quality Traits ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Additive Gene

Combining ability and heterosis for fiber quality traits in cotton Combining ability analysis and heterosis for cotton fiber quality traits were studied in a set of diallel crosses involving eight cotton (Gossypium sp.) genotypes. Randomized complete block design was used to test 56 F1 and 8 parents for fiber quality traits; length (Len), strength (Str), micronaire (Mic), uniformity (Unf), elongation (Elg), spinning consistency index (Sci) and short fiber index (Sfi). Analysis revealed significant general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects for all the traits and additive gene effects were important in the inheritance of the traits. Giza-45 had the highest GCA effects for Len, Sci, Unf and Elg while Is-4 had the highest Str value. Mic and Sfi values were lowest for Askabat-100 and Giza-45, respectively. The cross Cukurova-1518 × 108-F and Nazilli-84S × Askabat-100 had the lowest SCA effects for Mic and Sfi, respectively. The highest values for Len (Askabat-100 × 108-F), for Str (Acala Prema × 108-F), for Sci (Is-4 × Giza-45), for Unf (Stoneville-453 × Askabat-100) and for Elg (108-F × Is-4) were also obtained. Hybridizations among Askabat-100 × Nazilli-84S, Is-4 × Giza-45, Askabat-100 × Stoneville-453, Askabat-100 × Giza-45, Is-4 × 108F, Giza-45 × 108F, Giza-45 × Acala Prema, Nazilli-84S × Giza-45, Is-4 × Nazilli-84S and Acala Prema × Askabat-100 crosses yielded the best heterosis and heterobeltiosis values. Aforementioned parents and crosses could be utilized for further selection of high fiber quality and applying 3-way crosses or modified backcross or recurrent selection to genotypes having good combining ability would improve fiber quality.

scholarly journals Cell Membrane Stability and Relative Cell Injury in Response to Heat Stress during Early and Late Seedling Stages of Diverse Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Germplasm

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1446-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneela Nijabat ◽  
Adam Bolton ◽  
Muhammad Mahmood-ur-Rehman ◽  
Adeel Ijaz Shah ◽  
Rameez Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Membrane Stability ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Heat Tolerant

Heat waves occur with more regularity and they adversely affect the yield of cool season crops including carrot (Daucus carota L.). Heat stress influences various biochemical and physiological processes including cell membrane permeability. Ion leakage and increase in cell permeability are indicators of cell membrane stability and have been used to evaluate the stress tolerance response in numerous crops and inform plant breeders for improving heat tolerance. No study has been published about the effects of heat stress on cell membrane stability and relative cell injury of carrot. Therefore, the present study was designed to estimate these stress indicators in response to heat stress at the early and late seedling developmental stages of 215 diverse accessions of wild and cultivated carrot germplasm. The article identifies the relationship between early and late stages of seedling tolerance across carrot genotypes and identifies heat-tolerant genotypes for further genetic analysis. Significant genetic variation among these stress indicators was identified with cell membrane stability and relative cell injury ranging from 6.3% to 97.3% and 2.8% to 76.6% at the early seedling stage, respectively; whereas cell membrane stability and relative cell injury ranged from 2.0% to 94.0% and 2.5% to 78.5%, respectively, at the late seedling stage under heat stress. Broad-sense heritability ranged from 0.64 to 0.91 for traits of interest under study, which indicates a relatively strong contribution of genetic factors in phenotypic variation among accessions. Heat tolerance varied widely among both wild and cultivated accessions, but the incidence of tolerance was higher in cultivated carrots than in wild carrots. The cultivated carrot accessions PI 326009 (Uzbekistan), PI 451754 (Netherlands), L2450 (USA), and PI 502654 (Pakistan) were identified as the most heat-tolerant accessions with highest cell membrane stability. This is the first evaluation of cell membrane stability and relative cell injury in response to heat stress during carrot development.

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