Parawilt characterized by a sudden drooping of leaves followed by death of plants withinfew hours after rainfall or heavy irrigation has been the major physiological disorder affectingproductivity of Bt-Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). We studied the effect of foliarapplication of cobalt chloride (@10 mg L-1 water) within 24-36 hours after appearance ofsymptoms on recovery rate, seed cotton yield and economics at farmers’ fields in Mansadistrict of south-western Punjab. The results of front line demonstrations revealed thatfoliar application of cobalt chloride resulted in significantly (p<0.05) higher seed cottonyield by ~9.1 per cent, compared with the control (no-spray). The mean gross returns(MGRs) increased significantly by Rs. 9620/- ha-1 in the demonstration plots. The higherbenefit-cost (B:C) ratio of 2.38 was observed for the demonstration plots, against 2.15 forthe control (no-spray). The foliar application of cobalt chloride resulted in higher averageproduction efficiency of 1.1 kg seed cotton yield ha-1 d-1 and average economic efficiencyof Rs. 65.7 ha-1 d-1, compared with the control. These results therefore, revealed that farmerscan effectively manage parawilt in Bt-cotton using foliar application of cobalt chloride andmay increase seed cotton yield and economic returns.
Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of aluminum-activated malate transporter genes (ALMTs) in Gossypium hirsutum L.