scholarly journals Engaging Healthcare Staff and Stakeholders in Healthcare Simulation Modeling to Better Translate Research Into Health Impact: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thea Zabell ◽  
Katrina M. Long ◽  
Debbie Scott ◽  
Judy Hope ◽  
Ian McLoughlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Model Quality ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Healthcare Simulation

Objective: To identify processes to engage stakeholders in healthcare Simulation Modeling (SM), and the impacts of this engagement on model design, model implementation, and stakeholder participants. To investigate how engagement process may lead to specific impacts.Data Sources: English-language articles on health SM engaging stakeholders in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and Business Source Complete databases published from inception to February 2020.Study Design: A systematic review of the literature based on a priori protocol and reported according to PRISMA guidelines.Extraction Methods: Eligible articles were SM studies with a health outcome which engaged stakeholders in model design. Data were extracted using a data extraction form adapted to be specific for stakeholder engagement in SM studies. Data were analyzed using summary statistics, deductive and inductive content analysis, and narrative synthesis.Principal Findings: Thirty-two articles met inclusion criteria. Processes used to engage stakeholders in healthcare SM are heterogenous and often based on intuition rather than clear methodological frameworks. These processes most commonly involve stakeholders across multiple SM stages via discussion/dialogue, interviews, workshops and meetings. Key reported impacts of stakeholder engagement included improved model quality/accuracy, implementation, and stakeholder decision-making. However, for all but four studies, these reports represented author perceptions rather than formal evaluations incorporating stakeholder perspectives. Possible process enablers of impact included the use of models as “boundary objects” and structured facilitation via storytelling to promote effective communication and mutual understanding between stakeholders and modelers.Conclusions: There is a large gap in the current literature of formal evaluation of SM stakeholder engagement, and a lack of consensus about the processes required for effective SM stakeholder engagement. The adoption and clear reporting of structured engagement and process evaluation methodologies/frameworks are required to advance the field and produce evidence of impact.

Systematic review of interventions to improve gender equity in graduate medicine

2021 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2020-138864
Author(s):  
Sinéad Lydon ◽  
Emily O'Dowd ◽  
Chloe Walsh ◽  
Angela O'Dea ◽  
Dara Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
English Language ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Reference List ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Work Settings

Women are substantially underrepresented in senior and leadership positions in medicine and experience gendered challenges in their work settings. This systematic review aimed to synthesise research that has evaluated interventions for improving gender equity in medicine. English language electronic searches were conducted across MEDLINE, CINAHL, Academic Search Complete, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Reference list screening was also undertaken. Peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and March 2020 that evaluated interventions to improve gender equity, or the experiences of women, in academic or clinical medicine were reviewed. Dual reviewer data extraction on setting, participants, type of intervention, measurement and outcomes was completed. Methodological rigour and strength of findings were evaluated. In total, 34 studies were included. Interventions were typically focused on equipping the woman (82.4%), that is, delivering professional development activities for women. Fewer focused on changing cultures (20.6%), ensuring equal opportunities (23.5%) or increasing the visibility or valuing of women (23.5%). Outcomes were largely positive (87.3%) but measurement typically relied on subjective, self-report data (69.1%). Few interventions were implemented in clinical settings (17.6%). Weak methodological rigour and a low strength of findings was observed. There has been a focus to-date on interventions which Equip the Woman. Interventions addressing systems and culture change require further research consideration. However, institutions cannot wait on high quality research evidence to emerge to take action on gender equity. Data collated suggest a number of recommendations pertaining to research on, and the implementation of, interventions to improve gender equity in academic and clinical settings.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Disease Severity and Mortality among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vignesh Chidambaram ◽  
Nyan Lynn Tun ◽  
Waqas Haque ◽  
Marie Gilbert Majella ◽  
Ranjith Kumar Sivakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
English Language ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Risk Of Mortality

Background: Understanding the factors associated with disease severity and mortality in Coronavirus disease (COVID19) is imperative to effectively triage patients. We performed a systematic review to determine the demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological factors associated with severity and mortality in COVID-19. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and WHO database for English language articles from inception until May 8, 2020. We included Observational studies with direct comparison of clinical characteristics between a) patients who died and those who survived or b) patients with severe disease and those without severe disease. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two authors independently. Results: Among 15680 articles from the literature search, 109 articles were included in the analysis. The risk of mortality was higher in patients with increasing age, male gender (RR 1.45; 95%CI 1.23,1.71), dyspnea (RR 2.55; 95%CI 1.88,2.46), diabetes (RR 1.59; 95%CI 1.41,1.78), hypertension (RR 1.90; 95%CI 1.69,2.15). Congestive heart failure (OR 4.76; 95%CI 1.34,16.97), hilar lymphadenopathy (OR 8.34; 95%CI 2.57,27.08), bilateral lung involvement (OR 4.86; 95%CI 3.19,7.39) and reticular pattern (OR 5.54; 95%CI 1.24,24.67) were associated with severe disease. Clinically relevant cut-offs for leukocytosis(>10.0 x109/L), lymphopenia(< 1.1 x109/L), elevated C-reactive protein(>100mg/L), LDH(>250U/L) and D-dimer(>1mg/L) had higher odds of severe disease and greater risk of mortality. Conclusion: Knowledge of the factors associated of disease severity and mortality identified in our study may assist in clinical decision-making and critical-care resource allocation for patients with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Cancer services during the COVID-19 pandemic: systematic review of patients' and caregivers' experiences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Symran Dhada ◽  
Derek Stewart ◽  
Ejaz Cheema ◽  
Muhammed Abdul Hadi ◽  
Vibhu Paudyal
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
English Language ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Cancer Services ◽  
Data Extraction Form ◽  
The Impact

Background Cancer patients have faced intersecting crises in the face of COVID-19 pandemic. This review aimed to examine patients' and caregivers' experiences of accessing cancer services during the COVID-19 pandemic and perceived impact of the pandemic on their psychological wellbeing. Methods A protocol-led (CRD42020214906) systematic review was conducted by searching six databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE and CINAHL for articles published in English-language between 1/2020-12/2020. Data were extracted using a pilot-tested, structured data extraction form. Thematic synthesis of data was undertaken and reported as per the PRISMA guideline. Results A total of 1110 articles were screened of which 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies originated from 10 different countries including the US, UK, India and China. Several themes were identified which were categorised into seven categories. Postponement and delays in cancer screening and treatment, drug shortages and inadequate nursing care were commonly experienced by patients. Hospital closures, resource constraints, national lockdowns and patient reluctance to use health services because of infection worries contributed to the delay. Financial and social distress, isolation; and spiritual distress due to the uncertainty of rites as well as fulfilment of last wishes were also commonly reported. Caregivers felt anxious about infecting cancer patients with COVID-19. Conclusions Patients and caregivers experienced extensive impact of COVID-19 on cancer screening, treatment and care, and their own psychological wellbeing. Patient and caregiver views and preferences should be incorporated in ensuring resilient cancer services that can minimise the impact of ongoing and future pandemic on cancer care and mitigate patient fears.

scholarly journals The effective interventions to improve long-term physiotherapy exercise adherence among patients with lower limb osteoarthritis. A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pathmanathan Cinthuja ◽  
Nidhya Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Gamalendira Shivapatham
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Booster Sessions

Abstract Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition that severely effects work life balance impacting psychosocial and socio-economic aspects. Physiotherapy exercise is one of the intervention methods for the management of OA. Adherence to the exercise by patients is essential for the effective management of OA. Objectives: To determine different methods used to enhance physiotherapy exercise adherence for more than 12 months among patients with osteoarthritis and to report the effective method to enhance exercise adherence among people with lower limb osteoarthritis. Design: Systematic review Methods: PubMed, Pedro, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases searched for randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies published in the English language from 2000 to 2020. The date of data extraction was 04 September 2020. Two independent researchers conducted literature search, assessed eligibility, extracted data, conducted methodology quality assessment using the PEDro scale, and conducted risk of bias assessment. A narrative synthesis of key outcomes is presented; preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review was used to report the review. The study protocol was registered in the Prospero (Prospero ID: CRD42020205653). Results: The primary search strategy identified 5839 potentially relevant articles, of which 5157 remained after discarding duplicates. After screening based on title and abstract, 40 papers were potentially eligible for inclusion. Five of these papers met all predefined eligibility criteria. Introducing methods to enhance exercise adherence has caused a significant increase in exercise adherence for the short term (less than six months or 12 months). There were no significant differences, long-term adherence with different methods, reported. The results indicate that booster sessions (89.69%) and telephone-linked communication (86%) had higher percentages for the exercise adherence. Secondary outcomes such as pain, stiffness, function, show positive outcomes with increasing exercise adherence. However, there were no significant differences reported. Conclusion: The booster sessions and telephone-linked communication appear to enhance exercise adherence for more than 12 months among patients with osteoarthritis. However, a number of high-quality studies are inadequate to confirm our findings. Therefore, more studies with higher methodological quality are needed to determine the best strategies to enhance long-term exercise adherence among people with osteoarthritis. Key terms: Osteoarthritis, Long term, Exercise adherence

Reduction of ileocolic intussusception under sedation or anaesthesia: a systematic review of complications

2021 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2021-322706
Author(s):  
Moran Gal ◽  
Shirly Gamsu ◽  
Ron Jacob ◽  
Daniel M Cohen ◽  
Itai Shavit
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intestinal Perforation ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Pulmonary Aspiration ◽  
Ileocolic Intussusception ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Permanent Neurological Deficit ◽  
Ottawa Scale

BackgroundDespite the increased use of sedation in children undergoing stressful procedures, reduction of ileocolic intussusception (RII) is usually performed on awake children without any form of sedation.ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence of severe complications of RII under sedation or anaesthesia.DesignA systematic review including English language original articles of any date.PatientsChildren undergoing RII (pneumatic or hydrostatic) under sedation or anaesthesia.Data sourcesOvid Embase, Scopus, PubMed, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the internet search engine Google Scholar.Data extractionThree authors independently reviewed each article for eligibility. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of included studies.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the incidence of intestinal perforation during RII. The secondary outcomes were the incidence of sentinel adverse events defined as death, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, permanent neurological deficit and pulmonary aspiration syndrome.ResultsThe search yielded 368 articles. Nine studies with 1391 cases were included in the analysis. Of the nine studies, six had a score of ≤6 stars in the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessment, indicating low-to-moderate quality. Propofol-based sedation was used in 849 (59.2%) cases; 5 (0.6%) had intestinal perforation. Intestinal perforation was not reported in patients who were sedated with other sedatives. One patient had pulmonary aspiration syndrome.ConclusionsAlthough caution remains warranted, current data suggest that the incidence of severe complications due to RII under sedation or anaesthesia is low. Due to the lack of prospective data, it is difficult to ascertain the exact incidence of severe complications.

scholarly journals Pre-arrest and intra-arrest prognostic factors associated with survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest: systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. l6373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon M Fernando ◽  
Alexandre Tran ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Bram Rochwerg ◽  
Monica Taljaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Abstract Objective To determine associations between important pre-arrest and intra-arrest prognostic factors and survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Medline, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception to 4 February 2019. Primary, unpublished data from the United Kingdom National Cardiac Arrest Audit database. Study selection criteria English language studies that investigated pre-arrest and intra-arrest prognostic factors and survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest. Data extraction PROGRESS (prognosis research strategy group) recommendations and the CHARMS (critical appraisal and data extraction for systematic reviews of prediction modelling studies) checklist were followed. Risk of bias was assessed by using the QUIPS tool (quality in prognosis studies). The primary analysis pooled associations only if they were adjusted for relevant confounders. The GRADE approach (grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation) was used to rate certainty in the evidence. Results The primary analysis included 23 cohort studies. Of the pre-arrest factors, male sex (odds ratio 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.73 to 0.95, moderate certainty), age 60 or older (0.50, 0.40 to 0.62, low certainty), active malignancy (0.57, 0.45 to 0.71, high certainty), and history of chronic kidney disease (0.56, 0.40 to 0.78, high certainty) were associated with reduced odds of survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest. Of the intra-arrest factors, witnessed arrest (2.71, 2.17 to 3.38, high certainty), monitored arrest (2.23, 1.41 to 3.52, high certainty), arrest during daytime hours (1.41, 1.20 to 1.66, high certainty), and initial shockable rhythm (5.28, 3.78 to 7.39, high certainty) were associated with increased odds of survival. Intubation during arrest (0.54, 0.42 to 0.70, moderate certainty) and duration of resuscitation of at least 15 minutes (0.12, 0.07 to 0.19, high certainty) were associated with reduced odds of survival. Conclusion Moderate to high certainty evidence was found for associations of pre-arrest and intra-arrest prognostic factors with survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42018104795

scholarly journals Sleep Duration in Relation to Cognitive Function among Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth E. Devore ◽  
Francine Grodstein ◽  
Eva S. Schernhammer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Sleep Parameters

Context: Increasing evidence suggests that circadian and sleep parameters influence cognitive function with aging. Objective: To evaluate observational studies of sleep duration and cognition in older adults. Data Sources: A systematic review of OVID Medline and PsycINFO through September 2015, and review of bibliographies from studies identified. Study Selection: English-language articles reporting observational studies of sleep duration and cognitive function in older populations. Data Extraction: Data extraction by 2 authors using predefined categories of desired information. Results: Thirty-two studies met our inclusion criteria, with nearly two-thirds published in the past 4 years. One-third of studies indicated that extreme sleep durations were associated with worse cognition in older adults. More studies favored an association with long vs. short sleep durations (35 vs. 26% of studies, respectively). Four studies found that greater changes in sleep duration over time were related to lower cognition. Study design and analytic methods were very heterogeneous across studies; therefore, meta-analysis was not undertaken. Limitations: We reviewed English-language manuscripts only, with a qualitative summary of studies identified. Conclusions and Implications of Key Findings: Observational studies of sleep duration and cognitive function in older adults have produced mixed results, with more studies suggesting that long (rather than short) sleep durations are related to worse cognition. Studies more consistently indicate that greater changes in sleep duration are associated with poor cognition. Future studies should be prospectively designed, with objective sleep assessment and longer follow-up periods; intervention studies are also needed to identify strategies for promoting cognitive health with aging.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Applied to Diagnosis of Human Diseases: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5135
Author(s):  
Nuria Caballé-Cervigón ◽  
José L. Castillo-Sequera ◽  
Juan A. Gómez-Pulido ◽  
José M. Gómez-Pulido ◽  
María L. Polo-Luque
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Journal Citation Reports

Human healthcare is one of the most important topics for society. It tries to find the correct effective and robust disease detection as soon as possible to patients receipt the appropriate cares. Because this detection is often a difficult task, it becomes necessary medicine field searches support from other fields such as statistics and computer science. These disciplines are facing the challenge of exploring new techniques, going beyond the traditional ones. The large number of techniques that are emerging makes it necessary to provide a comprehensive overview that avoids very particular aspects. To this end, we propose a systematic review dealing with the Machine Learning applied to the diagnosis of human diseases. This review focuses on modern techniques related to the development of Machine Learning applied to diagnosis of human diseases in the medical field, in order to discover interesting patterns, making non-trivial predictions and useful in decision-making. In this way, this work can help researchers to discover and, if necessary, determine the applicability of the machine learning techniques in their particular specialties. We provide some examples of the algorithms used in medicine, analysing some trends that are focused on the goal searched, the algorithm used, and the area of applications. We detail the advantages and disadvantages of each technique to help choose the most appropriate in each real-life situation, as several authors have reported. The authors searched Scopus, Journal Citation Reports (JCR), Google Scholar, and MedLine databases from the last decades (from 1980s approximately) up to the present, with English language restrictions, for studies according to the objectives mentioned above. Based on a protocol for data extraction defined and evaluated by all authors using PRISMA methodology, 141 papers were included in this advanced review.

scholarly journals Cancer Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review of Patients’ and Caregivers’ Experiences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Symran Dhada ◽  
Derek Stewart ◽  
Ejaz Cheema ◽  
Muhammed Abdul Hadi ◽  
Vibhu Paudyal
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
English Language ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Cancer Services ◽  
Data Extraction Form ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Cancer patients have faced intersecting crises in the face of COVID-19 pandemic. This review aimed to examine patients’ and caregivers’ experiences of accessing cancer services during the COVID-19 pandemic and perceived impact of the pandemic on their psychological wellbeing.Methods A protocol-led (CRD42020214906) systematic review was conducted by searching six databases including EMBASE, MEDLINE and CINAHL for articles published in English-language between 1/2020-12/2020. Data were extracted using a pilot-tested, structured data extraction form. Thematic synthesis of data was undertaken and reported as per the PRISMA guideline. Results A total of 1110 articles were screened of which 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies originated from 10 different countries including the US, UK, India and China. Several themes were identified which were categorised into seven categories. Postponement and delays in cancer screening and treatment, drug shortages and inadequate nursing care were commonly experienced by patients. Hospital closures, resource constraints, national lockdowns and patient reluctance to use health services because of infection worries contributed to the delay. Financial and social distress, isolation; and spiritual distress due to the uncertainty of rites as well as fulfilment of last wishes were also commonly reported. Caregivers felt anxious about infecting cancer patients with COVID-19. Conclusions Patients and caregivers experienced extensive impact of COVID-19 on cancer screening, treatment and care, and their own psychological wellbeing. Patient and caregiver views and preferences should be incorporated in ensuring resilient cancer services that can minimise the impact of ongoing and future pandemic on cancer care and mitigate patient fears. Protocol Registration Published protocol registered with Centre for Review and Dissemination CRD42020214906 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=214906)

scholarly journals Data extraction methods for systematic review (semi)automation: A living systematic review

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Lena Schmidt ◽  
Babatunde K. Olorisade ◽  
Luke A. McGuinness ◽  
James Thomas ◽  
Julian P. T. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Standard Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Accuracy Data ◽  
Full Text Screening

Background: The reliable and usable (semi)automation of data extraction can support the field of systematic review by reducing the workload required to gather information about the conduct and results of the included studies. This living systematic review examines published approaches for data extraction from reports of clinical studies. Methods: We systematically and continually search MEDLINE, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), arXiv, and the dblp computer science bibliography databases. Full text screening and data extraction are conducted within an open-source living systematic review application created for the purpose of this review. This iteration of the living review includes publications up to a cut-off date of 22 April 2020. Results: In total, 53 publications are included in this version of our review. Of these, 41 (77%) of the publications addressed extraction of data from abstracts, while 14 (26%) used full texts. A total of 48 (90%) publications developed and evaluated classifiers that used randomised controlled trials as the main target texts. Over 30 entities were extracted, with PICOs (population, intervention, comparator, outcome) being the most frequently extracted. A description of their datasets was provided by 49 publications (94%), but only seven (13%) made the data publicly available. Code was made available by 10 (19%) publications, and five (9%) implemented publicly available tools. Conclusions: This living systematic review presents an overview of (semi)automated data-extraction literature of interest to different types of systematic review. We identified a broad evidence base of publications describing data extraction for interventional reviews and a small number of publications extracting epidemiological or diagnostic accuracy data. The lack of publicly available gold-standard data for evaluation, and lack of application thereof, makes it difficult to draw conclusions on which is the best-performing system for each data extraction target. With this living review we aim to review the literature continually.

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