scholarly journals Molecular Survey on Kobuviruses in Domestic and Wild Ungulates From Northwestern Italian Alps

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Di Martino ◽  
Federica Di Profio ◽  
Serena Robetto ◽  
Paola Fruci ◽  
Vittorio Sarchese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Vp1 Gene ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Italian Alps ◽  
Mutual Exchange ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Partial Rdrp

Since the first identification in 1989 in humans, kobuviruses (KoVs) have been identified from a wide range of animal species including carnivores, rodents, birds, ungulates, rabbits, and bats. Several studies have described the identification of genetically related KoVs in the fecal virome of domestic and wild animals suggesting a mutual exchange of viruses. By screening a total of 231 fecal samples from wild and domestic ungulates, KoVs RNA was detected in wild boars (3.2%; 2/63), chamois (4.6%; 2/43), and goats (2.6%; 2/77). On phylogenetic analysis of the partial RdRp sequence, the wild boar strains clustered within the species Aichivirus C whilst the strains identified in domestic and wild ruminants grouped into the species Aichivirus B. The complete VP1 gene was obtained for chamois and goat KoVs. Interestingly, upon phylogenetic analysis the strains grouped together with a KoV of ovine origin within a distinct genetic type (B3) of the species Aichivirus B.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of the invasion of Cryptosporidium parvum in farm and wild animals

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kaupke ◽  
Artur Rzeżutka
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Infected Animal ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Livestock Industry ◽  
Surveillance Studies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range

Cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic protozoan parasite occurring in a wide range of hosts. Invasions caused by this parasite have been reported in humans and in many animal species including birds. Despite its worldwide prevalence, infections have usually generated considerable losses in the livestock industry, mostly affecting calves, lambs and goat kids. It has previously been shown that ruminants are a major reservoir of zoonotic Cryptosporidium parvum and contact with an infected animal can lead to human infection. The application of molecular methods for parasitological diagnostics has increased our knowledge on the parasite hosts and its prevalence in humans and animals. They also confirmed their usefulness during epidemiological investigations and in surveillance studies of human and animal cryptosporidiosis. In this review the current state of knowledge concerning the importance of Cryptosporidium parvum invasions in farm and wild animals was presented.

scholarly journals The role of wild animals, other than buffalo, in the current epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease in Zimbabwe

1993 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Anderson ◽  
C. Foggin ◽  
M. Atkinson ◽  
K. J. Sorensen ◽  
R. L. Madekurozva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Syncerus Caffer ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Sat 1 ◽  
Aepyceros Melampus

SummaryBetween 1989 and 1992, 7970 wild ungulates, comprising 14 different species, were tested for antibodies to types SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3 foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus. Of these 1·2% were found to be positive and these included impala (Aepyceros melampus), eland (Taurotragus oryx), waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus) and sable (Hippotragus niger). All the positive animals were either from the wildlife areas where buffalo (Syncerus caffer) occur or from ranches where clinical FMD had occurred in cattle. The role of these animal species in the current epidemiology of FMD in Zimbabwe is discussed.

scholarly journals Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus by Free-Living Wild Animals in Spain

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (16) ◽  
pp. 4865-4870 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Concepción Porrero ◽  
Gregorio Mentaberre ◽  
Sergio Sánchez ◽  
Pedro Fernández-Llario ◽  
Encarna Casas-Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Griffon Vulture ◽  
Iberian Ibex

ABSTRACTThe presence of methicillin-susceptibleStaphylococcus aureus(MSSA) was analyzed in different free-living wild animals to assess the genetic diversity and predominant genotypes on each animal species. Samples were taken from the skin and/or nares, and isolates were characterized byspatyping, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The proportion of MSSA carriers were 5.00, 22.93, 19.78, and 17.67% in Eurasian griffon vulture, Iberian ibex, red deer, and wild boar, respectively (P= 0.057). A higher proportion of isolates (P= 0.000) were recovered from nasal samples (78.51%) than skin samples (21.49%), but the 9.26% of red deer and 18.25% of wild boar would have been undetected if only nasal samples had been tested. Sixty-three differentspatypes were identified, including 25 newspatypes. The most common were t528 (43.59%) in Iberian ibex, t548 and t11212 (15.79% and 14.04%) in red deer, and t3750 (36.11%) in wild boar. By MLST, 27 STs were detected, of which 12 had not been described previously. The most frequent were ST581 for Iberian ibex (48.72%), ST425 for red deer (29.82%), and ST2328 for wild boar (42.36%). Isolates from Eurasian griffon vulture belong to ST133. Host specificity has been observed for the most frequentspatypes and STs (P= 0.000). The highest resistance percentage was found against benzylpenicillin (average, 22.2%), although most of theS. aureusisolates were susceptible to all antimicrobial tested. Basically, MSSA isolates were different from those MRSA isolates previously detected in the same animal species.

scholarly journals Identification of a Novel Equine Papillomavirus in Semen from a Thoroughbred Stallion with a Penile Lesion

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ci-Xiu Li ◽  
Wei-Shan Chang ◽  
Katerina Mitsakos ◽  
James Rodger ◽  
Edward C. Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Disease Association ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Novel Virus

Papillomaviruses (PVs) have been identified in a wide range of animal species and are associated with a variety of disease syndromes including classical papillomatosis, aural plaques, and genital papillomas. In horses, 13 PVs have been described to date, falling into six genera. Using total RNA sequencing (meta-transcriptomics) we identified a novel equine papillomavirus in semen taken from a thoroughbred stallion suffering a genital lesion, which was confirmed by nested RT-PCR. We designate this novel virus Equus caballus papillomavirus 9 (EcPV9). The complete 7656 bp genome of EcPV9 exhibited similar characteristics to those of other horse papillomaviruses. Phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated E1-E2-L2-L1 amino acid sequences revealed that EcPV9 clustered with EcPV2, EcPV4, and EcPV5, although was distinct enough to represent a new viral species within the genus Dyoiotapapillomavirus (69.35%, 59.25%, and 58.00% nucleotide similarity to EcPV2, EcPV4, and EcPV5, respectively). In sum, we demonstrate the presence of a novel equine papillomavirus for which more detailed studies of disease association are merited.

Registration of animal rabies in Krasnodar region

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Oleg Yu. Chernykh ◽  
◽  
Vadim A. Bobrov ◽  
Sergey N. Zabashta ◽  
Roman A. Krivonos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Reporting Data

Rabies remains a constant threat to humanity in many parts of the world. At the same time, scientifically grounded antiepizootic measures should be based on the peculiarities of the regional epizootology of this zooanthroponosis. The authors studied the epizootological and statistical reporting data of the Kropotkin Regional Veterinary Laboratory, presented an analysis of the registration of rabies in animals in Krasnodar region. From the obtained data, it should be noted that despite the wide range of animals involved in the epizootic process of rabies infection in Krasnodar region, dogs, cats and foxes play a major role in the reservation and spread of infection, which account for 78.6. Of the total number of registered cases, 15.5% falls on foxes, that indicates the natural focus of the disease, along with the manifestation of the disease in an urban form. At the same time, stray and neglected dogs and cats, which occupy a significant place among the total number of sick animals, are also sources and spread of the infection. Thus farm animals (8.3% of the total number of infected animals) are a biological dead end for the infection. Isolated cases of the disease were noted in muskrat, donkey, raccoon, raccoon dog, marten, ferret and jackal. The authors also established the specific morbidity of various animal species with rabies infection, that is an important aspect in the development and implementation of antiepizootic measures complex

scholarly journals Hepatitis E Virus RNA Presence in Wild Boar Carcasses at Slaughterhouses in Italy

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1624
Author(s):  
Mario Forzan ◽  
Maria Irene Pacini ◽  
Marcello Periccioli ◽  
Maurizio Mazzei
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
The World ◽  
Undercooked Meat

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a waterborne and foodborne pathogen largely spread around the world. HEV is responsible for acute hepatitis in humans and it is also diffused in domestic and wild animals. In particular, domestic pigs represent the main reservoir of the infection and particular attention should be paid to the consumption of raw and undercooked meat as a possible zoonotic vehicle of the pathogen. Several studies have reported the presence of HEV in wild boar circulating in European countries with similar prevalence rates. In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of HEV in wild boar hunted in specific areas of Tuscany. Sampling was performed by collecting liver samples and also by swabbing the carcasses at the slaughterhouses following hunting activities. Our data indicated that 8/67 (12%) of liver samples and 4/67 (6%) of swabs were positive for HEV RNA. The presence of HEV genome on swabs indicates the possible cross-contamination of carcass surfaces during slaughtering procedures. Altogether, our data indicated that it is essential to promote health education programmes for hunters and consumers to limit the diffusion of the pathogen to humans.

scholarly journals Re-Evaluation of the Podosphaera tridactyla Species Complex in Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Reannon L. Smith ◽  
Tom W. May ◽  
Jatinder Kaur ◽  
Tim I. Sawbridge ◽  
Ross C. Mann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Prunus Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Generation Sequencing

The Podosphaera tridactyla species complex is highly variable morphologically and causes powdery mildew on a wide range of Prunus species, including stone fruit. A taxonomic revision of the Po. tridactyla species complex in 2020 identified 12 species, seven of which were newly characterised. In order to clarify which species of this complex are present in Australia, next generation sequencing was used to isolate the fungal ITS+28S and host matK chloroplast gene regions from 56 powdery mildew specimens of stone fruit and ornamental Prunus species accessioned as Po. tridactyla or Oidium sp. in Australian reference collections. The specimens were collected in Australia, Switzerland, Italy and Korea and were collected from 1953 to 2018. Host species were confirmed using matK phylogenetic analysis, which identified that four had been misidentified as Prunus but were actually Malusprunifolia. Podosphaera species were identified using ITS+28S phylogenetic analysis, recognising three Podosphaera species on stone fruit and related ornamental Prunus hosts in Australia. These were Po.pannosa, the rose powdery mildew, and two species in the Po. tridactyla species complex: Po. ampla, which was the predominant species, and a previously unidentified species from peach, which we describe here as Po. cunningtonii.

Use of tall fescue EST-SSR markers in phylogenetic analysis of cool-season forage grasses

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A. Rouf Mian ◽  
Malay C Saha ◽  
Andrew A Hopkins ◽  
Zeng-Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Phylogenetic Relations ◽  
Wide Range

Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are highly useful molecular markers for plant improvement. Expressed sequence tag (EST)-SSR markers have a higher rate of transferability across species than genomic SSR markers and are thus well suited for application in cross-species phylogenetic studies. Our objectives were to examine the amplification of tall fescue EST-SSR markers in 12 grass species representing 8 genera of 4 tribes from 2 subfamilies of Poaceae and the applicability of these markers for phylogenetic analysis of grass species. About 43% of the 145 EST-SSR primer pairs produced PCR bands in all 12 grass species and had high levels of polymorphism in all forage grasses studied. Thus, these markers will be useful in a variety of forage grass species, including the ones tested in this study. SSR marker data were useful in grouping genotypes within each species. Lolium temulentum, a potential model species for cool-season forage grasses, showed a close relation with the major Festuca–Lolium species in the study. Tall wheatgrass was found to be closely related to hexaploid wheat, thereby confirming the known taxonomic relations between these species. While clustering of closely related species was found, the effectiveness of such data in evaluating distantly related species needs further investigations. The phylogenetic trees based on DNA sequences of selected SSR bands were in agreement with the phylogenetic relations based on length polymorphism of SSRs markers. Tall fescue EST-SSR markers depicted phylogenetic relations among a wide range of cool-season forage grass species and thus are an important resource for researchers working with such grass species.Key words: phylogeny, EST-SSR, forage grasses, tall fescue.

scholarly journals Acceptance threshold theory can explain occurrence of homosexual behaviour

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20140603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina C. Engel ◽  
Lisa Männer ◽  
Manfred Ayasse ◽  
Sandra Steiger
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Search Time ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Burying Beetles ◽  
Acceptance Threshold ◽  
Threshold Theory ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Perceived Costs

Same-sex sexual behaviour (SSB) has been documented in a wide range of animals, but its evolutionary causes are not well understood. Here, we investigated SSB in the light of Reeve's acceptance threshold theory. When recognition is not error-proof, the acceptance threshold used by males to recognize potential mating partners should be flexibly adjusted to maximize the fitness pay-off between the costs of erroneously accepting males and the benefits of accepting females. By manipulating male burying beetles' search time for females and their reproductive potential, we influenced their perceived costs of making an acceptance or rejection error. As predicted, when the costs of rejecting females increased, males exhibited more permissive discrimination decisions and showed high levels of SSB; when the costs of accepting males increased, males were more restrictive and showed low levels of SSB. Our results support the idea that in animal species, in which the recognition cues of females and males overlap to a certain degree, SSB is a consequence of an adaptive discrimination strategy to avoid the costs of making rejection errors.

Marine Wildlife Bycatch Under the CMS: Progress and Prospects

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-240
Keyword(s):  
Marine Species ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Considerable Potential ◽  
Marine Turtles ◽  
Incidental Capture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Marine Wildlife

AbstractThis article explains the provisions of the Convention for the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) and its subsidiary marine wildlife instruments as they relate to bycatch management. The CMS was primarily developed with the purpose of protecting and conserving migratory species and their habitats. The Convention was initially regarded as little more than a paper accord. Since its inception the CMS has undergone gradual significant changes not only in its scope but also in its geographical coverage. There are ten subsidiary instruments currently in force under the CMS which include regional accords on a wide range of marine species such as cetaceans, marine turtles and pinnipeds. These agreements have considerable potential for regulating the incidental capture of marine wildlife in fisheries. Issues of interest in regard to these agreements include the use of non-binding instruments, and mechanisms for coordination between accords. This article examines the CMS and its subsidiary instruments; it identifies challenges facing the Convention, and provides options for the development of more comprehensive approaches to the management of bycatch.

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