scholarly journals Size Variability in Seed Lot Impact Seed Nutritional Balance, Seedling Vigor, Microbial Composition and Plant Performance of Common Corn Hybrids

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Saveetha Kandasamy ◽  
Nimalka Weerasuriya ◽  
Daniella Gritsiouk ◽  
Greg Patterson ◽  
Soledad Saldias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Plant Vigor ◽  
Microbial Profile

Soils with highly uniform textural, physical, and chemical characteristics still give rise to crop stand variability. Seed quality is one of the factors adding to yield variability and has become a concern for corn growers. Hybrid seed producers claim that their seeds provide a uniformity in crop emergence and productivity, but they do not always provide detailed studies to support this claim. Based on growers’ concerns, we examined fields planted with three different hybrid varieties and found that 25% to 50% of the stand had relatively weak vigor, where seed variety A showed 15% of seedlings with lower vigor, and varieties B and C had 30% of seedlings with low vigor. These apparent differences in plant vigor prompted us to initiate a cursory investigation to identify how seed size influenced seedling vigor and if the seedling’s microbial profile played a role in the early growth stages of three commonly grown corn hybrids in Ontario. Seeds were separated based on size, prior to conducting a growth room study. Different sizes of seeds from the same seed lot showed significant differences in vigor capacity and related biometric components. Significant differences were also found in their nutritional composition and microbial profiles within the different seed sizes and the roots and shoots of seedlings derived from such seeds. The results clearly indicate that seed size greatly impacts the plant growth and its microbiome, resulting in seedlings with different plant vigor, microbiomes, and performance.

scholarly journals Impact of seed size on seeds viability, vigor and storability of Hordeum vulgare (L.)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Massimi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
The Impact

Seed size may influence seed germination, and seedling vigor. Few investigations are available about the effect of seed size on barley seedling vigor in Jordan. The present study was designed to investigate the impact of seed size on germination percentage, seedling dry weight, seedling vigor index, and germination percentage after accelerated aging in barley. Three seed sizes i.e. large, medium, and small (having diameter of > 2.75 millimeter, 2.5 - 2.75 millimeter, and less than 2.5 millimeter, respectively) were tested in the experiment. Seed quality for different seed size categories was evaluated in the laboratory by measuring seed germination, germination after accelerated aging, as well seedling dry weight and vigor index. Results showed significant differences for large seeds in germination percentages, seedling dry weight and vigor index. It may be concluded that large seed size of barley showed best quality.

scholarly journals Relationship between nitrogen sources, germination and vigor of soybean seeds

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-314
Author(s):  
J. Marcos-Filho ◽  
C.C. Custodio ◽  
G.M.S. Camara ◽  
E.A. Marcos ◽  
R.E. Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Inoculant Carrier ◽  
Different Growth Stages

This research was conducted in two experimental areas; the first had been under cultivation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum anually inoculated for several years and the second was cultivated with sugarcane for many years receiving only mineral fertilization. Mineral nitrogen (urea and ammonium) effect was compared with the effects of inoculant treatments (liquid and peat carriers) on plant development, yield and seed quality. After harvesting, seeds were stored under normal environmental conditions and tested periodically. Germination, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and seedling emergence tests showed that seeds coming from the area where inoculation was practiced have better quality. Best plant performance regarding plant height at different growth stages and yield was also found in this area. Among the nitrogen sources studied, best results were obtained when peat was the inoculant carrier.

Combinations of Herbicides and other Pesticides on Soybeans

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seedling Vigor

The growth of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedlings was retarded when treated with either methyl 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoate (amiben methyl ester) or α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) when compared with soybeans treated with either 3-[-p-(p-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1,1-dimethylurea (chloroxuron) or 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea linuron. Seedling growth of soybeans also was retarded when treated with amiben methyl ester alone or applied in combination with O,O-diethyl S[2-(ethylthio)ethyl] phosphorodithioate (disulfoton). Insecticides did not influence growth of soybeans. Linuron applied in combination with O,O-diethyl S-[(ethyl-thio)methyl] phosphorodithioate (phorate). or methyl-N-[(methylcarbamoyl)oxy] thioacetimidate (methomyl) and amiben ester applied in combination with phorate produced significantly lower seedling vigor during only 1 year than when each pesticide was applied alone. Soybean stands were significantly lower only in 1 year when linuron was applied in combination with methomyl. None of the pesticides applied alone or in combination caused significant differences in date of maturity, lodging, seed yield, seed size, or seed quality during either year.

scholarly journals Microbial profile of grain liquid of dogs of different age groups

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Vladimirovich Krasnikov ◽  
Ekaterina Sergeevna Krasnikova ◽  
Tatiana Antonovna Chistyakova ◽  
Daria Dmitrievna Morozova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Gingival Fluid

The article presents the results of a comparison of the microbial composition of the gingival fluid of dogs of different age groups. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the data obtained during the study allow us to predict the risk factors for damage to periodontal tissues, as well as to determine the choice of antiseptic and antibiotic, the duration of the course of their use.  

scholarly journals Critical-point yield model to estimate yield damage caused by Cercospora zea-maydis in corn

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlei M. Reis ◽  
Jones A.P. Santos ◽  
Marta Maria C. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Damage Threshold ◽  
Damage Function ◽  
Gray Leaf Spot ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Grain Drying

A model to estimate damage caused by gray leaf spot of corn (Cercospora zea-maydis) was developed from experimental field data gathered during the summer seasons of 2000/01 and during the second crop season [January-seedtime] of 2001, in the southwest of Goiás state. Three corn hybrids were grown over two seasons and on two sites, resulting in 12 experimental plots. A disease intensity gradient (lesions per leaf) was generated through application, three times over the season, of five different doses of the fungicide propiconazol. From tasseling onward, disease intensity on the ear leaf (El), and El - 1, El - 2, El + 1, and El + 2, was evaluated weekly. A manual harvest at the physiological ripening stage was followed by grain drying and cleaning. Finally, grain yield in kg.ha-1 was estimated. Regression analysis, performed between grain yield and all combinations of the number of lesions on each leaf type, generated thirty linear equations representing the damage function. To estimate losses caused by different disease intensities at different corn growth stages, these models should first be validated. Damage coefficients may be used in determining the economic damage threshold.

scholarly journals Exploring the role of gut microbiota in host feeding behavior among breeds in swine

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqing He ◽  
Francesco Tiezzi ◽  
Jeremy Howard ◽  
Yijian Huang ◽  
Kent Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequence Variants ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Large White ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Host Metabolism

Abstract Background The interplay between the gut microbiota and feeding behavior has consequences for host metabolism and health. The present study aimed to explore gut microbiota overall influence on feeding behavior traits and to identify specific microbes associated with the traits in three commercial swine breeds at three growth stages. Feeding behavior measures were obtained from 651 pigs of three breeds (Duroc, Landrace, and Large White) from an average 73 to 163 days of age. Seven feeding behavior traits covered the information of feed intake, feeder occupation time, feeding rate, and the number of visits to the feeder. Rectal swabs were collected from each pig at 73 ± 3, 123 ± 4, and 158 ± 4 days of age. DNA was extracted and subjected to 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. Results Differences in feeding behavior traits among breeds during each period were found. The proportion of phenotypic variances of feeding behavior explained by the gut microbial composition was small to moderate (ranged from 0.09 to 0.31). A total of 21, 10, and 35 amplicon sequence variants were found to be significantly (q-value < 0.05) associated with feeding behavior traits for Duroc, Landrace, and Large White across the three sampling time points. The identified amplicon sequence variants were annotated to five phyla, with Firmicutes being the most abundant. Those amplicon sequence variants were assigned to 28 genera, mainly including Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-004, Dorea, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, and Marvinbryantia. Conclusions This study demonstrated the importance of the gut microbial composition in interacting with the host feeding behavior and identified multiple archaea and bacteria associated with feeding behavior measures in pigs from either Duroc, Landrace, or Large White breeds at three growth stages. Our study provides insight into the interaction between gut microbiota and feeding behavior and highlights the genetic background and age effects in swine microbial studies.

scholarly journals The effect of early social contact on the community structure and functions of  fecal microbiome in suckling - growing piglets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanju Bi ◽  
Runze Liu ◽  
Wenbo Ji ◽  
Lei Pan ◽  
Haidong Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract Background: Social contact in the early suckling period as an enriched social environment can reduce the aggressive behaviors of piglets at weaning regrouping, and improve their production performance and welfare. We speculated that the social environment could modulate the maturation of piglet intestinal microbiota at later growth stages. Therefore, we performed microbial 16S rRNA gene sequencing from fecal samples, collected at 16, 35, 42, and 63 days of age, to investigate the structure and function of intestinal microbiota in piglets that experienced early social contact. Results: The results showed that the litter weight of the piglets was not significantly different between the control (CON) and social contact (SC) groups at 35 days of age (P > 0.05), but the weight of piglets in the SC group significantly decreased at 63 days compared to the CON group (P < 0.05). While the proportion of Firmicutes were the most abundant bacterial phylum detected in both groups at all times, the proportion of Firmicutes and the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroides ratio were significantly higher in the SC group compared to the CON group and the proportion of Bacteroides was lower in the SC group compared to the CON group at 35, 42, and 63 days of age (P < 0.05). At the genus level, early social contact had a significant positive effect on the level of Lactobacillus at 35 and 42 days of age (P < 0.05), but a negative effect on Prevotella at 35, 42, and 63 days of age (P < 0.05). Furthermore, functional analysis of the microbial composition showed that the changes induced by early social contact mainly altered the relative abundance of metabolic and related pathways. From 35 days of age, the social contact notably had a negative effect on the abundance microbial pathways for protein digestion and absorption and lipid metabolism (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Early social contact truly changed the taxonomy of fecal microbiota in piglets, which in turn, impacted the potential for microbial function within the piglet intestine. At present, we speculate that providing continuous social contact negatively influences the nutrient metabolism for the growing piglets.

scholarly journals Combining Ability for Agromorphological and Physiological Traits in Different Gene Pools of Common Bean Subjected to Water Deficit

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Mendonça Arruda ◽  
Vânia Moda-Cirino ◽  
Alessandra Koltun ◽  
Douglas Mariani Zeffa ◽  
Getúlio Takashi Nagashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Group I

Water stress is one of the main limiting factors for common bean crops, negatively affecting grain yield and seed quality. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the inheritance of agromorphological and physiological traits related to drought tolerance in order to identify promising combinations. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with a partial diallel scheme between three drought-tolerant genotypes (IAPAR 81, BAT 477. and SEA 5), and nine cultivars widely grown in Brazil (BRS Estilo, IAC Alvorada, IPR Campos Gerais, IPR Uirapuru, IPR Nhambu, BRS Esteio, IPR Garça, BRS Radiante, and DRK 18), in a randomized block design with four replicates. The plants were grown in pots with substrate under 80% of pot capacity until they reached the stage R5, when water supply was restricted to 30% for 20 days in the pots under stress treatment. A wide variability for the agromorphological and physiological traits was observed. Water deficit reduced plant performance for most agromorphological traits and altered their physiological metabolism. Additive and non-additive effects are involved in the genetic control of the majority of agromorphological and physiological traits both under water stress and control (well-watered) conditions. The parental genotypes BAT 477 (group I) and IAC Alvorada, IPR Uirapuru, and BRS Esteio (group II) may be included in breeding programs aiming at improving drought tolerance in common bean since they present high positive general combining abilities for agromorphological traits. The crosses IAPAR 81 × IPR Campos Gerais, and SEA 5 × BRS Radiante resulted in the best combinations considering grain yield per plant and total dry biomass, when cultivated under water deficit.

Simultaneous effects of reintroduction strategy and seed size on the initial development of two tropical tree species in an abandoned eucalyptus plantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Julie Christine Scaloppi ◽  
Andréa Lúcia Teixeira de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantation ◽  
Hymenaea Courbaril ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
Direct Sowing

Seedling planting is the most common strategy used to reintroduce tropical native tree species; however, direct sowing has simplicity and operational ease advantages. Functional traits such as seed size and growth rates have been shown to be relevant for better plant performance. We evaluated the effects of intraspecific variation in seed size and the reintroduction strategy simultaneously on the development of Hymenaea courbaril (L.) and Enterolobium timbouva (Mart.) introduced in an abandoned eucalyptus plantation over 462 days. Plants from small, medium and large seeds were reintroduced by planting seedlings and direct seeding. Both species achieved high rates of emergence and survival was high in the two reintroduction strategies. Seed size was not related to emergence and mean time to emergence for either species. The survival of both species was higher than 74% in the field, and seed size had little effect on survival rates. In general, H. courbaril plants introduced by direct sowing had higher growth, and seed size correlated positively with stem size. In contrast, the growth of E. timbouva plants introduced by seedling planting was higher than in plants introduced by direct sowing regardless of seed size. The light requirements of this species seem higher than for H. courbaril. Our results suggest the feasibility of reintroducing species by direct sowing in eucalyptus understory, but since plant growth varies between species, there may be a balance between the advantage of the initial plant size provided by planting seedlings and the advantage of a better root development provided by direct sowing.

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