scholarly journals Agromorphological Characterization Revealed Three Phenotypic Groups in a Region-Wide Germplasm of Fonio (Digitaria exilis (Kippist) Stapf) from West Africa

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1653
Author(s):  
Abdou R. Ibrahim Bio Yerima ◽  
Enoch G. Achigan-Dako ◽  
Mamadou Aissata ◽  
Emmanuel Sekloka ◽  
Claire Billot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Morphological Descriptors ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Phenotypic Groups ◽  
Group 1

Fonio is an ancient orphan cereal, cultivated by resource-poor farmers in arid and semi-arid regions of West Africa, who conserved and used the cereal for nutrition and income generation. However, the extent and patterns of phenotypic variation within the fonio germplasm remain scarcely evaluated to inform breeding decisions. In this study, we used alpha lattice design to assess the phenotypic variability of 180 fonio accessions using 20 agro morphological descriptors, including both qualitative and quantitative traits at Bengou research station in 2018 and 2019. Descriptive statistics, combined analysis and multivariate analyses, including principal components analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering, and multiple factor analysis (MFA) were performed. As results, we found significant differences among fonio accessions and among agro ecological zones of provenance for most of the quantitative traits. Furthermore, highly significant positive correlations were found between grain yield and other yield-related attributes such as harvest index and thousand seeds weight, whereas significant negative correlations were found between grain yield and flowering and maturity times. Clusters analysis revealed three phenotypic groups. Group 1 was characterized by early maturing fonio accessions with higher grain yield. Groups 2 and 3 were characterized by late maturing accessions with intermediate to moderate grain yield. The accessions from Group 1 are candidate for yield improvement and development of fonio lines with enhanced lodging resistance. Accessions from Group 2 and 3 can be improved for yield through marker-assisted selection of best thousand seed weight. This study highlights how traits are correlated within the major phenotypic groups of fonio in West Africa, and we discussed how these groups could be further exploited for improving traits of economic importance. Furthermore, this study exhibited agro morphological descriptors that discriminate fonio accessions and provide useful information for parental selection with economically important agronomic traits.

Performance Evaluation of Grain Yield and Yield Related Traits in Common bean Genotypes at Yabello and Abaya, Southern Ethiopia

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Ejigu Ejara, Wassu Mohammed, Berhanu Amsalu ◽  
Zinash Misgana, Mulatu Gabisa, Ganane Tasama
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Borana Zone ◽  
Home Consumption

Common bean is among the major crops grown in southern Ethiopia including Borana zone where the majority of the farmers are Agro-pastoralist and produce the crop mainly for home consumption. The area has potential to the production of common bean for food and nutrition security as well as export commodity. However, scarcity of varieties that fit to the environment is one of the major constraints of production. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate 36 common bean genotypes including seven released varieties to evaluate performance of genotypes for yield and agronomic traits. The field experiment was conducted in 2015 at two locations (Abaya and Yabello) and genotypes were planted in triple lattice design. Data were collected on yield and important agronomic traits. Analysis of variance computed for individual locations and combined analysis over locations revealed significant variations among genotypes for all traits. Moreover, 16.67% of the genotypes had mean grain yield greater than the best performing released variety across locations and the genotypes showed a grain yield as high as 3.25 tons ha-1. Based on results of this study it is recommended to test the high yielding and early maturing genotypes at many locations to develop preferred varieties across many locations.

scholarly journals Combining Ability Study for Grain Yield and Agronomic Traits of Quality Protein Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines Adapted to Mid-Altitude Agroecology of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-304
Author(s):  
Lemi Mideksa Yadesa ◽  
Sentayehu Alamerew ◽  
Berhanu Tadesse
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Almost All

In spite of the importance of quality protein maize to alleviate protein deficiency, almost all maize varieties cultivated in Ethiopia are normal maize varieties, which are devoid of lysine and tryptophan. Perusing the combining ability of QPM inbred for grain yield and its components is vital to design appropriate breeding strategies for the development of nutritionally enhanced maize cultivars. A line x tester analysis involving 36 crosses generated by crossing 9  elite maize inbred lines with 4 testers were evaluated for different desirable agronomic traits during the 2019 main season at BNMRC and JARC. The experiment was conducted using alpha lattice design with 3 replications. The objectives were to determine the combining ability of quality protein maize inbred lines, adapted to mid altitude agroecology of Ethiopia for agronomic traits. The crosses were evaluated in alpha lattice design replicated 3 times. Analyses of variances showed significant mean squares due to crosses for almost all the traits studied. GCA mean squares due to lines and testers were significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01) for most studied traits. SCA mean squares were also significant for most attributes across locations. The comparative importance of GCA and SCA variances observed in the current study for most studied traits indicated the preponderance of additive genetic variance in governing these attributes. Only L3 was the best general combiner for grain yield. Inbred line L3, for days to anthesis and L5 for days to silking had negative and significant GCA effects. L5 and L6 displayed negative and significant GCA effects for plant and ear height. Crosses, L2xT4, L3xT4, L4xT4, L5xT2, L6xT3, L7xT2, L9xT1 and L9xT4 were good specific combiners for grain yield. In general, these genotypes help as a source of promising alleles that could be used for forthcoming breeding work in the development of quality protein maize cultivars with desirable traits.

Evaluation of the performance of sorghum genotypes using GGE biplot

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1205-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmore Gasura ◽  
Peter S. Setimela ◽  
Caleb M. Souta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Sorghum Production ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes

Gasura, E., Setimela, P. S. and Souta, C. M. 2015. Evaluation of the performance of sorghum genotypes using GGE biplot. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1205–1214. In spite of sorghum's drought tolerance, it is largely affected by genotype×environment interaction (GE), making it difficult and expensive to select and recommend new sorghum genotypes for different environments. The objectives of this study were to examine the nature of GE for sorghum grain yield, to identify superior sorghum genotypes for sorghum production environments and determine ideal testing locations for future breeding activities in Zimbabwe. The grain yield of 20 sorghum genotypes from Seed Co. Pvt. Ltd. were evaluated for 2 yr (2011/2012 and 2012/2013 cropping seasons) at five locations in different agro-ecological zones of Zimbabwe. Combined analyses of variance showed significant differences for genotypes (P<0.01), environments (P<0.001) and genotype×location (P<0.01). Genotype×environment variance component was seven times greater than that of genotypes. Genotype×environment interaction was attributed to the variability in the predictable biotic and abiotic factors associated with the different locations. The genotype main effect plus GE biplot showed that the experimental sorghum genotypes W07, W09, W05, G06 and OP46 were high yielding and stable, and possessed other desirable agronomic traits. The most discriminating and representative location was Rattray Arnold Research Station.

scholarly journals Genotype by environment interaction analysis of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield under rain-fed conditions in Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-619
Author(s):  
B. Tembo
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Genotype By Environment

Understanding genotype by environment interaction (GEI) is important for crop improvement because it aids in the recommendation of cultivars and the identification of appropriate production environments. The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of GEI for the grain yield of wheat grown under rain-fed conditions in Zambia by using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model. The study was conducted in 2015/16 at Mutanda Research Station, Mt. Makulu Research Station and Golden Valley Agricultural Research Trust (GART) in Chibombo. During2016/17, the experiment was performed at Mpongwe, Mt. Makulu Research Station and GART Chibombo, Zambia. Fifty-five rain-fed wheat genotypes were evaluated for grain yield in a 5 × 11 alpha lattice design with two replications. Results revealed the presence of significant variation in yield across genotypes, environments, and GEI indicating the differential performance of genotypes across environments. The variance due to the effect of environments was higher than the variances due to genotypes and GEI. The variances ascribed to environments, genotypes, and GEI accounted for 45.79%, 12.96%, and 22.56% of the total variation, respectively. These results indicated that in rain-fed wheat genotypes under study, grain yield was more controlled by the environment than by genetics. AMMI biplot analysis demonstrated that E2 was the main contributor to the GEI given that it was located farthest from the origin. Furthermore, E2 was unstable yet recorded the highest yield. Genotype G47 contributed highly to the GEI sum of squares considering that it was also located far from the origin. Genotypes G12 and G18 were relatively stable because they were situated close to the origin. Their position indicated that they had minimal interaction with the environment. Genotype 47 was the highest-yielding genotype but was unstable, whereas G34 was the lowest-yielding genotype and was unstable.

scholarly journals Morphological and Yield Traits of Pole-Type French Bean Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
Binod Prasad Luitel ◽  
Santosh Kalauni ◽  
Bishnu Bahadur Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Pole Type ◽  
Pod Number

Understanding the phenotypic variation and association between the grain yield, and other agronomic traits in French bean genotypes is important for its varietal improvement program. Field experiments were conducted during 2018 and 2019 cropping season at Horticulture Research Station, Dailekh, Karnali Province of Nepal to evaluate pole-type French bean genotypes for plant morphological characters, yield and the association between the agronomic traits. Twelve (Bhatte, Chaumase, Dhankute Chhirke, WP Con Bean, White OP, Dhundi Raj, LB-31, LB-37, LB-39, Madhav, Chinese Long, and Trishuli) pole-type French bean genotypes were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Pole-type French bean genotypes showed the significant variation for plant morphological traits and grain yield. Genotype LB-31 exhibited significantly the highest pod number (78.0/plant), green pod weight (675.0 g/plant), green pod yield (36.1 t/ha), and dry grain yield (2.4 t/ha). Following LB-31 genotype, genotype Chaumase and LB-39 produced the highest green pod yield (31.3 t/ha and 31.2 t/ha, respectively). The number of clusters per plant, pod number per plant and green pod weight per plant exhibited the significant positive correlation with green pod and dry grain yield. Hence, these traits can be selected to improve the yield potential of pole-type French bean genotypes. Pole type French bean genotypes used in the experiment were well adapted to the study area. Therefore, the high yielding genotypes viz LB-31, Chaumase and LB-39 could be recommended to use as seed source for on-farm production in Mid-Western Nepal.

scholarly journals Field Assessment of Some Agronomic Traits of Four Groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) Varieties from the Germplasm of Gimbi Research Station

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
A. Kalonji-Mbangila ◽  
S. Minga-Kwete ◽  
V. Mpiana-Tshimanga ◽  
R. Mukendi-Kamambo ◽  
I. Nkonika-Kabamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Field Assessment ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Rate Of Emergence

Aim: To evaluate under agro-environmental conditions of Gimbi research station, some agronomic traits of four groundnut varieties from germplasm of PNL. Study Design: This study was conducted using a randomized complete block design with four treatments repeated three times. Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in Gimbi research station between October 2019 and January 2020 (i.e. 4 months).  Methodology: Trial was conducted using four treatments with three replications. Data collected concerned percentage of seedlings emerged, number of days between sowing and flowering 50%, dry pod weight, weight of unsorted seed, weight of sorted seeds, percentage of good seeds, shelling percentage, average weight of 1,000 seeds and grain yield per hectare. All data were submitted to analysis of variance at 5% probability level.    Results: The rate of seedlings emerged recorded on each groundnut variety was overall less than 50%. All varieties flowered 32 days after sowing. The highest average weight of dry pods (410.8g) was noted on A1408, while the lowest value of dry pod weight (310.6g) was observed on JL24. The highest weight of unsorted seeds (360.9g) was recorded on A1408, while the lowest value (260.7g) was observed on JL24. Variety A1408 presented the highest weight of stored seeds (350.5g), while the lowest value (250.8g) was noted on variety JL24. The highest percentage of good seeds (97.3) was obtained on A1408, while variety Sivi presented the lowest percentage of good seeds (93.2). The highest shelling percentage of groundnut pods (87.6) was obtained on A1408, while the lowest shelling percentage (83.5) was noted on JL24. The lowest weight of 1,000 seeds was noted on Sivi variety (484.6g), and the highest value was recorded on A1408 (522.6g). The highest grain yield (912.9Kg.ha-1) was obtained on variety A1408, while the lowest grain yield was noted on JL24 (690Kg.ha-1). Conclusion: Seeds of all varieties presented a very low rate of emergence (less than 50%). Variety A1408 was more productive than other varieties, and variety JL24 used as control should be regarded as having degenerated.

scholarly journals Variation among Tanzania Rice Germplasm Collections Based on Agronomic Traits and Resistance to Rice Yellow Mottle Virus

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
William Titus Suvi ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Mark Laing ◽  
Isack Mathew ◽  
Admire I. T. Shayanowako
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Rice Yellow Mottle Virus ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Rice Germplasm ◽  
Yellow Mottle ◽  
The Impact

Rice (Oryza species) is a commercial crop worldwide. Across Africa, the potential yield and quality of rice is diminished by a lack of high performance, locally adapted varieties, and the impact of rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV). The objective of this study was to assess the performance of a diverse collection of rice germplasm for RYMV resistance and agronomic traits, and to select promising lines for breeding for Tanzanian conditions. Fifty-four rice genotypes were field evaluated in two important rice production sites (Ifakara and Mkindo) in Tanzania, which are recognized as RYMV hotspots, using a 6 × 9 alpha lattice design with two replications. There was significant (p < 0.05) genotypic variation for agronomic traits and RYMV susceptibility in the tested germplasm. Seven genotypes with moderate to high RYMV resistance were identified, including Salama M-57, SSD1, IRAT 256, Salama M-55, Mwangaza, Lunyuki, and Salama M-19, which were identified as new sources of resistance genes. Positive and significant correlations were detected between grain yield and number of panicles per plant (NPP), panicle length (PL), number of grains per panicle (NGP), percentage-filled grains (PFG), and thousand-grain weight (TGW), which are useful traits for simultaneous selection for rice yield improvement. A principal component analysis allocated five principal components, accounting for 79.88% of the total variation present in the assessed germplasm collection. Traits that contributed most to variability included NPP, number of tillers/plant (NT), PL, grain yield (GY), and days to 50% flowering (DFL). The genotypes Rangimbili, Gigante, and SARO possess complementary agronomic traits and RYMV resistance, and can be recommended for further evaluation, genetic analysis, and breeding.

scholarly journals Keragaan Dan Keragaman Karakter Agronomi Pada Populasi Intra Dan Inter Famili Dura Elit Koleksi Taman Buah Mekarsari [Variability of Some Agronomic Traits Within and Between Family of Mekarsari Elite Dura Population]

Buletin Palma ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azis Natawijaya ◽  
Sintho WA ◽  
Ismail Maskromo ◽  
M. Syukur ◽  
Alex Hartana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Single Family

<p>Genetic variability is a basis for plant genetic improvement. Evaluation of genetic variability in oil palm populations helps breeders in determining traits for selection, determining appropriate selection methods, and identifying promising families. The study was aimed to evaluate the genetic variability within and between family in elite dura population. The research was conducted from January 2014 until December 2016 at Mekarsari Research Station. A total of 287 individuals from 18 different genetic backgrounds were used as research materials. The results showed that the phenotypic variability within and between family are wide. No single family or genotype has any superior characters yet. So a breeding approach is needed to converge all good traits into one genotype or population.</p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Variabiltas genetik merupakan dasar untuk perbaikan genetik tanaman. Evaluasi variabilitas genetik pada populasi kelapa sawit membantu pemulia dalam menentukan karakter dan kriteria seleksi, menentukan metode seleksi yang tepat, dan mengidentifikasi famili-famili potensial yang memiliki karakter harapan. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengevaluasi keragaman beberapa karakter agronomi pada populasi kelapa sawit dura elit. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2014 sampai dengan Desember 2016 di Kebun Percobaan PT. Sasaran Ehsan Mekarsari. Total 287 individu yang berasal dari 18 latar belakang genetik yang berbeda digunakan sebagai bahan tanaman untuk penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakter agronomi pada populasi dura koleksi Mekarsari menunjukkan keragaman yang tinggi baik intra maupun inter famili. Karakter rasio mesocarp dan jumlah biji per tandan memiliki variasi fenotipe yang terluas dan famili atau genotipe yang memiliki semua karakter unggul belum ada. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pendekatan pemuliaan untuk menghimpun sifat-sifat baik ke dalam satu populasi atau memfiksasi gen-gen yang tersebar di antara famili atau genotipe ke dalam satu populasi<br /><br /></p>

scholarly journals Phenotypic correlations between combining abilities of F2 cowpea populations

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Castelo Branco Carvalho ◽  
Kaesel Jackson Damasceno e Silva ◽  
Maurisrael de Moura Rocha ◽  
Massaine Bandeira de Sousa ◽  
Carolline de Jesús Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
Combining Abilities ◽  
Pod Length

Cowpea is a crop that has become socio-economically relevant, mainly in developing countries. Correlation studies are important to determine the association between quantitative traits and yield to guide the selection, i.e., choose direct or indirect selection. The objective was to estimate the correlations between six agronomic traits in cowpea as well as the correlations between the estimates of combining abilities of parents. Genotypes with high pod weight and pod length, 100-grain weight, and number of beans per pod should be used to improve grain yield in cowpea. The breeder should preferably insert plants into his group of crosses that have a high combining ability for pod length, number of grains per pod and yield per plot.

scholarly journals Genetic variability and association of yield and yield components among bread wheat genotypes under drought-stressed conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 863-870
Author(s):  
Yared Semahegn ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Mark Laing ◽  
Isack Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

Drought is one of the major constraints to wheat production and productivity globally. Developing drought-adapted wheat cultivars is paramount to increase wheat productivity under variable rainfall conditions. Understanding the genetic variability and trait association is key to the development of improved wheat cultivars. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of the genetic parameters and associations of yield and yield components of bread wheat genotypes, in order to design appropriate breeding strategies for yield improvement in wheat. One hundred and twenty genotypes were evaluated at five test sites in the 2018/19 cropping season using a 10 x 12 alpha lattice design with two replications. Different sowing dates were used to impose contrasting drought stress levels based on the onset of the main seasonal rains at each site. Data were recorded on agronomic traits such as days to heading (DH), days to maturity (DM), plant height (PH), spike length (SL), spikelet per spike (SS), kernel per spike (KS), 1000 kernel weight (TKW) and grain yield (GY). There was significant (p<0.01) genetic variation for all agronomic traits studied under both drought-stressed and non-stressed conditions. The highest estimates for genetic variance were obtained for DH (54.0%), followed by SL (38.3%). The high heritability estimated for DH (94.4%), SL (90.2%) and SS (85.2%), coupled with a high rate of genetic advance, suggest that direct selection for these traits would be effective under drought-stressed conditions. GY exhibited low genetic advance (9%) and heritability (41.5%) estimates, which were concomitant with its polygenic and complex inheritance pattern. Correlation and path analyses revealed that TKW was the most important contributing trait for improving grain yield under drought-stressed conditions

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