scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Nitrate-N under Rice-Wheat System in Riparian Wetlands of Punjab, North-Western India

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1284
Author(s):  
Bhupinder S. Farmaha ◽  
Pritpal-Singh ◽  
Bijay-Singh
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
World Health ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Western India ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Riparian Wetlands ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
North Western

The nitrate (NO3−) leaching assessment from extensive fertilizer nitrogen (N) applications to croplands is crucial to optimize fertilizer-N recommendations that do not threaten the quality of drinking groundwater. SWAP (Soil Water Atmosphere Plant), a water balance model, was linked with ANIMO (Agricultural NItrogen MOdel), a nitrate leaching model and the Geographical Information System (GIS) to assess the spatial and temporal leaching of NO3−-N from fields under rice-wheat cropping system in the riparian wetlands in the Punjab in north-western India. The results revealed that NO3−-N concentration in the groundwater exceeded the 10 mg NO3−-N L−1 limit set by the World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water only during December–January. The verification of these results using measured values indicated that the SWAP-ANIMO model satisfactorily predicted NO3−-N concentrations in the leachate in the vadose zone. A low value of the mean absolute error (0.5–1.4) and a root mean square error (0.6–1.5) was observed between the measured and the predicted NO3−-N concentration across the soil profile during the validation at five sampling sites. The NO3−-N predictions revealed that in the long-term, the ongoing fertilizer-N management practices in the riparian wetlands will not significantly change the average NO3−-N concentration in the groundwater. The modeling approach was satisfactory for an efficient quantitative assessment of NO3−-N pollution in groundwater while accounting for the spatial and temporal variability.

Long term effect of legume intensified crop rotations and tillage practices on productivity and profitability of maize vis-a-vis soil fertility in North-Western Indo-Gangetic Plains of India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Yadav ◽  
C. M. Parihar ◽  
S. L. Jat ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Western India ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
North Western

The present study was planned to evaluate the long term effect of legume intensified maize based crop rotations and tillage practices on productivity, profitability of maize vis-a-vis soil health. The experiment consisted of three tillage practices i.e. zero tillage (ZT), permanent bed (PB) and conventional tillage (CT) as main plot treatments and four crop rotations (MWMb; maize-wheat-mungbean, MCS; maize-chickpea-Sesbania, MMuMb; maize-mustard-mungbean, MMS; maize-maize-Sesbania) as sub plot treatments. Results revealed that ZT and PB resulted into significantly (P less than 0.05) improvement in grain (7.7-14.2%) and stover yield (7.4-13.0%) of maize over CT. Similarly, maize grain and stover yield were invariably higher in MCS and MWMb systems compared to MMuMb and MMS rotations. The total soil carbon (TSC) content increased by 15.4-17.4 and 20.32-20.91% with ZT and PB over CT in 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depths, respectively. However, MCS and MWMb rotations registered 11.3-18.0% (0-15 cm) and 8.4-11.0% (15-30 cm) higher TSC over MMuMb rotation. Similarly, ZT and PB resulted into significantly (P less than 0.05) improvement in available soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) compared to CT. ZT/PB under MCS crop rotations registered higher net returns and BC ratio compared to rest of the treatment combinations. Interaction effect of tillage and crop rotations were significant (P less than 0.05) for stover yield, net returns, BC ratio and TSC and all these parameters were reported maximum with ZT-MCS. Thus, the present study suggests that CA based crop management practices can be advocated as sustainable intensification strategy in north-western India.

Impact of legume intensified crop rotations and tillage practices on maize productivity vis-à-vis C and N dynamics of a sandy loam soil in north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains of India

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Yadav ◽  
C. M. Parihar ◽  
S. L. Jat ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Western India ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Maize Protein ◽  
North Western ◽  
Soc Stocks

The study was conducted to evaluate long-term effect of legume intensified maize based crop rotations and contrasting tillage practices and a experiment was laid out in split plot design with three tillage practices i.e. zero tillage (ZT), permanent bed (PB) and conventional tillage (CT) as main plot treatments and four legume intensified crop rotations (MWMb - maize-wheat-mungbean, MCS - maize-chickpea-Sesbania, MMuMb - maize-mustard-mungbean and MMS - maize-maize-Sesbania) as sub-plot treatments. Adoption of CA based tillage practices (ZT/PB) significantly improved maize protein yield (MPY). ZT/PB gave 7.7-14.2% higher MPY(Maize protein yield and 7.4-13.0% higher MPYA (maize protein yield for adults) over CT. Similarly, the MPY and MPYA under legume intensified cereal based rotations were invariably higher in MCS and MWMb systems compared to MMuMb and MMS rotations.The total soil nitrogen (TSN) content increased by 15.4-17.4 and 20.32-20.91% with ZT and PB over CT in 0-15 and 15-30 cm soil depths, respectively. However, among the legume intensified rotations the maize planted under MCS and MWMb rotations registered 11.3-18.0% (0-15cm) and 8.4-11.0% (15-30cm) higher TSN over MMuMb and MMS rotation. Similarly, adoption of the CA practices (ZT/PB) resulted into significant improvement in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks compared to CT. ZT and PB among the tillage practices and MCS crop rotations among the sub-plot treatments registered higher Leaf area index (LAI) and net assimilation rate (NAR) compared to other management practices. Interaction effect of tillage practices and crop rotations were significant for MPY, MPYA, TSN and SOC stocks and all these parameters were reported maximum with ZT-MCS. Thus, our study suggests that CA based crop management with legume diversified maize based rotations (MCS and MWMb) can be advocated as sustainable intensification strategy in north-western India and other similar agro-ecologies of South Asia.

Gastrointestinal Protective Effect of Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz) Willd Leaf Extract Against Indomethacin and HCl-EtOH Induced Ulcers

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
Shweta Jain ◽  
Sourabh Jain ◽  
Nagendra S. Chauhan ◽  
Ankur Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Gastric Epithelium ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Western India ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Digestive Disorders ◽  
North Western

Background: Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. (Rhamnaceae) is a straggling shrub or a small tree, armed with spines, found throughout north western India, Pakistan and China. Methods: The aerial and root barks, leaves and fruits of Zizyphus species are used in medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as weakness, liver complaints, obesity, diabetes, skin infections, fever, diarrhea, insomnia and digestive disorders. Ethanolic extract of leaves of Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz) Willd was prepared by solvent extraction and subjected to study the protective effect against Indomethacin and HCl-EtOH induced ulcer using Ranitidine (100 mg/kg) and Omeprazole (8 mg/kg) as standard respectively. Results: Histopathological lesions with marked disorientation of the gastric epithelium was observed in negative control, while extract treated rats showed a better protected mucosa with intact epithelium in comparison to standard treated rats. Ulcer index and percentage ulcer protection also represent protecting effects of the extract. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Z. xylopyrus (Retz) Willd leaves extract was found to be significantly protective against gastric ulcers.

Studies on the origin, evolution, and distribution of the Gramineae. III. The tribes of the subfamily Eragrostoideae

1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Hartley ◽  
C Slater
Keyword(s):  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Western India ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Hot Arid Climate ◽  
South West Africa ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
World Distribution ◽  
North Western

In further studies of grass distribution, maps are presented showing the world distribution of the Eragrosteae (sensu str.) and of the subfamily Eragrostoideae within which it is included. Both taxa show centres of high relative specific differentiation in inland Australia and in South West Africa, but in addition, the subfamily has centres of differentiation in the Sahara rekion, northern Mexico, and north-western India. The centres of differentiation are all in regions of hot, arid climate near the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. The close relationship between climate and distribution is most apparent in the case of the subfamily Eragrostoideae, species of which are relatively abundant in the grass flora of all arid regions with high winter temperatures and summer or non-seasonal rainfall incidence. The distributions of most of the other tribes and subtribes which have been included in the Eragrostoideae show a similar relationship to climate. Some apparent exceptions to this are discussed, and it is shown that the geographical evidence supports conclusions from recent cytotaxonomic and anatomical studies that the taxa concerned should be removed from the subfamily. The very wide distribution of the subfamily and of its constituent taxa, as well as the close relationship between the distribution pattern and climate, suggests that the subfamily is a very old one. Geographical and taxonomic evidence indicates that it may have originated in tropical or subtropical Africa at least as early as the Oligocene.

Assessment of aerosols optical properties and radiative forcing over an Urban site in North-Western India

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1232-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Mor ◽  
Rajesh Dhankhar ◽  
S. D. Attri ◽  
V. K. Soni ◽  
M. Sateesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Western India ◽  
North Western

Pharmaceutical Data Integrity: issues, challenges and proposed solutions for manufacturers and inspectors

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Sia Chong Hock ◽  
Vernon Tay ◽  
Vimal Sachdeva ◽  
Chan Lai Wah
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Data Integrity ◽  
Database Management System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Record Management ◽  
Guidance Documents ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing ◽  
The Uk

Data Integrity, which is data deemed Attributable, Legible, Contemporaneous, Original, Accurate, Complete, Consistent, Enduring, and Available (ALCOA-plus), has been the focus of the pharmaceutical industry in recent years. With the growing use of computerized systems and rising prevalence of outsourcing manufacturing processes, ensuring data integrity is becoming more challenging in an increasingly complex pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. To address this issue, multiple legislation and guidance documents such as ‘Data Integrity and Compliance with CGMP Guidance for Industry’ from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), ‘GxP’ Data Integrity Guidance and Definitions from the UK Medicines & Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), and ‘Guidance on Good Data and Record Management Practices’ from the World Health Organization (WHO), have been published in recent years. However, with rising data integrity issues observed by FDA, WHO, MHRA and other pharmaceutical inspectors even after these guidance documents have been published, their overall effectiveness is yet to be determined. This paper compares and evaluates the legislation and guidance currently in existence; and discusses some of the potential challenges pharmaceutical manufacturers face in maintaining data integrity with such legislation and guidance in place. It appears that these legislation and guidance are insufficient in maintaining data integrity in the industry when used alone. Last, but not least, this paper also reviews other solutions, such as the need for a company culture of integrity, a good database management system, education and training, robust quality agreements between contract givers and acceptors, and performance of effective audits and inspections, to aid in maintaining data integrity in the manufacturing industry. These proposed solutions, if successfully implemented, can address the issues associated with data integrity, and raise the standard of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical manufacturing worldwide.

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