scholarly journals Enhancing the Accumulation of Rosavins in Rhodiola rosea L. Plants Grown In Vitro by Precursor Feeding

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2531
Author(s):  
Aaqib Javid ◽  
Nóra Gampe ◽  
Fulea Gelana ◽  
Zsuzsanna György
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rhodiola Rosea ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Cinnamyl Alcohol ◽  
Precursor Feeding ◽  
Whole Plants

Rhodiola rosea produces nearly 150 bioactive compounds. Cinnamyl alcohol glycosides (CAGs) are among the most important secondary metabolites which are specific to this plant species, exhibiting adaptogenic properties along with salidroside. However, raw material supplies for the pharmaceutical industry are hindered by limited access to the plant material. The species is endangered and protected in many areas: cultivation is long and ineffective. Precursor feeding has been found to be an effective strategy for improving the production of secondary metabolites in various plant tissues cultures, including in Rhodiola species. In this study, whole R. rosea plants grown in vitro were subjected to three different precursor treatments, including with trans-cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde and cinnamyl alcohol at 2 mM concentrations. The different treatments affected the secondary metabolite production differently. Trans-cinnamic acid did not affect the synthesis significantly, which contradicts earlier studies with cell suspensions. On the other hand, cinnamyl alcohol and cinnamaldehyde were beneficial, improving the production rate of rosin and rosavin by 13.8- and 6.9-fold, and 92.7- and 8.0-fold, respectively. The significant improvement in CAG accumulation due to cinnamaldehyde treatment was unexpected based on previous studies. In addition, cinnamaldehyde triggered the production of rosarin, which the other two treatments failed to do. The study presents the beneficial application of precursors to whole plants grown in vitro.

scholarly journals Mycotoxins Biosynthesized by Plant-Derived Fusarium Isolates / Tvorba Mikotoksina U Vrstama Roda Fusarium Izoliranim Iz Biljaka

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Waśkiewicz ◽  
Łukasz Stępień
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Very High

AbstractThere is little information on secondary metabolites produced by Fusaria infecting crop plants other than cereals. Many members of Fusarium genus have the ability to colonise perennial crops with only scarce infection or disease symptoms or with no symptoms at all while still being detectable. Even in case of such asymptomatic infection, significant mycotoxin contamination of the plant tissues is possible. The aim of this study was to characterise the spectrum of Fusarium species isolates obtained from different plant hosts (like asparagus, garlic, pineapple, banana, rhubarb, peppers, rice, maize, wheat, and oncidium) and evaluate their ability to biosynthesize the most common mycotoxins in vitro. Among the F.proliferatum isolates, up to 57 % of them biosynthesized fumonisins at very high mass fractions, amounting to above 1000 μg g-1, while other Fusarium species such as F. verticillioides, F. lactis, F. polyphialydicum, F. concentricum, F. temperatum, and F. fujikuroi formed fumonisins mostly at much lower level. Only F.ananatum and F. oxysporum did not produce these toxins. Co-occurrence of FBs with other mycotoxins [moniliformin (MON) and beauvericin (BEA)] was often observed and it was mainly F. proliferatum species that formed both mycotoxins (0.4 μg g-1 to 41.1 μg g-1 BEA and 0.1 μg g-1 to 158.5 μg g-1 MON).

Callus Induction and In vitro Plantlet Regeneration of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. (Retz.) and the Phytochemical Screening of Natural Plants and Callus Cultures

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Kaushalya NAN ◽  
Senarath WTPSK
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Nodal Segment ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Gymnema Sylvestre ◽  
Natural Plants

Gymnema sylvestre is a slow growing perennial medicinal woody climber. It belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae. Gymnemic acid, the major bioactive component of this plant species is used as a remedy for type II diabetes. Propagation of this plant is often difficult and expensive. In the present study, in vitro protocols were developed in order to induce callus and regenerate plantlets from different explants of G. sylverstre. As secondary metabolites are important in medicinal plants, studies were carried out to screen phytochemicals present in natural plants and callus. The best medium for callus induction from leaf discs was MS supplemented with 5.0 mg/l 2,4-D. Although, nodal segment grown in MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA gave the highest shoot elongation (14.8 ± 0.20), growth regulator free MS also showed a high elongation of shoots (14.2 ± 0.37) and the difference between those two were non-significant. MS supplemented with 3.0 mg/l IBA was best for root induction. Highest survival percentage (62.5) was observed when plantlets were acclimated in a substrate containing a mixture of soil and sand in the proportion of 1 : 2.  In the present study, phytochemicals present in callus and the leaves of the naturally grown plants were compared using Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrophotometer. A total of nine compounds was identified from the leaves of naturally grown plants and nine compounds were identified from the callus. Out of all identified phytochemicals, a total of six compounds were present  in both leaves and callus samples suggesting that in addition the plant material, callus may also  be  used as a supplement raw material to obtain secondary metabolites for the pharmaceutical industry. D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v23i2.17521 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 23(2): 201-210, 2013  (December)

scholarly journals Cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid, and cinnamyl alcohol, the bioactives of Cinnamomum cassia exhibit HDAC8 inhibitory activity: An In vitro and In silico study

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (51) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchika Kaul-Ghanekar ◽  
Mangesh Patil ◽  
AmitS Choudhari ◽  
Savita Pandita ◽  
Md Ataul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Cinnamyl Alcohol ◽  
Cinnamomum Cassia ◽  
In Silico Study

scholarly journals Laboratory testing of hemolytic properties of materials that come in contact with blood: Comparative application testing method’s two variants according to the standard ASTM F756 in accordance with ISO 10993-4

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Katarina Pavlovic ◽  
Vojislav Bozanic ◽  
Jasna Stanojevic ◽  
Vesna Milicevic ◽  
Bojan Ilic
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Laboratory Equipment

The presence of hemolytic material in contact with blood may produce increased levels of blood cell lysis and increased levels of plasma hemoglobin. This may induce toxic effects or other effects which may stress the kidneys or other organs. In this paper two variants of in vitro method and obtained results? comparison were presented for testing of hemolytic properties of six raw materials (Polipropylene Moplen EP 540 P, Policarbonate colorless 164 R-112, Policarbonate brown 164 R-51918, Polietylene NG 3026 K, Polietylene NG - Purell GB 7250, Polietylene VG - Hiplex 5502) for medical device manufacturing and one raw material (Polietylen NG granulate) used for infusion solutions?s plastic bottles manufacturing. One of method?s variants relies on raw material direct contact with swine blood and the other on extract of the material contact with swine blood. Both method?s variants imply reading of the absorbance of the supernatant after tubes were incubated and centrifuged. According to values obtained and using the standard curve free hemoglobin concentration is determined and based on this percentage hemolysis of raw material. Positive and negative controls were used in both variants where water for injection (WFI) was used as positive control in which partial or complete hemolysis of erythrocytes occurs due to osmotic shock and phosphate buffer saline was used as negative control with no hemolytic property. In this paper comparison of results obtained by both method?s variants for testing of seven raw materials was presented, while these conclusions can not be used neither for all materials, nor for all applications without preliminary testing using both variants and then choosing more sensitive and more reliable one. It was shown and stated in the paper as well that incubation time being 3, 15 or 24 h, had no impact on the variant?s with direct contact sensitivity. This comparative approach was used for drawing conclusions in terms of suitability for application of one or the other method?s variant, as well as for defining relevant incubation time and finally for choosing more sensitive and more reliable variant for assessment of hemolytic properties of raw materials. Variant with direct contact was chosen from the aspect of less complexity regarding necessary laboratory equipment which makes it economically more favorable and fit for the purpose.

scholarly journals Transgenic shoots and plants as a source of natural phytochemical products

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Floryanowicz-Czekalska ◽  
Halina Wysokińska
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Transformation Techniques ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Whole Plants

Genetic engineering has allowed the production of plants and in vitro cultures with an altered content of secondary metabolites. In the present work it is hoped to give some detailed background information on obtaining bioactive compounds based on the use of genetically transformed shoots and the whole plants. <em>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</em>-mediated shoots have recently been a matter of great interest as a source of chemicals synthesized in the aerial parts of plants. The possibilities for the future exploitation of <em>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</em> transformation techniques are enormous. However, we need more knowledge of genes and enzymes controlling secondary metabolic synthesis.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Activity of Secondary Metabolites from the Bark of Dipterocarpus Confertus Sloot

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1861-1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhtadi Muhtadi ◽  
Peni Indrayudha ◽  
Agustono Wibowo ◽  
Dr Heng Yen Khong
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Betulinic Acid ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Murine Leukemia

Four compounds, namely β-sitosterol (1), betulinic acid (2), cinnamic acid (3), and α-viniferin (4) have been successfully isolated from the bark methanol extract of Dipterocarpus confertus Sloot. The structures of the isolated compounds have been established on the basis spectroscopic data evidence, and comparison with the published data. In the cytotoxicity study, cinnamic acid (3) and betulinic acid (2) have been found to be very strong active against murine leukemia P388 and vero cells lines with the IC50 values of 2.25 and 5.10 µg/mL, respectively, while the other compounds were not active.

scholarly journals An Efficient Method for the Genetic Transformation of Acmella oleracea L. (Spilanthes acmella Linn.) with Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Valentina Maggini ◽  
Priscilla Bettini ◽  
Fabio Firenzuoli ◽  
Patrizia Bogani
Keyword(s):  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Nptii Gene ◽  
Spilanthes Acmella ◽  
In Vitro Plant ◽  
High Level

Acmella oleracea L. is an important medicinal plant, commonly known as the toothache plant. It is a rich source of secondary metabolites used for the treatment of different human disorders. The demand for Acmella oleracea L. has increased due to its putative health benefits (in terms of both biomass quantity and bioactive compound purification). In vitro plant cultures have allowed the rapid increase of raw material availability through the use of suitable regeneration and multiplication systems. On the other hand, there is a general lack of methods for Acmella genetic transformation as a promising new technological approach for the improvement of secondary metabolites. In this work, an efficient transformation protocol has been established using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 strain bearing the binary vector pBI121 containing the NPTII gene for the resistance to kanamycin. Plant genetic transformation has been verified by direct polymerase chain reaction and GUS assay on regenerants. Transformation efficiency has been affected by the high level of the selection agent kanamycin. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the genetic transformation of A. oleracea, paving the way to further studies to improve in vitro plant growth and secondary metabolite production.

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