Reliability and Validity of Seven Feline Behavior and Personality Traits

Domestic cats are popular pets, and they have personalities, with stable behavior differences between individuals. Lately, feline behavior and personality have been studied with different approaches, for example, with owner-completed questionnaires. The majority of these studies, however, lack a sufficient validation and reliability assessment of the questionnaires used. We designed an online feline behavior and personality questionnaire to collect cat behavior data from their owners. Then, we ran a factor analysis to study the structure of personality and behavior in a dataset of over 4300 cats. For validation, we studied the internal consistency, test–retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity of this questionnaire and extracted factors. In addition, we briefly examined breed differences in the seven discovered factors: fearfulness, activity/playfulness, aggression toward humans, sociability toward humans, sociability toward cats, excessive grooming and litterbox issues. Most of the rank ordering of breeds within each trait paralleled what has been found in previous studies. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire and factors were good, strengthening owner-completed questionnaires as a method to collect behavioral data from pet animals. Breed differences suggest a genetic background for personality. However, these differences should be studied further with multidimensional models, including environmental and biological variables.

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Reliability and Validity of a Dog Personality and Unwanted Behavior Survey

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11051234 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1234

Author(s):

Milla Salonen ◽

Salla Mikkola ◽

Emma Hakanen ◽

Sini Sulkama ◽

Jenni Puurunen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Convergent Validity ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Separation Anxiety ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Noise Sensitivity ◽

Factor Analyses ◽

Consistency Test ◽

Two Factors ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

And Behavior

Dogs have distinct, consistent personalities, but the structure of dog personality is still unclear. Dog personality and unwanted behavior are often studied with behavioral questionnaires. Even though many questionnaires are reliable and valid measures of behavior, all new questionnaire tools should be extensively validated. Here, we examined the structure of personality and six unwanted behavior questionnaire sections: noise sensitivity, fearfulness, aggression, fear of surfaces and heights, separation anxiety and impulsivity/inattention with factor analyses. Personality consisted of seven factors: Insecurity, Training focus, Energy, Aggressiveness/dominance, Human sociability, Dog sociability and Perseverance. Most unwanted behavior sections included only one factor, but the impulsivity/inattention section divided into two factors (Hyperactivity/impulsivity and Inattention) and the aggression section into four factors (Barking, Stranger directed aggression, Owner directed aggression and Dog directed aggression). We also examined the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability and convergent validity of the 17 personality and unwanted behavior traits and discovered excellent reliability and validity. Finally, we investigated the discriminant validity of the personality traits, which was good. Our findings indicate that this personality and unwanted behavior questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool that can be used to study personality and behavior extensively.

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Validity and reliability of the Mandarin version of the Treatment Burden Questionnaire among stroke patients in Mainland China

Family Practice ◽

10.1093/fampra/cmab004 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qi Zhang ◽

Ke Zhang ◽

Miao Li ◽

Jiaxin Gu ◽

Xintong Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internal Consistency ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Treatment Burden ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Objectives To examine the validity and reliability of the Mandarin version of the Treatment Burden Questionnaire (TBQ) among stroke patients. Background Stroke patients need long-term management of symptoms and life situation, and treatment burden has recently emerged as a new concept that can influence the health outcomes during the rehabilitation process. Methods The convenience sampling method was used to recruit 187 cases of stroke patients in a tertiary grade hospital in Tianjin for a formal investigation. Item analysis, reliability and validity tests were carried out. The reliability test included internal consistency and test–retest reliability. And as well as content, structure and convergent validity were performed for the validity test. Results Of the 187 completed questionnaires, only 180 (96.3%) were suitable for analysis. According to the experts’ evaluation, the I-CVI of each item was from 0.833 to 1.000, and the S-CVI was 0.967. The exploratory factor analysis yielded three-factor components with a cumulative variation of 53.054%. Convergent validity was demonstrated using measures of Morisky’s Medication Adherence Scale 8 (r = –0.450, P < 0.01). All correlations between items and global scores ranged from 0.403 to 0.638. Internal consistency reliability and test–retest reliability were found to be acceptable, as indicated by a Cronbach’s α of 0.824 and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.846, respectively. Conclusions The Mandarin TBQ had acceptable validity and reliability. The use of TBQ in the assessment of treatment burden of stroke survivor may benefit health resources allocation and provide tailor therapeutic interventions to construct minimally disruptive care.

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Penilaian Psikometrik Instrumen Kesediaan Guru sebagai Pemimpin Guru

Sains Humanika ◽

10.11113/sh.v9n2.977 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Lokman Mohd. Tahir ◽

Rohaya Talib ◽

Hamimah Mohd Naim ◽

Mohamad Berhanddin Musah

Keyword(s):

Teacher Leadership ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Teacher Leaders ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Secondary School Teachers ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Teacher Leader ◽

Main Role ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Valid Instrument

The leadership of teacher remains as an essentially topic of educational leadership currently and it becomes teacher’s main role in implementing the school development process. However, there are less studies done in Malaysian schools; even hardly see Malaysian teachers are prepared to be teacher leaders due to also lack of reliable and valid instrument that measure teacher leadership within Malaysian context. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the readiness of Malaysian teachers to be selected as teacher leaders among other teachers. Secondly, it also aims to measure the reliability and validity of instrument on teacher leadership in the context of Malaysian teachers. A total of 189 secondary school teachers who have more than five years’ experience were selected to be the respondents to answer the 12 items on teachers’ readiness as teacher leaders based on two main constructs such as personal and professional readiness. Finding from the factor analyses (exploratory and confirmatory) indicated that items from the professional and personal readiness constructs have high convergent validity in measuring the relevant teacher leadership. In addition, values from the correlational matrix also indicated high values of discriminant validity. Hence, it was proved that the teacher leadership readiness instrument has high validity and reliability in examining teachers’ readiness as a teacher leader.

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Unembodiment in the Internet. Part 2. Psychometric Verification of the Questionnaire

Clinical Psychology and Special Education ◽

10.17759/cpse.2021100410 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 205-233

Author(s):

N.V. Kopteva ◽

A.Yu. Kalugin ◽

L.Ya. Dorfman

Keyword(s):

Convergent Validity ◽

Information Technologies ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Principal Component ◽

The Body ◽

The Internet ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Modern Information ◽

Embodied Self

The purpose of present study is to develop and verify the questionnaire aimed at assessing the degree of unembodiment in the Internet as a consequence of using modern information technologies. The use of modern information technologies is associated with disembodiment, liberation of the Self from the body and related experiences. Immersion in virtual reality and “disembodiment” can cause the existential position of “unembodiement”, the features of which, according to the concept of the English psychologist R. Lang, are most clearly manifested in the clinic of schizoids. The study was conducted in the form of a psychodiagnostic survey, during which the reliability and validity of the developed method for assessing unembodiement on the Internet was tested. The main sample of the study was 809 people (31% of males), mostly university students, aged 17 to 25 years (M=18.73; SD=0.98). Smaller samples were used to study convergent and discriminant validity: 423, 324, 148 and 128 people. Correlations with measures of psychological consequences of Internet use, self-efficacy and life-meaning orientations reported convergent validity, and correlations with measures of intelligence and creativity reported discriminant validity. The results of principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFI=0.936, TLI=0.925, RMSEA=0.055, SRMR=0.059) confirm the construct validity of the method, which includes three subscales (Unembodiment as Virtualization, The Preference of the Internet, and Vitality of the Embodied Self) and a general scale (Unembodiment in the Internet). The one-step reliability of the scales varied from 0.7 to 0.9. The scales Vitality of the Embodied Self and The Preference of the Internet had a high level of discrimination, the scale Unembodiment as virtualization ― moderate. The developed questionnaire meets the requirements of validity and reliability and can be used to study the phenomenon of unembodiment on the Internet.

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Examining the Validity and Reliability of an Abridged Version of the Perceived Affect Utility Scale (PAUSe)

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000288 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 365-376

Author(s):

Philip I. Chow ◽

Howard Berenbaum ◽

Chun Wang

Keyword(s):

Convergent Validity ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Incremental Validity ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Personality Variables ◽

Actual Experience ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Using Data ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Utility Scale

Abstract. The present research presents evidence of the validity and reliability of an abbreviated version of the Perceived Affect Utility Scale (PAUSe). In Study 1, findings using item response theory (IRT) led to the deletion of one-third of the number of items in the PAUSe. Results from confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the structure of the abbreviated version of the PAUSe, the PAUSe-r. Examining effect sizes between the PAUSe-r and instruments measuring personality, emotion, and depression also supported the convergent validity, discriminant validity, and incremental validity of this measure, even after taking into account ideal affect and the actual experience of emotion. In Study 2, test-retest reliability of the PAUSe-r in a sample of college students is presented. In Study 3, using data from a large, nonstudent sample, we replicated the structure of the PAUSe-r, as well as relations between the PAUSe-r and personality variables, that were found in Study 1.

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Validity and Reliability of Farsi Version of Youth Sport Environment Questionnaire

Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/985283 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohammad Ali Eshghi ◽

Ramin Kordi ◽

Amir Hossein Memari ◽

Ahmad Ghaziasgar ◽

Mohammad-Ali Mansournia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reliability And Validity ◽

Youth Sport ◽

Team Cohesion ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Consistency Test ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Group Environment ◽

High Internal Consistency ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Farsi Version

The Youth Sport Environment Questionnaire (YSEQ) had been developed from Group Environment Questionnaire, a well-known measure of team cohesion. The aim of this study was to adapt and examine the reliability and validity of the Farsi version of the YSEQ. This version was completed by 455 athletes aged 13–17 years. Results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that two-factor solution showed a good fit to the data. The results also revealed that the Farsi YSEQ showed high internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and good concurrent validity. This study indicated that the Farsi version of the YSEQ is a valid and reliable measure to assess team cohesion in sport setting.

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Portuguese Version of COVID-19 Perceived Risk Scale and COVID-19 Phobia Scale: Psychometric Properties

European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education ◽

10.3390/ejihpe11030078 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 1044-1060

Author(s):

Ângela Leite ◽

Diogo Guedes Vidal ◽

Hélder Fernando Pedrosa e Sousa ◽

Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis ◽

José Magano

Keyword(s):

Perceived Risk ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Factorial Analysis ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Portuguese Population ◽

Potential Health ◽

Risk Scale

The COVID-19 pandemic scenario has a psychological impact on individuals and society. A higher level of perceived risk concerning COVID-19 has been found when compared to other potential health threats. A misperception of risk in contrast with the real risk may lead people to develop disruptive cognitive, affective, or behavioral responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, namely, coronaphobia. Validated instruments are needed to evaluate such responses. This work aims to validate the COVID-19 Perceived Risk Scale (C19PRS) and the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19PS) in the Portuguese population. The two scales were translated from English to Portuguese using the back-translation technique. The cultural adaptation was framed in the context of establishing the validity and reliability of the instruments. In two studies, C19PRS and C19PS were validated for the adult Portuguese population (N = 1122; women = 725 (64.6%); mean age of 31.91 years old) through exploratory factorial analysis, followed by a confirmatory factorial analysis. Convergent validity was calculated by composite reliability (CR) and average variance extracted (AVE) values. Discriminant validity was assessed by square roots of the AVE values and their comparison with the C19PRS and C19PS dimensions’ cross-correlations. Both C19PRS and C19PS present a good adjustment model and solid reliability and validity and have significant correlations with fear of COVID-19 and COVID-19 anxiety scales.

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Using photos of basic facial expressions as a new approach to measuring implicit attitudes

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0250922 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. e0250922

Author(s):

Klara Malinakova ◽

Richard Korinek ◽

Peter Tavel ◽

Iva Polackova Solcova ◽

Harold G. Koenig ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internal Consistency ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Online Survey ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Implicit Attitudes ◽

Selection Process ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Criterion Validity ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Background Measuring implicit attitudes is difficult due to social desirability (SD). A new method, the Emotion Based Approach (EBA), can solve this by using emotions from a display of faces as response categories. We applied this on an EBA Spirituality tool (EBA-SPT) and an Actual Situation tool (EBA-AST). Our aim was to assess the structure, reliability and validity of the tools and to compare two EBA assessment approaches, i.e., an explicit one (only assessing final replies to items) and an implicit one (assessing also the selection process). Methods We obtained data on a sample of Czech adults (n = 522, age 30.3±12.58; 27.0% men) via an online survey; cortisol was assessed in 46 participants. We assessed the structure and psychometric properties (internal consistency and test-retest reliability; convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity) of the EBA, and examined the differences between explicit vs. implicit EBA approaches. Results We found an acceptable-good internal consistency reliability of the EBA tools, acceptable discriminant validity between them and low (neutral expression) to good (joy) test-retest reliability for concrete emotions assessed by the tools. An implicit EBA approach showed stronger correlations between emotions and weaker convergent validity, but higher criterion validity, than an explicit approach and standard questionnaires. Conclusion Compared to standard questionnaires, EBA is a more reliable approach for measuring attitudes, with an implicit approach that reflects the selection process yielding the best results.

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Psychometric Properties of the Emotional Processing Scale in Individuals with Psychiatric Symptoms and the Development of a Brief 15-Item Version

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1216199/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Maroti ◽

Erland Axelsson ◽

Brjánn Ljótsson ◽

Gerhard Andersson ◽

Mark Lumley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Emotional Processing ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

A Priori ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Tas 20

Abstract Objective The 25-item Emotional Processing Scale (EPS) is a measure of emotional processing. There is a scarcity of research about its factor structure, test-retest reliability, and validity in individuals with psychiatric symptoms. Method We administered the EPS-25 to a sample (N=512) of people with elevated psychiatric symptoms, using confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate three a priori models from previous research. We then evaluated discriminant and convergent validity against measures of alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20; TAS-20), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionaire-9; PHQ-9) and anxiety symptoms (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; GAD-7). Results None of the a priori models achieved acceptable fit, and subsequent exploratory factor analysis did not lead to a convincing factor solution for the 25 items. A 5-factor model did, however, achieve acceptable fit if we retained only 15 items (EPS-15) and this solution could be replicated in a holdout sample. Convergent and discriminant validity for EPS-15 was r=-.19-.46 vs. TAS-20, r=.07-.25 vs. PHQ-9, r=.29-.57 vs. GAD-7. Test-retest reliability was ICC=.73. Conclusions This study strengthens the case for the reliability and validity of the five factor Emotional Processing Scale but suggest that only 15 items should be retained. Future studies should further examine the reliability and validity of the EPS-15.

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Using Principal Component Scores to Enhance the Validity and Reliability of Big Five Personality Measures

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000225 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 83-93

Author(s):

Jeffrey M. Cucina ◽

Nicholas L. Vasilopoulos ◽

Arwen H. DeCostanza

Keyword(s):

Big Five ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Principal Component ◽

Big Five Personality ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Scoring Method ◽

Five Factors ◽

Big Five Factors ◽

Component Scores

Abstract. Varimax rotated principal component scores (VRPCS) have previously been offered as a possible solution to the non-orthogonality of scores for the Big Five factors. However, few researchers have examined the reliability and validity of VRPCS. To address this gap, we use a lab study and a field study to investigate whether using VRPCS increase orthogonality, reliability, and criterion-related validity. Compared to the traditional unit-weighting scoring method, the use of VRPCS enhanced the reliability and discriminant validity of the Big Five factors, although there was little improvement in criterion-related validity. Results are discussed in terms of the benefit of using VRPCS instead of traditional unit-weighted sum scores.

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