scholarly journals Analgesic and Sedative Effects of Epidural Lidocaine-Xylazine in Elective Bilateral Laparoscopic Ovariectomy in Standing Mule Mares

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2419
Author(s):  
Cecilia Vullo ◽  
Adolfo Maria Tambella ◽  
Marina Meligrana ◽  
Giuseppe Catone
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Epidural Block ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Constant Rate Infusion ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Sedative Effects ◽  
Caudal Epidural Block ◽  
Sedation And Analgesia ◽  
Rate Infusion

The purpose of this study was to determine the analgesic efficacy and safety of epidural lidocaine-xylazine administration in standing mules undergoing elective bilateral laparoscopic ovariectomy in order to suppress unwanted behaviour. Eight mule mares were sedated with intramuscular 0.05 mg/kg acepromazine followed by 1.3 mg/kg of xylazine and 0.02 mg/kg of butorphanol intravenously. Sedation was maintained by a constant rate infusion of 0.6 mg/kg/h of xylazine. The paralumbar fossae were infiltrated with 30 mL of 2% lidocaine. Epidural anaesthesia was performed at the first intercoccygeal space with 0.2 mg/kg of lidocaine and 0.17 mg/kg of xylazine. After 15 min, bilateral laparoscopic ovariectomy was performed. Heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, invasive arterial blood pressure, degree of analgesia, sedation and ataxia were evaluated during surgery. The laparoscopic ovariectomy was successfully completed in all animals. Sedation and analgesia were considered satisfactory in six out of the eight mules. In conclusion, caudal epidural block allowed surgery to be easily completed in six out of eight. The animals did not show any signs of discomfort associated with nociception and were mostly calm during the procedures, however additional studies are needed to establish epidural doses of xylazine and lidocaine that result in reliable abdominal pain control in mules for standing ovariectomy.

Perioperative analgesic efficacy of constant rate infused tramadol hydrochloride as an adjunct to postoperative ketoprofen in ovariohysterectomized bitches

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Ugwu ◽  
C. A. Eze ◽  
R. I. Udegbunam ◽  
T. O. Nnaji
Keyword(s):  
Pain Score ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Constant Rate Infusion ◽  
Tramadol Hydrochloride ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Physiologic Parameters ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mean Glucose ◽  
Rate Infusion

The study evaluated the peri-operative analgesic efficacy of tramadol administered by constant rate infusion as an adjunct to ketoprofen in ovariohysterectomized bitches. Pre- and postoperative assessment of pain was made using physiologic parameters, glucose, cortisol, pain score and body weight. Dogs were randomly assigned to one of the three groups using the protocol: 1.0mg/kg/hr, 2.0mg/kg/hr of CRI tramadol and control. Ketoprofen (5mg/kg, SC) was administered at one, twenty-four and seventy-two hours post-OVH to all the dogs. Mean glucose and cortisol levels of group 3 dogs were at intra- and at one-hour post-OVH higher (pliss than 0.05) than those of groups 1 and 2. Mean pain score of group 3 was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than those of groups 1 and 2 at one, four, twenty-four and seventy-two hours post-OVH. The use of CRI tramadol at doses of 1.0mg/kg/hr and 2.0mg/kg/hr attenuated rise in pain markers and produced balanced analgesia as an adjunct to ketoprofen.

Analgesic efficacy of an intravenous constant rate infusion of a morphine-lidocaine-ketamine combination in Holstein calves undergoing umbilical herniorrhaphy

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Amanda K. Hartnack ◽  
Andrew J. Niehaus ◽  
Jeffrey Lakritz ◽  
Johann F. Coetzee ◽  
Michael D. Kleinhenz
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Constant Rate Infusion ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Rate Infusion

Counterregulation of insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in primary hypothyroidism

1986 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-521
Author(s):  
Nina Clausen ◽  
Per-Eric Lins ◽  
Ulf Adamson ◽  
Bertil Hamberger ◽  
Suad Efendić
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Constant Rate Infusion ◽  
Counterregulatory Hormones ◽  
Insulin Metabolism ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Rate Infusion

Abstract. Hypothyroidism has been alleged to modulate insulin action and influence the secretion of growth hormone and catecholamines. We recently investigated the influence of hypothyroidism on glucose counterregulatory capacity and the hormonal responses to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in 6 patients with primary hypothyroidism (age 32–52 years, TSH-values 66–200 mU/l). Hypoglycaemia was induced in the hypothyroid state and again when the subjects were euthyroid. After an overnight fast a constant rate infusion of insulin (2.4 U/h) was given for 4 h. Glucose was measured every 15 min and insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol every 30 min for 5 h. During insulin infusion somewhat higher concentrations of the hormone were obtained in the hypothyroid state and simultaneously glucose levels were 0.5 mmol/l lower. As expected, basal norepinephrine levels were higher in hypothyroidism. However, no increase in circulating norepinephrine during hypoglycaemia was registered in the two experiments. The responses of counterregulatory hormones showed an enhanced response of cortisol, similar responses of growth hormone and epinephrine while the glucagon response was paradoxically impaired. Our findings suggest that hypothyroidism alters insulin metabolism, and that the glucagon response to hypoglycaemia is impaired in this condition.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a constant rate infusion of fentanyl (5 μg/kg/h) in awake cats

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 716-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Ambros ◽  
Jane Alcorn ◽  
Tanya Duke-Novakovski ◽  
Alexander Livingston ◽  
Patricia M. Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Constant Rate Infusion ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Awake Cats ◽  
Rate Infusion

Anaesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of a constant-rate infusion of alfaxalone in desflurane-anaesthetised sheep

2012 ◽  
Vol 171 (5) ◽  
pp. 125-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. del Mar Granados ◽  
J. Manuel Domínguez ◽  
A. Fernández-Sarmiento ◽  
F. Javier Funes ◽  
J. Morgaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constant Rate Infusion ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Rate Infusion
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