scholarly journals Promoting Judicious Antimicrobial Use in Beef Production: The Role of Quarantine

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Matteo Santinello ◽  
Alessia Diana ◽  
Massimo De Marchi ◽  
Federico Scali ◽  
Luigi Bertocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Lower Body Weight

Judicious antimicrobial stewardship in livestock industry is needed to reduce the use of antimicrobials (AMU) and the associated risk of antimicrobial resistance. Biosecurity measures are acknowledged for their role against the spread of diseases and the importance in reducing AMU in different species. However, their effectiveness in beef production has been scarcely considered. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the quarantine strategy on AMU in beef cattle. A total of 1206 Charolaise animals in five farms were included in the trial. Roughly half of the animals followed the standard procedure of the fattening cycle (no-quarantine; NO-QUA group) and half followed a 30-day period of quarantine (QUA group) since their arrival. Performance and antimicrobial data were recorded and a treatment incidence 100 (TI100it) per animal was calculated. Penicillins was the most used class of antimicrobials. Differences between groups were significant for males only, with NO-QUA group having greater TI100it (3.76 vs. 3.24; p < 0.05) and lower body weight at slaughter (713.4 vs. 723.7 kg; p < 0.05) than QUA group. Results suggest that quarantine strategy can reduce AMU in males without compromising their performance, whereas further investigation is needed for females.

The effect of lower body weight support on arterial wave reflection in healthy adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 388-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atif Afzal ◽  
Daniel Fung ◽  
Sean Galligan ◽  
Ellen M. Godwin ◽  
John G. Kral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Body Weight Support ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Weight Support ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Arterial Wave Reflection

scholarly journals Fryl deficiency is associated with defective kidney development and function in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 243 (5) ◽  
pp. 408-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Sub Byun ◽  
Eun-Kyoung Kim ◽  
Kimi Araki ◽  
Ken-ichi Yamamura ◽  
Kihoon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Mouse Line ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Gene Functions ◽  
Convoluted Tubules

FRY like transcription coactivator ( Fryl) gene located on chromosome 5 is a paralog of FRY microtubule binding protein ( Fry) in vertebrates. It encodes a protein with unknown functions. Fryl gene is conserved in various species ranging from eukaryotes to human. Although there are several reports on functions of Fry gene, functions of Fryl gene remain unclear. A mouse line containing null mutation in Fryl gene by gene trapping was produced in this study for the first time. The survival and growth of Fryl−/− mice were observed. Fryl gene expression levels in mouse tissues were determined and histopathologic analyses were conducted. Most Fryl−/− mice died soon after birth. Rare Fryl−/− survivors showed growth retardation with significantly lower body weight compared to their littermate controls. Although they could breed, more than half of Fryl−/− survivors died of hydronephrosis before age 1. No abnormal histopathologic lesion was apparent in full-term embryo or adult tissues except the kidney. Abnormal lining cell layer detachments from walls of collecting and convoluted tubules in kidneys were apparent in Fryl−/− neonates and full-term embryos. Fryl gene was expressed in renal tubular tissues including the glomeruli and convoluted and collecting tubules. This indicates that defects in tubular systems are associated with Fryl functions and death of Fryl−/− neonates. Fryl protein is required for normal development and functional maintenance of kidney in mice. This is the first report of in vivo Fryl gene functions. Impact statement FRY like transcription coactivator ( Fryl) gene is conserved in various species ranging from eukaryotes to human. It expresses a protein with unknown function. We generated a Fryl gene mutant mouse line and found that most homozygous mice died soon after their birth. Rare Fryl−/− survivors showed growth retardation with significantly lower body weight compared to their littermate controls. Although they could breed, more than half of Fryl−/− survivors died of hydronephrosis before age 1. Full-term mutant embryos showed abnormal collecting and convoluted tubules in kidneys where Fryl gene was expressed. Collectively, these results indicate that Fryl protein is required for normal development and functional maintenance of kidney in mice. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on in vivo Fryl gene functions.

The role of electronic health record and “add-on” clinical decision support systems to enhance antimicrobial stewardship programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
pp. 501-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi M. Kuper ◽  
Jerod L. Nagel ◽  
Jarrod W. Kile ◽  
Larissa S. May ◽  
Francesca M. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Clinical Decision Support Systems ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship Program ◽  
Reporting Requirements ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Stewardship Program

AbstractIncreasingly, demands are placed on healthcare systems to meet antimicrobial stewardship standards and reporting requirements. This trend, combined with reduced financial and personnel resources, has created a need to adopt information technology (IT) to help ease these burdens and facilitate action. The incorporation of IT into an antimicrobial stewardship program can help improve stewardship intervention efficiencies and facilitate the tracking and reporting of key metrics, including outcomes. This paper provides a review of the stewardship-related functionality within these IT systems, describes how these platforms can be used to improve antimicrobial use, and identifies how they can support current and potential future antimicrobial stewardship regulatory and accreditation standards. Finally, recommendations to help close the gaps in existing systems are provided and suggestions for future areas of development within these programs are delineated.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF CALCIUM ANTAGONIST ISRADIPINE ON THE PREGNANCY AND OFFSPRING OF RATS

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. VILELA-GOULART ◽  
W.P. BASTOS-RAMOS ◽  
M.N.G. MANCINI
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Male Quality ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Calcium Blockers ◽  
Dental Eruption ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Drug Influence

Os bloqueadores de cálcio são utilizados em doenças cardiovasculares, usualmente em tratamentos de longa duração e ocasionalmente em mulheres grávidas. A isradipina é uma importante droga antihipertensiva, considerada segura na gravidez e sem efeitos teratogênicos. Neste estudo foram estudados, em ratos Wistar, os efeitos da isradipina sobre a implantação uterina, reabsorção fetal e sobre os níveis plasmáticos de cálcio, fosfato e proteínas totais. Foram utilizados 32 fêmeas e 12 machos com qualidade controlada. A droga foi administrada na água de beber durante 56 dias, sendo 35 antes do acasalamento e 21 durante a prenhêz. Em um grupo, foi realizada operação cesareana ao 20º / dia de gestação e em outro, os ratos nasceram de parto natural e foram observados durante 30 dias, com manutenção da administração de isradipina. Por ocasião da cesareana foram obtidas amostras de sangue de mães e filhotes, para determinação de cálcio, fosfato e proteínas totais plasmáticas. Para observar a influência da droga no / tratamento prolongado sobre os ossos, a mineralização do fêmur das mães foi avaliada. Os resultados mostraram que a isradipina estimulou a implantação uterina porém aumentou a reabsorção fetal. Nenhum efeito teratogênico foi observado, entretanto ocorreu diminuição significativa do peso dos filhotes. Os níveis plasmãticos de cálcio, fosfato e proteínas totais não foram alterados pela droga. O período da erupção dental não foi alterado nos filhotes nascidos de mães tratadas. Abstract Calcium blockers are used in cardiovascular diseases, usually in long term treatments and sometimes in pregnant women. Isradipine is an important antihypertensive drug, considered to be safe in pregnancy. In this study, the effects of isradipine were evaluated regarding to the uterine implantation, fetal reabsorption, plasmatic levels of calcium, phosphate and total protein of mother and offspring. Thirty-two female and 12 male quality-controlled Wistar rats were used. The drug was administered in drinking water for 56 days: 35 days before mating and 21 days along the pregnancy. In one group, caesarean surgery was performed on the 20th//day and in the other, isradipine treatment continued for the naturally born rats, which were observed along 30 days. During the caesarean, blood samples of mothers and newborns were taken and plasmatic / levels of calcium, phosphate and total proteins determined. To observe the drug influence on the bones, femur mineralization of mothers was evaluated. Results showed that isradipine stimulated uterine implantation; however, it increased the fetal reabsorption. No teratogenic effect was observed but newborns displayed a lower body weight. Plasmatic levels of calcium, phosphate and total proteins were not influenced by the drug. Dental eruption was not disturbed in the offspring born from the treated mothers.

scholarly journals P32 An audit to assess the suitability of patients at a tertiary/quaternary paediatric hospital to switch from intravenous (IV) to oral (PO) antimicrobial therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. e23.1-e23
Author(s):  
Orlagh McGarrity ◽  
Aliya Pabani
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
List Type ◽  
Paediatric Hospital ◽  
Oral Agents

Introduction, Aims and ObjectivesIn 2011 the Start Smart then Focus campaign was launched by Public Health England (PHE) to combat antimicrobial resistance.1 The ‘focus’ element refers to the antimicrobial review at 48–72 hours, when a decision and documentation regarding infection management should be made. [OM1] At this tertiary/quaternary paediatric hospital we treat, immunocompromised, high risk patients. In a recent audit it was identified that 80% of antimicrobial use is IV, this may be due to several factors including good central access, centrally prepared IV therapy and oral agents being challenging to administer to children. The aim of the audit was to assess if patient have a blood culture prior to starting therapy, have a senior review at 48–72 hours, and thirdly if our high proportion of intravenous antimicrobial use is justified.MethodElectronic prescribing data from JAC was collected retrospectively over an 8 day period. IV antimicrobials for which there is a suitable oral alternative, this was defined as >80% bioavailability, were included. Patients were excluded in the ICU, cancer and transplant setting, those with absorption issues and with a high risk infection, such as endocarditis or bacteraemia. Patient were assessed against a set criteria to determine if they were eligible to switch from IV to PO therapy; afebrile, stable blood pressure, heart rate <90/min, respiratory rate < 20/min for 24 hours. Reducing CRP, reducing white cell count, blood cultures negative or sensitive to an antibiotic that can be given orally.Results100% of patients (11) had a blood cultures taken within 72 hours of starting therapy55% of patients had a positive blood culture82% of patients had a senior review at 48–72 hours46% of patients were eligible to switch from IV to PO therapy at 72 hours33% of eligible patients were switched from IV to PO therapy at 72 hoursConclusion and RecommendationsThis audit had a low sample size due to the complexity of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the difficulty in reviewing patient parameters on many different hospital interfaces. It is known that each patient is reviewed at least 24 hourly on most wards and therefore there is a need for improved documentation of prescribing decisions. Implementation of an IV to oral switch guideline is recommended to support prescribing decisions and educate and reassure clinicians on the bioavailability and benefits of PO antimicrobial therapy where appropriate. Having recently changed electronic patient management systems strategies to explore include hard stops on IV antimicrobial therapies, however this will require much consideration. Education of pharmacist and nurses is required to raise awareness about antimicrobial resistance and the benefits of IV to PO switches, despite the ease of this therapy at out Trust. This will promote a culture in which all healthcare professionals are active antimicrobial guardians, leading to better patient outcomes, less service pressures, and long term financial benefit.ReferenceGOV.UK. 2019. Antimicrobial stewardship: Start smart - then focus. [ONLINE]Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/antimicrobial-stewardship-start-smart-then-focus [Accessed 3 July 2019]

scholarly journals Global Trends in Antimicrobial Use in Food Animals from 2017 to 2030

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
Katie Tiseo ◽  
Laura Huber ◽  
Marius Gilbert ◽  
Timothy P. Robinson ◽  
Thomas P. Van Boeckel
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Multivariate Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Antimicrobial Consumption ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Sales Data ◽  
Intensive Farming

Demand for animal protein is rising globally and has been facilitated by the expansion of intensive farming. However, intensive animal production relies on the regular use of antimicrobials to maintain health and productivity on farms. The routine use of antimicrobials fuels the development of antimicrobial resistance, a growing threat for the health of humans and animals. Monitoring global trends in antimicrobial use is essential to track progress associated with antimicrobial stewardship efforts across regions. We collected antimicrobial sales data for chicken, cattle, and pig systems in 41 countries in 2017 and projected global antimicrobial consumption from 2017 to 2030. We used multivariate regression models and estimated global antimicrobial sales in 2017 at 93,309 tonnes (95% CI: 64,443, 149,886). Globally, sales are expected to rise by 11.5% in 2030 to 104,079 tonnes (95% CI: 69,062, 172,711). All continents are expected to increase their antimicrobial use. Our results show lower global antimicrobial sales in 2030 compared to previous estimates, owing to recent reports of decrease in antimicrobial use, in particular in China, the world’s largest consumer. Countries exporting a large proportion of their production are more likely to report their antimicrobial sales data than countries with small export markets.

Prevalence and predictors of postoperative peritoneal dialysis in infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 476-481
Author(s):  
Michael Caesario ◽  
Dicky Fakhri ◽  
Pribadi Wiranda Busro ◽  
Salomo Purba ◽  
Liza Fitria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Risk Adjustment ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Congenital Heart Surgery ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass Time ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Younger Age

Background Data regarding predictors of the eventual need for postoperative peritoneal dialysis in infants undergoing open heart surgery is still limited. We aimed to determine whether prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time, surgical complexity classified according to Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery category, younger age, and lower body weight increase the probability of requiring postoperative peritoneal dialysis. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data of 181 infants who underwent open heart surgery at our institution from January 1 to December 31, 2018. Cardiopulmonary bypass time, Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery category, age, body weight, and the need for postoperative peritoneal dialysis were recorded and analyzed. Results Thirteen (7.2%) of the 181 patients required postoperative peritoneal dialysis. This group was found to have a longer cardiopulmonary bypass time, younger age, and lower body weight. Longer cardiopulmonary bypass time ( p = 0.001), higher Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery category ( p = 0.018), younger age ( p < 0.001), and lower body weight ( p < 0.001) significantly increased the risk of postoperative peritoneal dialysis. Conclusion Longer cardiopulmonary bypass time, more complex surgery, younger age, and lower body weight increase the probability of requiring postoperative peritoneal dialysis in infants undergoing open heart surgery.

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