scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the in Vitro Antimicrobial and Synergistic Effect of Essential Oils from Laurus nobilis L. and Prunus armeniaca L. from Morocco with Antimicrobial Drugs: New Approach for Health Promoting Products

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Nafis ◽  
Ayoub Kasrati ◽  
Chaima Alaoui Jamali ◽  
Luísa Custódio ◽  
Sara Vitalini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Synergistic Interaction ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Laurus Nobilis ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca L

Laurus nobilis L. (laurel, Lauraceae) and Prunus armeniaca L. (apricot, Rosaceae) are important industrial crops and display significant biological properties, including antimicrobial activity. In this work, essential oils (EOs) prepared from the leaves of both species from Morocco were evaluated for the first time for possible synergistic in vitro antibacterial and antifungal effects with some conventional antimicrobial drugs, namely fluconazole, ciprofloxacin and vancomycin. Samples were further evaluated for chemical composition by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main volatile compounds detected in L. nobilis were eucalyptol (40.85%), α-terpinyl acetate (12.64%) and methyl eugenol (8.72%), while P. armeniaca was dominated essentially by (Z)-phytol (27.18%), pentacosane (15.11%), nonacosane (8.76%) and benzaldehyde (7.25%). Regarding antimicrobial activity, both EOs inhibited significantly all the microorganisms tested. The EO from L. nobilis had the highest activity, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 1.39 to 22.2 mg/mL for bacteria and between 2.77 and 5.55 mg/mL for yeasts. Conversely, the combination of the studied EOs with ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and fluconazol resulted in a noteworthy decrease in their individual MICs. In fact, of the 32 interactions tested, 23 (71.87%) demonstrated total synergism and 9 (28.12%) a partial synergistic interaction. The EO from L. nobilis exhibited the highest synergistic effect with all the antibiotics used, with fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index values in the range of 0.266 to 0.75 for bacteria, and between 0.258 and 0.266 for yeast. The synergistic interaction between the studied EOs and standard antibiotics may constitute promising anti-infective agents useful for treating diseases induced by antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

scholarly journals Potential Application of Prunus armeniaca L. and P. domestica L. Leaf Essential Oils as Antioxidant and of Cholinesterases Inhibitors

Antioxidants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Bonesi ◽  
Maria Tenuta ◽  
Monica Loizzo ◽  
Vincenzo Sicari ◽  
Rosa Tundis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison

The aim of this work is to investigate the in vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrycholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves of Prunus armeniaca and P. domestica in relation to their composition, analysed by Gas Chromatography–Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses, at different times. Moreover, considering the role of free radicals in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, the antioxidant properties of essential oils were investigated by using, 2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and β-carotene bleaching tests. The relative antioxidant capacity index (RACI) was used to achieve more comprehensive comparison between analysed antioxidant effects of essential oils. P. armeniaca oils were more active than P. domestica oils against AChE. Against BChE, the most active was the essential oil from P. domestica leaves collected in August with an IC50 value of 95.80 μg/mL. This oil exerted the highest inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation with IC50 values of 11.15 and 11.39 μg/mL after 30 and 60 min of incubation, respectively. All samples demonstrated a remarkable ABTS radicals scavenging activity, with IC50 values in the range 0.45–0.57 μg/mL in comparison to the positive control, ascorbic acid.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Lavender Essential Oil and Some By-Products

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1829
Author(s):  
Alexandru Ciocarlan ◽  
Lucian Lupascu ◽  
Aculina Aricu ◽  
Ion Dragalin ◽  
Violeta Popescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
By Products

The producers of essential oils from the Republic of Moldova care about the quality of their products and at the same time, try to capitalize on the waste from processing. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the chemical composition of lavender (Lavanda angustifolia L.) essential oil and some by-products derived from its production (residual water, residual herbs), as well as to assess their “in vitro” antimicrobial activity. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of essential oils produced by seven industrial manufacturers led to the identification of 41 constituents that meant 96.80–99.79% of the total. The main constituents are monoterpenes (84.08–92.55%), followed by sesquiterpenes (3.30–13.45%), and some aliphatic compounds (1.42–3.90%). The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis allowed the quantification of known triterpenes, ursolic, and oleanolic acids, in freshly dried lavender plants and in the residual by-products after hydrodistillation of the essential oil. The lavender essential oil showed good antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Xanthomonas campestris, Erwinia carotovora at 300 μg/mL concentration, and Erwinia amylovora, Candida utilis at 150 μg/mL concentration, respectively. Lavender plant material but also the residual water and ethanolic extracts from the solid waste residue showed high antimicrobial activity against Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium chrysogenum, Bacillus sp., and Pseudomonas aeroginosa strains, at 0.75–6.0 μg/mL, 0.08–0.125 μg/mL, and 0.05–4.0 μg/mL, respectively.

scholarly journals Chemical Profile of the Volatile Constituents and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils from Croton adipatus, Croton thurifer, and Croton collinus

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1387
Author(s):  
Juana Liz Leslie Cucho-Medrano ◽  
Sammy Wesley Mendoza-Beingolea ◽  
César Máximo Fuertes-Ruitón ◽  
María Elena Salazar-Salvatierra ◽  
Oscar Herrera-Calderon
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis Atcc ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Unknown Component

The aim of this study was to determine the volatile phytochemical constituents and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of the leaves from Croton adipatus, Croton thurifer, and Croton collinus. Essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation using the Clevenger extractor and the phytochemical analysis was determined by Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar diffusion and colorimetric broth microdilution methods against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, and Candida albicans ATCC The essential oils from C. adipatus, C. thurifer, and C collinus had 46, 38, and 35 volatile constituents respectively. The main compounds determined in C. adipatus were β-myrcene (18.34%), while in C. collinus was β-caryophyllene (44.7%), and in C. thurifer was an unknown component (C10H16: 22.38%). Essential oil of C. adipatus showed a MIC against B. subtilis (286.4 µg/mL) and C. albicans (572.8 ± 0 µg/mL); C. thurifer against S. aureus (296.1 ± 0 µg/mL) and B. subtilis (148 ± 0 µg/mL); and C. collinus against B. subtilis (72 ± 0 µg/mL) and C. albicans (576.2 ± 0 µg/mL). The three essential oils of Croton species demonstrated in vitro antimicrobial activity against a strain of bacteria or fungi.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on the Essential Oils from Five Wild Egyptian Centaurea Species: Effective Extraction Techniques, Antimicrobial Activity and In-Silico Analyses

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Eman H. Reda ◽  
Zienab T. Abdel Shakour ◽  
Ali M. El-Halawany ◽  
El-Sayeda A. El-Kashoury ◽  
Khaled A. Shams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Binding Pocket ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Sample Classification ◽  
Docking Approach

The genus Centaurea is recognized in folk medicine for anti-inflammatory, anti-itch, antitussive, purgative, astringent, and tonic activities. To study the chemical determinant for antimicrobial activity essential oils (EOs), five Centaurea species were analyzed including: C. scoparia, C. calcitrapa, C. glomerata, C. lipii and C. alexandrina. Conventional hydro-distillation (HD) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), as new green technologies, were compared for the extraction of essential oils. GC/MS analysis identified 120 EOs including mostly terpenoid except from C. lipii and C. alexandrina in which nonterpenoids were the major constituents. Major terpenoids included spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide and alloaromadendrene oxide-2. To probe antibacterial activity, potential EO inhibitors of a bacterial type II DNA topoisomerase, DNA gyrase B were screened via an in silico molecular docking approach. Spathulenol and alloaromadendrene oxide-2 possessed the best binding affinity in the ATP- binding pocket of Gyrase B enzyme. Principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering were used for sample classification and revealed that sesquiterpenes contributed the most for accessions classification. In vitro antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger for all EOs were also evaluated. EOs from C. lipii, C. glomerata and C. calcitrapa exhibited significant MIC against S. aureus with an MIC value of 31.25 µg/mL.

Phytochemical composition and in vitro screening of the antimicrobial activity of essential oils on oral pathogenic bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Tardugno ◽  
Federica Pellati ◽  
Ramona Iseppi ◽  
Moreno Bondi ◽  
Giacomo Bruzzesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Phytochemical Composition

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of Essential Oils on Selected Weeds: Potential Hazard on Food Crops

Plants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Ibáñez ◽  
María Blázquez
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis

The chemical composition of winter savory, peppermint, and anise essential oils, and in vitro and in vivo phytotoxic activity against weeds (Portulaca oleracea, Lolium multiflorum, and Echinochloa crus-galli) and food crops (maize, rice, and tomato), have been studied. Sixty-four compounds accounting for between 97.67–99.66% of the total essential oils were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis. Winter savory with carvacrol (43.34%) and thymol (23.20%) as the main compounds produced a total inhibitory effect against the seed germination of tested weed. Menthol (48.23%), menthone (23.33%), and iso-menthone (16.33%) from peppermint only showed total seed germination inhibition on L. multiflorum, whereas no significant effects were observed with trans-anethole (99.46%) from anise at all concentrations (0.125–1 µL/mL). Low doses of peppermint essential oil could be used as a sustainable alternative to synthetic agrochemicals to control L. multiflorum. The results corroborate that in vivo assays with a commercial emulsifiable concentrate need higher doses of the essential oils to reproduce previous in vitro trials. The higher in vivo phytotoxicity of winter savory essential oil constitutes an eco-friendly and less pernicious alternative to weed control. It is possible to achieve a greater in vivo phytotoxicity if less active essential oil like peppermint is included with other active excipients.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Several Cineole-Rich Western Australian Eucalyptus Essential Oils

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Aldoghaim ◽  
Gavin Flematti ◽  
Katherine Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Western Australian

Essential oils from the Western Australian (WA) Eucalyptus mallee species Eucalyptus loxophleba, Eucalyptus polybractea, and Eucalyptus kochii subsp. plenissima and subsp. borealis were hydrodistilled from the leaves and then analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in addition to a commercial Eucalyptus globulus oil and 1,8-cineole. The main component of all oils was 1,8-cineole at 97.32% for E. kochii subsp. borealis, 96.55% for E. kochii subsp. plenissima, 82.95% for E. polybractea, 78.78% for E. loxophleba 2, 77.02% for E. globulus, and 66.93% for E. loxophleba 1. The Eucalyptus oils exhibited variable antimicrobial activity determined by broth microdilution, with E. globulus and E. polybractea oils showing the highest activities. The majority of microorganisms were inhibited or killed at concentrations ranging from 0.25% to 8.0% (v/v). Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans were the least susceptible organisms, whilst Acinetobacter baumannii was the most sensitive. In conclusion, all oils from WA Eucalyptus species showed microorganism inhibitory activity, although this varied according to both the Eucalyptus species and the microorganism tested. These data demonstrate that WA Eucalyptus oils show activity against a range of medically important pathogens and therefore have potential as antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Komposisi Minyak Atsiri dan Aktivitas Antimikroba Rimpang Temu Putih dan Jahe Gajah sebagai Fitobiotik Pakan Unggas

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Laila Nur Rohma ◽  
Laila Nur Rohma ◽  
Osfar Sjofjan ◽  
M. Halim Natsir
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Main Component

ABSTRAK                                                                        Imbuhan pakan unggas dapat berasal dari bahan herbal yang mengandung berbagai komponen aktif yang bermanfaat bagi pertumbuhan ternak.Temu putih dan jahe gajah dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai imbuhan pakan karena mengandung minyak atsiri yang dapat berperan sebagai agen antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komponen penyusun minyak atsiri dan aktivitas antimikroba pada rimpang temu putih dan jahe gajah. Penelitian dilakukan dengan percobaan in vitro menggunakan temu putih dan jahe gajah yang diolah menjadi bentuk ekstrak minyak atsiri temu putih dan jahe gajah sebagai materi uji komposisi penyusun minyak atsiri serta bentuktepung dan enkapsulasi sebagai materi uji aktivitas antimikroba. Komposisi minyak atsiri temu putih terdiri dari lima komponen penyusun dengan cis-1,7-octadien-3-yl acetat sebagai komponen utama. Komposisi minyak atsiri jahe gajah terdiri dari tujuh komponen dan benzene,1-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-4-methyl-(CAS) ar-curcumene sebagai komponen utama. Minyak atsiri yang terkandung pada temu putih dan jahe gajah mempunyai peran dalam menghambat mikroba. Uji komposisi penyusun minyak atsiri menggunakan alat GC-MS dan uji aktivitas antimikroba menggunakan metode disc diffusion dan. Hasil dari uji aktivitas antimikroba menunjukkan bahwa temu putih dan jahe gajah dalam bentuk tepung dan enkapsulasi memiliki perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap aktivitas antimikroba pada bakteri asam laktat, Escherichia coli dan Salmonella sp. Campuran temu putih dan jahe gajah (1:1) menunjukkan kemampuan terbaik dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen dengan diameter zona hambat 5,70±0,14 mm  (Escherichia coli) dan 6,88±0,45 mm (Salmonella sp.).Kata Kunci : antimikroba, fitobiotik, jahe gajah, minyak atsiri, temu putihABSTRACTThe poultry feed additives can contain herbal ingredients that contain various beneficial components for livestock growth. White turmeric and giant ginger can be used as feed additives because they contain essential oils that can be used as antibacterial agents. This study aims to determine the constituent components of essential oils and antimicrobial activity in white turmeric and giant ginger rhizomes. The study was carried out by in vitro experiments using white turmeric and giant ginger which were processed into the form of essential oil extract as material for the composition of essential oils test, and powder and encapsulation form as antimicrobial activity test material. The composition of essential oils of white turmeric consists of five constituent components with cis-1,7-octadien-3-yl acetate as the main component. The composition of giant ginger essential oil consists of seven components with benzene, 1- (1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl) -4-methyl- (CAS) ar-curcumene as the main component. Essential oils contained in the white turmeric and giant ginger have a role in inhibiting microbes. The composition of the essential oil tested using GC-MS and the antimicrobial activity test used the disc diffusion method. The results of the antimicrobial activity test showed that white turmeric and giant ginger in powder and encapsulation form had significant differences (P <0.01) on antimicrobial activity in lactic acid bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. The mixture of white turmeric and giant ginger (1: 1) showed the best ability to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria with inhibitory zone diameters of 5.70 ± 0.14 mm (Escherichia coli) and 6.88 ± 0.45 mm (Salmonella sp.).Keywords: antimicrobial, essential oil, giant ginger, phytobiotic, white turmeric

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