scholarly journals Towards A Geo-Hydro-Mechanical Characterization of Landslide Classes: Preliminary Results

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 7960
Author(s):  
Federica Cotecchia ◽  
Francesca Santaloia ◽  
Vito Tagarelli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Slope Instability ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Multidisciplinary Analysis ◽  
Risk Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Landslide Mechanisms

Nowadays, landslides still cause both deaths and heavy economic losses around the world, despite the development of risk mitigation measures, which are often not effective; this is mainly due to the lack of proper analyses of landslide mechanisms. As such, in order to achieve a decisive advancement for sustainable landslide risk management, our knowledge of the processes that generate landslide phenomena has to be broadened. This is possible only through a multidisciplinary analysis that covers the complexity of landslide mechanisms that is a fundamental part of the design of the mitigation measure. As such, this contribution applies the “stage-wise” methodology, which allows for geo-hydro-mechanical (GHM) interpretations of landslide processes, highlighting the importance of the synergy between geological-geomorphological analysis and hydro-mechanical modeling of the slope processes for successful interpretations of slope instability, the identification of the causes and the prediction of the evolution of the process over time. Two case studies are reported, showing how to apply GHM analyses of landslide mechanisms. After presenting the background methodology, this contribution proposes a research project aimed at the GHM characterization of landslides, soliciting the support of engineers in the selection of the most sustainable and effective mitigation strategies for different classes of landslides. This proposal is made on the assumption that only GHM classification of landslides can provide engineers with guidelines about instability processes which would be useful for the implementation of sustainable and effective landslide risk mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Anisakis and Hysterothylacium nematodes in Atlantic chub mackerels from Libyan coasts

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cavallero ◽  
R. A. El Sherif ◽  
A. Pizzarelli ◽  
A.A. El Fituri ◽  
M. El Showhdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Scomber Colias ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Risk Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Hysterothylacium Aduncum

SummaryThe occurrence of zoonotic parasitic nematodes in Atlantic chub mackerels (Scomber colias syn. Scomber japonicus) from Libyan waters was investigated, using epizootiological estimations and molecular specific characterization of larvae. Nematodes belonging to Anisakis spp., the main etiological agent of anisakiasis in Mediterranean waters, and to Hysterothylacium spp. so far considered not pathogenic to humans, were detected. Prevalence values were generally high in visceral cavities (over 40 % for both parasites) while were low for Anisakis (around 1 %) and null for Hysterothylacium in muscles. Moreover, the level of infections was associated with seasons, a feature potentially useful to plan fishing captures and to elaborate risk mitigation strategies for anisakiasis. Species molecular identification performed on a subsample described the presence of Hysterothylacium aduncum as the predominant species, along with Anisakis pegreffii and the hybrids (A. pegreffii and A. simplex sensu stricto), thus posing a concrete zoonotic risk following the consumption of such fish species as a raw preparation.

scholarly journals Methodologies of Economic Measurement and Vulnerability Assessment for Application in Landslide Risk Analysis in a Highway Domain Strip: A Case Study in the Serra Pelada Region (Brazil)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Felizardo Batista ◽  
Larissa De Brum Passini ◽  
Alessander Christopher Morales Kormann
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Landslide Occurrence ◽  
Serra Do Mar

Landslides are one of the main causes of death caused by disasters in the world. In this study, methodologies to measure landslide costs and to assess vulnerability are presented, with the objective of applying them to landslide risk analyses. The methodologies were applied in a region of Serra do Mar, which is crossed by a highway. The analyses and mappings were implemented in a Geographic Information System (GIS). Through the application of the methodology that considers both direct and indirect costs in the composition of total cost, it was established how much an m2 of a landslide would cost. The composition of direct costs encompassed the damages related to restoration or construction of the highways, infrastructures, unpaved roads, residential and commercial buildings, vegetal cover and agricultural areas. In indirect costs, the economic losses by victims, highway interdiction, and agricultural area profitability were calculated. In the methodology for vulnerability assessment, bodily injuries, structural damages, and functional disturbances resulted from landslides were analyzed. The risk assessment was performed through the junction of the maps of total cost, vulnerability and susceptibility. The results indicate that indirect costs were predominant in cost composition, corresponding to 87% of total costs, in comparison to 13% of the direct costs, stressing the importance of considering indirect costs in economic measurement studies. As a result, it is possible to conclude that studying landslide consequences as economic parameters supports the increasing need of performing risk quantitative analyses. It is also prudent to add that these studies help decision makers in projects of disaster risk mitigation strategies, by allowing the identification of regions with greater economic impacts in case of landslide occurrence.

scholarly journals Small-scale analysis to rank municipalities requiring slow-moving landslide risk mitigation measures: the case study of the Calabria region (southern Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Gullà ◽  
Gianfranco Nicodemo ◽  
Settimio Ferlisi ◽  
Luigi Borrelli ◽  
Dario Peduto
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Calabria Region ◽  
Slow Moving ◽  
Gis Environment

AbstractThis paper proposes a three-phase method that combines multi-source (i.e. topographic, thematic, monitoring) input data in a GIS environment to rank—at small (1:250,000) scale—administrative units (e.g. municipalities) based on their exposure to slow-moving landslide risk within a selected area (e.g. a region) and, accordingly, detect those primarily requiring mitigation measures. The method is applied in the Calabria region (southern Italy) where several municipalities are widely affected by slow-moving landslides that systematically cause damage to buildings and infrastructure networks resulting in significant economic losses. The results obtained are validated based on the information gathered from previous studies carried out at large (municipal) scale. The work undertaken represents a first, fundamental step of a wider circular approach that can profitably facilitate the decision makers in addressing the issue of the slow-moving landslide risk mitigation in a sustainable way.

scholarly journals A novel approach for evaluating contact patterns and risk mitigation strategies for COVID-19 in English primary schools with application of structured expert judgement

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 201566
Author(s):  
R. S. J. Sparks ◽  
W. P. Aspinall ◽  
E. Brooks-Pollock ◽  
R. M. Cooke ◽  
L. Danon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Expert Elicitation ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Contact Patterns ◽  
Risk Mitigation Strategies

Personal contacts drive COVID-19 infections. After being closed (23 March 2020) UK primary schools partially re-opened on 1 June 2020 with social distancing and new risk mitigation strategies. We conducted a structured expert elicitation of teachers to quantify primary school contact patterns and how contact rates changed upon re-opening with risk mitigation measures in place. These rates, with uncertainties, were determined using a performance-based algorithm. We report mean number of contacts per day for four cohorts within schools, with associated 90% confidence ranges. Prior to lockdown, younger children (Reception and Year 1) made 15 contacts per day [range 8.35] within school, older children (Year 6) 18 contacts [range 5.55], teaching staff 25 contacts [range 4.55] and non-classroom staff 11 contacts [range 2.27]. After re-opening, the mean number of contacts was reduced by 53% for young children, 62% for older children, 60% for classroom staff and 64% for other staff. Contacts between teaching and non-teaching staff reduced by 80%. The distributions of contacts per person are asymmetric with heavy tail reflecting a few individuals with high contact numbers. Questions on risk mitigation and supplementary structured interviews elucidated how new measures reduced daily contacts in-school and contribute to infection risk reduction.

Chapter 10: Learning From Co-Produced Landslide Risk Mitigation Strategies in Low-Income Settlements in Medellín (Colombia) and São Paulo (Brazil)

2020 ◽  
pp. 243-266
Author(s):  
Harry Smith ◽  
Soledad Garcia-Ferrari ◽  
Gabriela Medero ◽  
Helena Rivera ◽  
Françoise Coupé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Risk Mitigation Strategies

Numerical models for planning landslide risk mitigation strategies in iconic but unstable landscapes: The case of Cinque Torri (Dolomites, Italy)

2018 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 163-174
Author(s):  
Alessia Viero ◽  
Senro Kuraoka ◽  
Lisa Borgatti ◽  
Anna Breda ◽  
Gianluca Marcato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Risk Mitigation Strategies

scholarly journals Use of failure modes and effects analysis to mitigate potential risks prior to implementation of an intravenous compounding technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Ann Feemster ◽  
Melissa Augustino ◽  
Rosemary Duncan ◽  
Anand Khandoobhai ◽  
Meghan Rowcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Medication Safety ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Investigational Drug ◽  
Workflow Optimization ◽  
Proactive Approach ◽  
Risk Mitigation Strategies

Abstract Disclaimer In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify potential failure points in a new chemotherapy preparation technology and to implement changes that prevent or minimize the consequences of those failures before they occur using the failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) approach. Methods An FMEA was conducted by a team of medication safety pharmacists, oncology pharmacists and technicians, leadership from informatics, investigational drug, and medication safety services, and representatives from the technology vendor. Failure modes were scored using both Risk Priority Number (RPN) and Risk Hazard Index (RHI) scores. Results The chemotherapy preparation workflow was defined in a 41-step process with 16 failure modes. The RPN and RHI scores were identical for each failure mode because all failure modes were considered detectable. Five failure modes, all attributable to user error, were deemed to pose the highest risk. Mitigation strategies and system changes were identified for 2 failure modes, with subsequent system modifications resulting in reduced risk. Conclusion The FMEA was a useful tool for risk mitigation and workflow optimization prior to implementation of an intravenous compounding technology. The process of conducting this study served as a collaborative and proactive approach to reducing the potential for medication errors upon adoption of new technology into the chemotherapy preparation process.

Recent technical advancement in natural terrain landslide risk mitigation measures in Hong Kong

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian S H Kwan ◽  
Harris W K Lam ◽  
Charles W W Ng ◽  
Nelson T K Lam ◽  
S L Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Natural Terrain
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