scholarly journals Review of Adaptive Shock Control Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 817
Author(s):  
Sven Christian Künnecke ◽  
Srinivas Vasista ◽  
Johannes Riemenschneider ◽  
Ralf Keimer ◽  
Markus Kintscher
Keyword(s):  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Wave Drag ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transonic Shock ◽  
Shock Control ◽  
System Integrity ◽  
Near Term ◽  
System Benefit ◽  
Actuation Systems

Drag reduction plays a major role in future aircraft design in order to lower emissions in aviation. In transonic flight, the transonic shock induces wave drag and thus increases the overall aircraft drag and hence emissions. In the past decades, shock control has been investigated intensively from an aerodynamic point of view and has proven its efficacy in terms of reducing wave drag. Furthermore, a number of concepts for shock control bumps (SCBs) that can adapt their position and height have been introduced. The implementation of adaptive SCBs requires a trade-off between aerodynamic benefits, system complexity and overall robustness. The challenge is to find a system with low complexity which still generates sufficient aerodynamic improvement to attain an overall system benefit. The objectives of this paper are to summarize adaptive concepts for shock control, and to evaluate and compare them in terms of their advantages and challenges of their system integrity so as to offer a basis for robust comparisons. The investigated concepts include different actuation systems as conventional spoiler actuators, shape memory alloys (SMAs) or pressurized elements. Near-term applications are seen for spoiler actuator concepts while highest controllability is identified for concepts several with smaller actuators such as SMAs.

A Short History of Glosters

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (708) ◽  
pp. 1029-1037
Author(s):  
Hugh Burroughes
Keyword(s):  
Blow Up ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Final Exams ◽  
History Of ◽  
Generous Contribution ◽  
Manchester School ◽  
First Job ◽  
Sole Product

Much of the Gloster story has already been told by H. F. King in Flight for 27th May 1955. The same edition contains a generous contribution by Air Commodore Alan Wheeler which most vividly portrays a pilot's point of view on the Grebes, Gamecocks and later on, the Gladiators and Meteors. When I left school with a Scholarship to Cambridge, subsequently transferred to Manchester School of Technology because I thought it would enable me to acquire a more practical knowledge of electrical engineering, the Wrights had only just made their first flight and the idea of a career in the aircraft world never entered my head. However, after the final exams at the end of the three years at Manchester and four years experience in Works and in a Consulting Engineers office, I had the opportunity in 1909 of following my Chief, Mervyn O'Gorman, to Farnborough when he was appointed by Lord Haldane as Superintendent of the Balloon Factory, later rechristened the Royal Aircraft Establishment. My salary was £3 a week and my first job was Personal Assistant to the Superintendent and later I was given the resounding title of Technical Assistant in Charge of Supplies, mostly the special materials which were being developed for aircraft and engines. At the outset I had to make hydrogen for the Airships which were the sole product of the Factory for more than a year. Making hydrogen was more interesting than you might think because occasionally the gasometers, where the hydrogen was stored before compression into steel bottles, used to blow up. We made no less than four new Airships before Lord Haldane gave permission for aircraft design to start and we had some leeway to recover to catch up with A. V. Roe, Sopwith, Blackburn and several others who had started earlier.

Aircraft Design Possibilities

1965 ◽  
Vol 69 (652) ◽  
pp. 229-233
Author(s):  
R. H. Whitby
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Supersonic Transport ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Conservative Attitude

I hope that I shall be forgiven if I deal only in part with this subject, and also if I approach it from the airline engineer's point of view, although what I have to say is a personal expression of opinion.Airlines are commercial undertakings and do not welcome change for change's sake. To improve service competitively from the point of view of time, regularity and safety and to encourage the continued growth of traffic through reductions in fares is the broad aim; it is against this background that, for example, the supersonic transport is being considered by the airlines. As you may have gathered, there is no marked enthusiasm. In due course, come it will, and traffic management plans must bear it in mind in considering future developments in Air Traffic Management. I am going to adopt the rather conservative attitude that most air traffic over the next two decades will be in aircraft much as we know them at present, and that if the growth in traffic leads to difficulties in Air Traffic Management then the main source of improvement must be sought in the system of management.

Making Air Travelling More Economical, An Innovative Drag Reduction Approach For A Supercritical Wing Section Using Shock Control Bumps

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
A Saeed ◽  
Malik. S. Raza ◽  
Ahmed Mohsin Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wave Drag ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Supercritical Airfoil ◽  
Shock Control ◽  
Wing Section ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Drag Ratio ◽  
Lift To Drag Ratio

AbstractAir travelling is the second largest travelling medium used by people. In future it is expected to be the first choice for the travellers. As increase in the price of oil cost of air travelling is getting higher. Engineers are forced to find the cheaper means of travelling by innovating new techniques. This paper presents the new idea to reduce air travelling cost by reducing drag, which is major driving factor of high fuel consumption. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional shock control contour bumps have been designed and analysed for a supercritical wing section with the aim of transonic wave drag reduction. A supercritical airfoil (NACA SC (02)-0714) has been selected for this study considering the fact that most modern jet transport aircraft that operate in the transonic flow regime (cruise at transonic speeds) employ supercritical airfoil sections. It is to be noted that a decrease in the transonic wave drag without loss in lift would result in an increased lift to drag ratio, which being a key range parameter could potentially increase both the range and endurance of the aircraft. The major geometric bump parameters such as length, height, crest and span have been altered for both the two-dimensional and three-dimensional bumps in order to obtain the optimum location and shape of the bump. Once an optimum standalone three-dimensional bump has been acquired an array of bumps has been manually placed spanwise of an unswept supercritical wing and analysed under fully turbulent flow conditions. Different configurations have been tested with varying three-dimensional bump spacing in order to determine the contribution of bump spacing on overall performance. The results show a 14 percent drag reduction and a consequent 16 percent lift to drag ratio rise at the design Mach number for the optimum arrangement of bumps along the wing span. This innovative technique proves to be a bridge between economical problems and engineering solutions and a milestone for aviation engineering.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC TOOLS OF ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONDITIONS OF INNOVATIVE CHANGES

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
Viktor Zamlynskyi ◽  
Balla Camara ◽  
Vidal Aguinaldo de Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Moral Foundations ◽  
Enterprise Development ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Economic Tools

The article discusses management tools that allow an enterprise to pursue an innovative path of development. In the context of innovative changes, when public and private interests are closely interconnected, all companies that care about the level of business reputation have decided to participate in one way or another in the new paradigm of forming and developing a successful business. In our opinion, it is based on human resource management from the point of view of the near-term prospects of becoming the main competitive factor of growth, as well as solving, to a greater or lesser extent, global problems in the field of sustainable development. Today every organization operates in an economic space where moral foundations, principles and culture are constantly evolving. Therefore, entrepreneurs and managers must build relationships with their subordinates, competitors and partners based on improved motivational strategy, ethics and social responsibility. This approach presupposes management consulting, mentoring and training, which makes it possible to realize the ambitions of professional and personal development of each employee in the context of the implementation of the enterprise development strategy.

Numerical analysis on shape memory alloy–based adaptive shock control bump

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (15) ◽  
pp. 3055-3066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Hao ◽  
Jinhao Qiu ◽  
Hongli Ji ◽  
Rui Nie
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Angle Of Attack ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Wave Drag ◽  
Initial Shape ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Bump Height ◽  
Shock Control Bump ◽  
Shock Control

A three-dimensional adaptive shock control bump made of shape memory alloy is proposed for transonic wings. The methodology to adaptively change the configuration of the airfoil using the shape memory alloy bump to reduce the shock strength and wave drag is numerically demonstrated using an airfoil RAE2822. The shape memory alloy bump is trained to have a flat initial shape with certain initial strain and can swell up when thermally activated. Boyd–Lagoudas phenomenological model is implemented in finite element method and used to compute the two-dimensional profile and the height of the shape memory alloy bump during thermal activation. The results show that the shape memory alloy bump can generate a considerable deflection due to the reverse phase transformation when thermally activated. The dependence of aerodynamic characteristics of the wing on the height of the shape memory alloy bump and the angle of attack is investigated using computational fluid dynamics method. The results show that there is an optimal bump height for a given angle of attack and the bump with a given height is effective only in certain range of angle of attack. Optimization of bump height and the corresponding driving temperature are carried out under variable angles of attack with the lift-to-drag ratio as the objective function.

scholarly journals V-Shaped Formation Control for Robotic Swarms Constrained by Field of View

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Yang ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Peter Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Formation Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Robotic Swarms ◽  
Finite State ◽  
Robotic Swarm ◽  
High Scalability ◽  
Swarm Engineering ◽  
Unknown Region

By forming a specific formation during motion, the robotic swarm is a good candidate for unknown region exploration applications. The members of this kind of system are generally low complexity, which limits the communication and perception capacities of the agents. How to merge to the desired formation under those constraints is essential for performing relevant tasks. In this paper, a limited visual field constrained formation control strategy inspired by flying geese coordinated motion is introduced. Usually, they flock together in a V-shape formations, which is a well-studied phenomenon in biology and bionics. This paper illustrates the proposed methods by taking the research results from the above subjects and mapping them from the swarm engineering point of view. The formation control is achieved by applying a behavior-based formation forming method with the finite state machine while considering anti-collision and obstacle avoidance. Furthermore, a cascade leader–follower structure is adopted to achieve the large-scale formations. The simulation results from several scenarios indicate the presented method is robust with high scalability and flexibility.

Morphing of an adaptive shock control bump using pressurized chambers

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (15) ◽  
pp. 1821-1837
Author(s):  
Nuno Alves de Sousa ◽  
Markus Kintscher ◽  
Afzal Suleman
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wave Structure ◽  
Wave Drag ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
Shock Control Bump ◽  
Shock Control ◽  
Interaction Control ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Viscous Losses ◽  
Boundary Layer Interaction

The dawn of research on shock and boundary layer interaction control dates back to the 1970s, when humped transonic aerofoils were first studied as a means to improve the performance of supercritical aerofoil technology at off-design conditions. Since then, shock control bumps have been found to be promising devices for such kind of flow control. They have a smearing effect on the shock wave structure achieved through isentropic pre-compression of the flow upstream of the main shock and can significantly lower wave drag without incurring unacceptable viscous losses. However, their performance is strongly dependent on a set of geometrical parameters which must be adjusted according to the ever-changing flight conditions. A concept for an adaptive shock control bump is therefore presented. The proposed actuation mechanism aims at a compact, lightweight and simple structure which could be integrated into the spoiler region of near-future aircraft without major design changes required. Numerical optimization of a simplified analytical model of the structure is used to investigate the shock control bump adaptation to various aerodynamic target shapes. Compromises between geometrical conformity and both structural and actuation related requirements are studied. Furthermore, an outlook is given on design issues related to three-dimensional effects on a finite span shock control bump.

scholarly journals Predictive Models for Transient Loads of the Vertical Stabilizer of an Aircraft developed using Canonican Correlation Analision

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (7) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Michał Dziendzikowski ◽  
Wojciech Zieliński ◽  
Łukasz Obrycki ◽  
Marta Woch ◽  
Piotr Synaszko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Damage Tolerance ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Aircraft Structure ◽  
Local Stresses ◽  
Tolerance Approach ◽  
Flight Parameters ◽  
Aircraft Loads ◽  
Dominant Part

Abstract Knowledge about loads occurring in the structure during aircraft operation is vital from the point of view of the damage tolerance approach to aircraft design. In the best-life scenario, such information could be available from a network of sensors, e.g. strain gauges, installed in the aircraft structure to measure local stresses. However, operational loads monitoring (OLM) systems are still not widely applied. Instead, what is available is a set of flight parameters, which by the laws of inertia and aerodynamics help determine the dominant part of loads acting on a given element. This paper discusses the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) as a method for selecting the flight parameters used to predict aircraft loads. CCA allows for the identification of both different modes of stress distribution as well as flight parameters which are best suited for their prediction. The paper presents the application of this method to identify loads acting on the vertical stabilizer of an aircraft.

scholarly journals Book Review of “Technology vs. Ecology” by Robert A. Schultz [Abstract]

10.28945/4039 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Database Design ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Professor Emeritus ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Near Term

Aim/Purpose: To provide a summary of Technology vs. Ecology, especially outlining how a "wild animal" (aka hunter-gatherer) became the putative "master of the world" Background: Schultz is Professor Emeritus of Information Technology and has published numerous books and articles on: ethics and IT; ecology and IT; and database design Methodology: Standard research techniques utilizing material from refereed articles and books Findings: Humans are not superior and need to become a species among species in order to avoid near-term species extinction. Future Research: A rewrite of the book: new book outlines how to become a species among species. It will be incorporated into a book "People Places and Things: After the metaphysics." this book will redo metaphysics from the point of view of humanity as a species among species.

Parametric Study of Active Shock Control Bumps for Transonic Shock Buffet Alleviation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack A. Geoghegan ◽  
Nicholas F. Giannelis ◽  
Gareth A. Vio
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Study ◽  
Transonic Shock ◽  
Shock Control
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