scholarly journals Asymmetric Differences in the Effects of Average Air Temperature and Solar Radiation on Early Rice and Late Rice Yield

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1541
Author(s):  
Shengbao Wei ◽  
Anchun Peng ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Dongxian Wei ◽  
Changqing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
South China ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Subtropical Zone ◽  
Double Rice ◽  
Late Rice ◽  
Early Rice

China is the world’s largest rice producer. Thus, the stability of rice production plays a decisive role in food security. Among the types of rice, double rice (including early rice and late rice) accounts for the largest proportion of rice in China. Climate change is widely expected to affect rice yields. Studying the response of double rice yield to climate change will benefit strategic decisions related to future crop adaptation. In this paper, the relationship between climate factors and the yield of double rice during 1992–2013 in south China was analysed to determine the responses of double rice yield to climate change. The results showed that the daily average air temperature during the early rice and late rice growing seasons increased by 0.34 °C and 0.68 °C, 0.29 °C and 0.67 °C, and 0.11 °C and 0.31 °C per 10-year period in the northern subtropical zone (NST), middle subtropical zone (MST) and south subtropical zone (SST), respectively, in the last 20 years. The change trend in solar radiation was not obvious, but it fluctuated greatly. A 1 °C increase in average air temperatures decreased early rice yield by 5.36% and 2.16% in SST and MST, respectively; decreased late rice yield by 0.75% and 1.43% in MST and NST, respectively; and increased late rice yield by 3.93% in SST. A solar radiation increases of 100 MJ m−2 increased early rice yield by 1.02%, 1.54% and 1.71% in SST, MST and NST, respectively, and decreased late rice yield by 0.89% in SST. We found that annual average temperatures of 17.3 °C and 18.6 °C were the early rice and late rice yield variation thresholds, respectively; in addition, above the background temperature in south China, the early rice yield will decrease and the late rice yield will increase.

Response of rice production to climate change based on self-adaptation in Fujian Province

2017 ◽  
Vol 155 (5) ◽  
pp. 751-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. JIANG ◽  
C. L. SHI ◽  
Y. LIU ◽  
Z. Q. JIN
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
The Self ◽  
Fujian Province ◽  
Self Adaptation ◽  
Single Rice ◽  
Double Rice ◽  
Late Rice ◽  
North Western ◽  
Early Rice

SUMMARYClimate change has greatly affected agricultural production, and will lead to further changes in cropping system, varietal type and cultivation techniques for each region. The potential effects of climate change on rice production in Fujian Province, China, were explored in the current study with CERES-Rice model and climate-change scenarios, based on the self-adaptation of rice production. The results indicated that simulated yields of early rice in the double-rice region in south-eastern Fujian under scenarios A2, B2 and A1B increased by 15·9, 18·0 and 19·2%, respectively, and correspondingly those of late rice increased by 9·2, 7·4 and 7·4% when self-adaptation adjustment was considered, compared to scenarios without that consideration. In the double-rice region in north-western Fujian, simulated yields of early rice increased by 21·2, 20·5 and 18·9% and those of late rice by 14·7, 14·8 and 7·2% under scenarios A2, B2 and A1B, respectively, when self-adaptation was considered, compared to without consideration. Similar results were obtained for the single-rice region in the mountain areas of north-western Fujian, correspondingly increasing by 4·9, 5·0 and 2·9% when self-adaptation was considered compared to when it was not. In this single-rice region, double rice might be grown in the future at the Changting site under scenarios A1 and B2. When the self-adaptation adjustment was considered, the simulated overall output of rice crops in Fujian under scenarios A2, B2 and A1B increased by 5·9, 5·2 and 5·1%, respectively. Thus, more optimistic results were obtained when the self-adaptation ability of rice production was considered.

scholarly journals Parametrization of Models and Use of Estimated Global Solar Radiation Data in the Irrigated Rice Yield Simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-246
Author(s):  
João Rodrigo de Castro ◽  
Santiago Vianna Cuadra ◽  
Luciana Barros Pinto ◽  
João Marcelo Hoffmann de Souza ◽  
Marcos Paulo dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Radiation Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of estimated global solar radiation data in the simulations of potential yield of irrigated rice. Global solar radiation was estimated by four empirical models, based on air temperature, and a meteorological satellite derivated. The empirical models were calibrated and validated for 10 sites, representative of the six rice regions of the State of Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil. To evaluate the impact of the radiation estimates on irrigated rice yield simulations, the CERES-Rice model, calibrated for four cultivars, was used. The estimates of global solar radiation of the empirical models based on the air temperature showed deviations, from the observed values, of 20 to 30% and the estimated by satellite deviations of more than 30%. The global solar radiation data estimated by the Hargreaves and Samani, Donatelli and Campbell and derived satellite (PowerNasa) type air temperature-based empirical models can be used as input data in simulation models of crop growth, development and productivity of irrigated rice.

scholarly journals Quantification of Cultivar Change in Double Rice Regions under a Warming Climate during 1981–2009 in China

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Qiu ◽  
Liang Tang ◽  
Yan Zhu ◽  
Weixing Cao ◽  
Leilei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Rice Productivity ◽  
Double Rice ◽  
Late Rice ◽  
Early Rice ◽  
Rice Growing Season

Maintaining high double rice productivity in China is very important for ensuring the food security of China. However, the double rice production system is sensitive to changes in both climate and management practices. Previous studies showed that rice production has been negatively impacted by global warming without considering the changes of cultivars and management practices. However, cultivar improvements and the impact of cultivar change must not be ignored in any assessment. In the current study, we combined data analysis with crop modeling to investigate the impacts of changes in climate and cultivars on rice productivity at three different double rice sites (Nanchang, Hengyang, and Gaoyao) in China. The results showed a warming trend at the study sites during 1981–2009, and the temperature increase rates (maximum, average, and minimum temperatures) in the late rice growing season were larger than in the early rice growing season. Global warming has led to a reduction in the length of the rice growth period. Adopting new rice cultivars may partially mitigate the declining trend of the growing duration and grain yield, but it would not completely compensate for the negative impact observed in double rice regions. In general, the changes in cultivars prolonged the growing duration by increasing the basic vegetative phase and the photoperiod formation phase. The main reasons for yield improvement were the increase in the percentage of filled grains for early rice and the increase in grain number per spike for late rice. In the face of future warming, breeding efforts are necessary for producing new cultivars that are resilient to the negative impacts of future climate change on agriculture.

scholarly journals Impact Assessment of Climate Change on Paddy Yield: A Case Study of Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC), Tarahara, Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yam K Rai ◽  
Bhakta B Ale ◽  
Jawed Alam
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
The Impact

Climate change and global warming are burning issues, which significantly threat agriculture and global food security. Change in solar radiation, temperature and precipitation will influence the change in crop yields and hence economy of agriculture. It is possible to understand the phenomenon of climate change on crop production and to develop adaptation strategies for sustainability in food production, using a suitable crop simulation model. CERES-Rice model of DSSAT v4.0 was used to simulate the rice yield of the region under climate change scenarios using the historical weather data at Nepal Agriculture Research Council (NARC) Tarahara (1989-2008). The Crop Model was calibrated using the experimental crop data, climate data and soil data for two years (2000-2001) and was validated by using the data of the year 2002 at NARC Tarahara. In this study various scenarios were undertaken to analyze the rice yield. The change in values of weather parameters due to climate change and its effects on the rice yield were studied. It was observed that increase in maximum temperature up to 2°C and 1°C in minimum temperature have positive impact on rice yield but beyond that temperature it was observed negative impact in both cases of paddy production in ambient temperature. Similarly, it was observed that increased in mean temperature, have negative impacts on rice yield. The impact of solar radiation in rice yield was observed positive during the time of study period. Adjustments were made in the fertilizer rate, plant density per square meter, planting date and application of water rate to investigate suitable agronomic options for adaptation under the future climate change scenarios. Highest yield was obtained when the water application was increased up to 3 mm depth and nitrogen application rate was 140 kg/ha respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v8i3.5941 JIE 2011; 8(3): 147-167

scholarly journals Experimental warming reduces fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency in a double rice cropping system

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taotao Yang ◽  
Yanhua Zeng ◽  
Yanni Sun ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Xueming Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Experimental Warming ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Rice Season ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Double Rice ◽  
Late Rice ◽  
N Use ◽  
Early Rice

Climate warming significantly affects nitrogen (N) cycling, while its effects on the use efficiency of fertilizer N are still unclear in agroecosystems. In the present study, we examined for the first time the response of fertilizer N use efficiency to experimental warming using <sup>15</sup>N labeling with a free-air temperature increase facility (infrared heaters) in a double rice cropping system. <sup>15</sup>N-urea was applied in micro-plots to trace the uptake and loss of fertilizer N. Results showed that moderate warming (i.e. an increase of 1.4°C and 2.1°C in canopy temperature for early and late rice, respectively) did not significantly affect grain yield and biomass. Warming significantly reduced N uptake from fertilizer for both early and late rice, while increased N uptake from soil. The N recovery rate of fertilizer was reduced from 35.5% in the control and to 32.3% in the warming treatments for early rice and from 47.2% to 43.1% for late rice, respectively. Warming did not affect fertilizer N loss rate in the early rice season, whereas significantly increased it from 38.9% in the control and to 42.7% in the warming treatments in the late rice season, respectively. Therefore, we suggest that climate warming may reduce fertilizer N use efficiency and increase N losses to the environment in the rice paddy.

scholarly journals Double-Rice System Simulation in a Topographically Diverse Region—A Remote-Sensing-Driven Case Study in Hunan Province of China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
Chenzhi Wang ◽  
Fulu Tao
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Crop Model ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Crop Models ◽  
Sensing Data ◽  
Average Improvement ◽  
Double Rice ◽  
Late Rice ◽  
Early Rice

Few studies have focused on the potential impacts of topography on regional crop simulation, which might constrain the development of crop models and lead to inaccurate estimations for food security. In this study, we used remote sensing data to calibrate a regional crop model (MCWLA-Rice) for yield simulation in a double-rice crop rotation system in counties of Hunan province dominated by three landforms (plain, hill, and mountain). The calibration scheme with coarse remote sensing data (Global LAnd Surface Satellite, GLASS) greatly improved model accuracy for the double-rice system and is a promising method for yield estimation in large areas. The average improvement in relative root mean square error (RRMSE) was at most 48.00% for early rice and 41.25% for late rice. The average improvement in coefficient of determination (R2) value was at most 0.54 for early rice and 0.19 for late rice. Estimation of yield in counties dominated by different landform types indicated that: (1) MCWLA-Rice tended to be unstable in areas of complex topography and resulted in unbalanced proportions of overestimations and underestimations. (2) Differences in yield simulation between early rice and late rice varied among counties; yield estimates were highest in predominantly hilly counties, followed by counties dominated by plains, and lowest in predominantly mountainous counties. The results indicated that the topography might harm the accuracy of crop model simulations. Integration of topographic factors into crop models may enable yield estimation with enhanced accuracy to promote social development.

scholarly journals Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) fluxes over canopy of two typical subtropical forests in south China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yu ◽  
Yao Luo ◽  
Shuxiao Wang ◽  
Zhiqi Wang ◽  
Jiming Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
South China ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Gaseous Elemental Mercury ◽  
Global Emission ◽  
Emission Fluxes ◽  
Flux Measurements

Abstract. Mercury (Hg) exchange between forests and the atmosphere plays an important role in global Hg cycling. The present estimate of global emission of Hg from natural source has large uncertainty partly due to the lack of chronical and valid field data, particularly for terrestrial surfaces in China, the most important contributor to global atmospheric Hg. In this study, micrometeorological method (MM) was used to continuously observe gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) fluxes over forest canopy at a clean site (Qianyanzhou, QYZ) and a contaminated site (Huitong, HT, near a large Hg mine) in subtropical south China for a full year from January to December in 2014. The GEM flux measurements over forest canopy in QYZ and HT showed net emission with annual average values of 6.67 and 1.21 ng m−2 h−1 respectively. Daily variations of GEM fluxes showed an increasing emission with the increasing air temperature and solar radiation in the daytime to a peak at 1:00 pm, and decreasing emission thereafter, even as a GEM sink or balance at night. High temperature and low air Hg concentration resulted in the high Hg emission in summer. Low temperature in winter and Hg absorption by plant in spring resulted in low Hg emission, or even adsorption in the two seasons. GEM fluxes were positively correlated with air temperature, soil temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation while negatively correlated with air humidity and atmospheric GEM concentration. The lower emission fluxes of GEM at the contaminated site (HT) when comparing with that in the clean site (QYZ), may result from a much higher adsorption fluxes at night in spite of a similar or higher emission fluxes during daytime. It testified that the higher atmospheric GEM concentration at HT restricted the forest GEM emission. Great attention should be paid on forest as a critical increasing Hg emission source with the decreasing atmospheric GEM concentration in polluted area because of the Hg emission abatement in the future.

scholarly journals Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) fluxes over canopy of two typical subtropical forests in south China

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 495-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yu ◽  
Yao Luo ◽  
Shuxiao Wang ◽  
Zhiqi Wang ◽  
Jiming Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
South China ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Polluted Site ◽  
Gaseous Elemental Mercury ◽  
Global Emission ◽  
Emission Fluxes ◽  
Flux Measurements

Abstract. Mercury (Hg) exchange between forests and the atmosphere plays an important role in global Hg cycling. The present estimate of global emission of Hg from natural source has large uncertainty, partly due to the lack of chronical and valid field data, particularly for terrestrial surfaces in China, the most important contributor to global atmospheric Hg. In this study, the micrometeorological method (MM) was used to continuously observe gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) fluxes over forest canopy at a mildly polluted site (Qianyanzhou, QYZ) and a moderately polluted site (Huitong, HT, near a large Hg mine) in subtropical south China for a full year from January to December in 2014. The GEM flux measurements over forest canopy in QYZ and HT showed net emission with annual average values of 6.67 and 0.30 ngm-2h-1, respectively. Daily variations of GEM fluxes showed an increasing emission with the increasing air temperature and solar radiation in the daytime to a peak at 13:00, and decreasing emission thereafter, even as a GEM sink or balance at night. High temperature and low air Hg concentration resulted in the high Hg emission in summer. Low temperature in winter and Hg absorption by plant in spring resulted in low Hg emission, or even adsorption in the two seasons. GEM fluxes were positively correlated with air temperature, soil temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation, while it is negatively correlated with air humidity and atmospheric GEM concentration. The lower emission fluxes of GEM at the moderately polluted site (HT) when compared with that in the mildly polluted site (QYZ) may result from a much higher adsorption fluxes at night in spite of a similar or higher emission fluxes during daytime. This shows that the higher atmospheric GEM concentration at HT restricted the forest GEM emission. Great attention should be paid to forests as a crucial increasing Hg emission source with the decreasing atmospheric GEM concentration in polluted areas because of Hg emission abatement in the future.

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