scholarly journals Recent Advances in Strategies for Addressing Hypoxia in Tumor Photodynamic Therapy

Biomolecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Liang Hong ◽  
Jiangmin Li ◽  
Yali Luo ◽  
Tao Guo ◽  
Chenshuang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Tumor Hypoxia ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tumor Resistance ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Recent Advances

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that uses light to target tumors and minimize damage to normal tissues. It offers advantages including high spatiotemporal selectivity, low side effects, and maximal preservation of tissue functions. However, the PDT efficiency is severely impeded by the hypoxic feature of tumors. Moreover, hypoxia may promote tumor metastasis and tumor resistance to multiple therapies. Therefore, addressing tumor hypoxia to improve PDT efficacy has been the focus of antitumor treatment, and research on this theme is continuously emerging. In this review, we summarize state-of-the-art advances in strategies for overcoming hypoxia in tumor PDTs, categorizing them into oxygen-independent phototherapy, oxygen-economizing PDT, and oxygen-supplementing PDT. Moreover, we highlight strategies possessing intriguing advantages such as exceedingly high PDT efficiency and high novelty, analyze the strengths and shortcomings of different methods, and envision the opportunities and challenges for future research.

scholarly journals PTCOG Head and Neck Subcommittee Consensus Guidelines on Particle Therapy for the Management of Head and Neck Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Alexander Lin ◽  
John H. C. Chang ◽  
Ryan S. Grover ◽  
Frank J. P. Hoebers ◽  
Upendra Parvathaneni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Proton Therapy ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Particle Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Consensus Guidelines ◽  
Normal Tissues

Abstract Purpose: Radiation therapy is a standard modality in the treatment for cancers of the head and neck, but is associated with significant short- and long-term side effects. Proton therapy, with its unique physical characteristics, can deliver less dose to normal tissues, resulting in fewer side effects. Proton therapy is currently being used for the treatment of head and neck cancer, with increasing clinical evidence supporting its use. However, barriers to wider adoption include access, cost, and the need for higher-level evidence. Methods: The clinical evidence for the use of proton therapy in the treatment of head and neck cancer are reviewed here, including indications, advantages, and challenges. Results: The Particle Therapy Cooperative Group Head and Neck Subcommittee task group provides consensus guidelines for the use of proton therapy for head and neck cancer. Conclusion: This report can be used as a guide for clinical use, to understand clinical trials, and to inform future research efforts.

Hymecromone and Its Products as Cytotoxic Candidates for Brain Cancer: A Brief Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
Yasser Fakri Mustafa ◽  
Noora Thamer Abdulaziz
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Cancer Resistance ◽  
Tumor Resistance ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
Wide Range

Brain cancer is the 10th cause of death among patients suffering from cancer worldwide. Despite the huge effort put out to extract, design, and synthesize novel chemotherapeutic drugs, medicinal chemists continue to face significant obstacles due to considerable side effects, growing tumor resistance, and poor selectivity. In recent decades, great attention has been paid to the anti-cancer potential of a variety of natural compounds. Coumarin-based compounds, for example, are distinguished by their structural variety and wide range of pharmacological characteristics. Among these, hymecromone, also known as 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin, and its derivatives have shown promise in the treatment of multi-drug cancer resistance, the decrease of chemotherapeutic drug side effects, and the creation of photo-directed cancer therapy. Furthermore, numerous synthetic hymecromone-derived compounds have been demonstrated to have a broad antitumor potential, making them effective against a variety of cancers including leukemia, prostate cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, and brain cancer. In this review article, the authors evaluated the findings of a number of recently published scientific studies in order to emphasize the structural properties of hymecromone-derived compounds that are crucial in their potential as antitumor agents for brain cancer. The specification of these qualities might help guide future research towards the design and synthesis of newer chemotherapeutic drugs with improved features.

scholarly journals Nanomaterials for Tumor Hypoxia Relief to Improve the Efficacy of ROS-Generated Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changping Ruan ◽  
Kaihua Su ◽  
Dongmin Zhao ◽  
Ai Lu ◽  
Chaoran Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
Tumor Hypoxia ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Tumor Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Future Challenges

Given the fact that excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA, various ROS-generating agents and strategies have been explored to induce cell death and tumor destruction by generating ROS above toxic threshold. Unfortunately, hypoxia in tumor microenvironment (TME) not only promotes tumor metastasis but also enhances tumor resistance to the ROS-generated cancer therapies, thus leading to ineffective therapeutic outcomes. A variety of nanotechnology-based approaches that generate or release O2 continuously to overcome hypoxia in TME have showed promising results to improve the efficacy of ROS-generated cancer therapy. In this minireview, we present an overview of current nanomaterial-based strategies for advanced cancer therapy by modulating the hypoxia in the TME and promoting ROS generation. Particular emphasis is put on the O2 supply capability and mechanism of these nanoplatforms. Future challenges and opportunities of design consideration are also discussed. We believe that this review may provide some useful inspiration for the design and construction of other advanced nanomaterials with O2 supply ability for overcoming the tumor hypoxia-associated resistance of ROS-mediated cancer therapy and thus promoting ROS-generated cancer therapeutics.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Thermal Metamaterials and Their Future Applications for Electronics Packaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Choon Kim ◽  
Zongqing Ren ◽  
Anil Yuksel ◽  
Ercan M. Dede ◽  
Prabhakar R. Bandaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
High Performance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Electronics Packaging ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conductive Heat ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Conventional Cooling

Abstract Thermal metamaterials exhibit thermal properties that do not exist in nature but can be rationally designed to offer unique capabilities of controlling heat transfer. Recent advances have demonstrated successful manipulation of conductive heat transfer and led to novel heat guiding structures such as thermal cloaks, concentrators, etc. These advances imply new opportunities to guide heat transfer in complex systems and new packaging approaches as related to thermal management of electronics. Such aspects are important, as trends of electronics packaging toward higher power, higher density, and 2.5D/3D integration are making thermal management even more challenging. While conventional cooling solutions based on large thermal-conductivity materials as well as heat pipes and heat exchangers may dissipate the heat from a source to a sink in a uniform manner, thermal metamaterials could help dissipate the heat in a deterministic manner and avoid thermal crosstalk and local hot spots. This paper reviews recent advances of thermal metamaterials that are potentially relevant to electronics packaging. While providing an overview of the state-of-the-art and critical 2.5D/3D-integrated packaging challenges, this paper also discusses the implications of thermal metamaterials for the future of electronic packaging thermal management. Thermal metamaterials could provide a solution to nontrivial thermal management challenges. Future research will need to take on the new challenges in implementing the thermal metamaterial designs in high-performance heterogeneous packages to continue to advance the state-of-the-art in electronics packaging.

Recent advances in hybrid wet scrubbing techniques for NOx and SO2 removal: State of the art and future research

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 129695
Author(s):  
Hafiz Muhammad Adeel Sharif ◽  
Nasir Mahmood ◽  
Shengye Wang ◽  
Ijaz Hussain ◽  
Ya-Nan Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
So2 Removal ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Wet Scrubbing

Recent Advances in Efficacy of Using Doxorubicin Gold Nanoparticles for Chemo-, Radio-, Photothermal, and Photodynamic therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niloufar Choubdar ◽  
Sara Avizheh ◽  
Seyed Ali Karimifard
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
High Water ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Effective Cancer Therapy

: Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in drug delivery systems specifically for chemo-, radio-, photothermal, and photodynamic therapy. Due to the lack of selectivity toward tumor cells the main target in therapies is to deliver drugs to cancer cells to reduce side effects. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been described as “promising nanocarriers for therapeutics” due to many properties such as low inherent toxicity, high water solubility and biocompatibility. Many research groups have focused on taking advantage of two or more therapies simultaneously to have increased efficacy using a lower dosage of the therapeutic drug and reduced multi drug resistance (MDR). Alternatively, doxorubicin (Dox) modification has been used as a strategy for increased selectivity toward target cells. Over the years, many studies have been performed on NPs to eliminate side effects using polymers, peptides, proteins, DNA, metallic NPs, microgels, and hydrogels on drug carrierse. In this review, recent advances of using Dox-AuNPs for chemo-, radio-, photothermal, photodynamic and combination therapy are briefly discussed, and we highlight recent progression in the application of Dox-AuNPs for effective cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Enzyme-Responsive Materials as Carriers for Improving Photodynamic Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houhe Liu ◽  
Fanwen Yang ◽  
Wenjie Chen ◽  
Teng Gong ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Tumor Tissues

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a mini-invasive therapy on malignancies via reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by photosenitizer (PS) upon light irradiation. However, poor target of PS to tumor limits the clinical application of PDT. Compared with normal tissues, tumor tissues have a unique enzymatic environment. The unique enzymatic environment in tumor tissues has been widely used as a target for developing smart materials to improve the targetability of drugs to tumor. Enzyme-responsive materials (ERM) as a smart material can respond to the enzymes in tumor tissues to specifically deliver drugs. In PDT, ERM was designed to react with the enzymes highly expressed in tumor tissues to deliver PS in the target site to prevent therapeutic effects and avoid its side-effects. In the present paper, we will review the application of ERM in PDT and discuss the challenges of ERM as carriers to deliver PS for further boosting the development of PDT in the management of malignancies.

A Systematic Literature Review of the EFQM Excellence Model from 1991 to 2019

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yousaf ◽  
Petr Bris
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
European Foundation ◽  
The Subject

A systematic literature review (SLR) from 1991 to 2019 is carried out about EFQM (European Foundation for Quality Management) excellence model in this paper. The aim of the paper is to present state of the art in quantitative research on the EFQM excellence model that will guide future research lines in this field. The articles were searched with the help of six strings and these six strings were executed in three popular databases i.e. Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Around 584 peer-reviewed articles examined, which are directly linked with the subject of quantitative research on the EFQM excellence model. About 108 papers were chosen finally, then the purpose, data collection, conclusion, contributions, and type of quantitative of the selected papers are discussed and analyzed briefly in this study. Thus, this study identifies the focus areas of the researchers and knowledge gaps in empirical quantitative literature on the EFQM excellence model. This article also presents the lines of future research.

A Review of Drug Side Effect Identification Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (26) ◽  
pp. 3096-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Deng ◽  
Yige Sun ◽  
Tianyi Zhao ◽  
Yang Hu ◽  
Tianyi Zang
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Drug Side Effects ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Network Methods ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The One ◽  
Approved Drugs

Drug side effects have become an important indicator for evaluating the safety of drugs. There are two main factors in the frequent occurrence of drug safety problems; on the one hand, the clinical understanding of drug side effects is insufficient, leading to frequent adverse drug reactions, while on the other hand, due to the long-term period and complexity of clinical trials, side effects of approved drugs on the market cannot be reported in a timely manner. Therefore, many researchers have focused on developing methods to identify drug side effects. In this review, we summarize the methods of identifying drug side effects and common databases in this field. We classified methods of identifying side effects into four categories: biological experimental, machine learning, text mining and network methods. We point out the key points of each kind of method. In addition, we also explain the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Finally, we propose future research directions.

Biological Production of (S)-acetoin: A State-of-the-Art Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (25) ◽  
pp. 2348-2356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neng-Zhong Xie ◽  
Jian-Xiu Li ◽  
Ri-Bo Huang
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Optically Active ◽  
Considerable Progress ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Chiral Compound ◽  
Biological Production ◽  
Acetoin Production ◽  
Made In

Acetoin is an important four-carbon compound that has many applications in foods, chemical synthesis, cosmetics, cigarettes, soaps, and detergents. Its stereoisomer (S)-acetoin, a high-value chiral compound, can also be used to synthesize optically active drugs, which could enhance targeting properties and reduce side effects. Recently, considerable progress has been made in the development of biotechnological routes for (S)-acetoin production. In this review, various strategies for biological (S)- acetoin production are summarized, and their constraints and possible solutions are described. Furthermore, future prospects of biological production of (S)-acetoin are discussed.

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