scholarly journals Soluble Factors and Receptors Involved in Skin Innate Immunity—What Do We Know So Far?

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1795
Author(s):  
Lucian G. Scurtu ◽  
Olga Simionescu
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Soluble Factors ◽  
New Era ◽  
High Interest ◽  
Cytokine Inhibitors ◽  
Neoplastic Disorders

The pattern recognition receptors, complement system, inflammasomes, antimicrobial peptides, and cytokines are innate immunity soluble factors. They sense, either directly or indirectly, the potential threats and produce inflammation and cellular death. High interest in their modulation has emerged lately, acknowledging they are involved in many cutaneous inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic disorders. We extensively reviewed the implication of soluble factors in skin innate immunity. Furthermore, we showed which molecules target these factors, how these molecules work, and how they have been used in dermatological practice. Cytokine inhibitors have paved the way to a new era in treating moderate to severe psoriasis and atopic dermatitis.

scholarly journals Free human DNA attenuates the activity of antimicrobial peptides in atopic dermatitis

Allergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Kopfnagel ◽  
Sylvia Dreyer ◽  
Jana Zeitvogel ◽  
Dietmar H. Pieper ◽  
Anna Buch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Human Dna

scholarly journals Investigation of Complement-activating Pattern Recognition Molecules and Associated Enzymes as Possible Inflammatory Markers in Oligoarticular and Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1252-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Petri ◽  
Steffen Thiel ◽  
Jens Christian Jensenius ◽  
Troels Herlin
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Lectin Pathway ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Systemic Jia ◽  
The Complement System

Objective.The complement system plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory processes. The lectin pathway of the complement system is activated through the recognition of pathogens by soluble pattern recognition molecules (PRM), i.e., mannan-binding lectin (MBL), collectin-LK, and the ficolins. PRM are reportedly correlated to disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim was to evaluate the pathogenic role of PRM in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Methods.We measured MBL, M-ficolin, H-ficolin, MBL-associated serine proteases (MASP) 1, MASP-2, MASP-3, and 2 alternative splice products, MBL-associated protein (MAp) 44 and MAp19, in plasma and synovial fluid (SF) of children with persistent oligoarticular (n = 109 in plasma, n = 38 in SF) and systemic JIA (n = 19 in plasma, n = 11 in SF). The concentrations of the proteins were measured by in-house time-resolved immunofluorometric assays.Results.We observed significantly higher levels of M-ficolin, MASP-1, MASP-2, and MASP-3 in plasma and SF from patients with systemic JIA compared with persistent oligoarticular JIA (p < 0.001). In paired samples of plasma and SF from 47 patients with oligoarticular and systemic JIA, we observed higher concentrations in plasma for both subtypes for 7 of the measured proteins while the reverse relationship was observed for MASP-3. M-ficolin and MASP-2 correlated to erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, and platelet count (p < 0.001). M-ficolin was in addition related to the number of active joints and inversely related to hemoglobin levels.Conclusion.Our results point to plasma M-ficolin and MASP-2 as inflammatory markers in JIA. The levels of all proteins are higher in plasma than in SF, except for MASP-3, indicating that MASP-3 may be produced locally in joints.

scholarly journals New era of biologic therapeutics in atopic dermatitis

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Guttman-Yassky ◽  
Nikhil Dhingra ◽  
Donald YM Leung
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
New Era

IV. Paneth cell antimicrobial peptides and the biology of the mucosal barrier

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (2) ◽  
pp. G257-G261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre J. Ouellette
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Paneth Cell ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Paneth Cells ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Intermediate Cells

The hypothesis that epithelial cells release preformed antibiotic peptides as components of mucosal innate immunity has gained experimental support in recent years. In the mammalian small intestine, Paneth cells secrete granules that are rich in α-defensins and additional antimicrobial peptides into the lumen of the crypt. The α-defensins are homologues of peptides that function as mediators of nonoxidative microbial cell killing in phagocytic leukocytes, and they are potent microbicidal agents in in vitro assays. Because certain mouse α-defensins stimulate cultured epithelial cells to secrete chloride ion, those peptides appear to be capable of interacting directly with the apical membranes of neighboring cells and perhaps influencing crypt physiology. In instances of crypt disruption or induced Paneth cell deficiency, crypt intermediate cells appear to compensate by accumulating and secreting Paneth cell antimicrobial peptides. Challenges for the future will be to understand the mechanisms of this epithelial plasticity and to show that Paneth cells contribute directly to innate immunity in the crypt microenvironment.

Penaeidins, antimicrobial peptides of shrimp: a comparison with other effectors of innate immunity

Aquaculture ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 191 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 71-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyne Bachère ◽  
Delphine Destoumieux ◽  
Philippe Bulet
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides

scholarly journals Modulation of Human Complement System by Antimicrobial Peptide Arenicin-1 from Arenicola marina

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Umnyakova ◽  
Nikolay Gorbunov ◽  
Alexander Zhakhov ◽  
Ilia Krenev ◽  
Tatiana Ovchinnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Complement Activation ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Arenicola Marina ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Marine Polychaete ◽  
Hypothetical Mechanism

Antimicrobial peptides from marine invertebrates are known not only to act like cytotoxic agents, but they also can display some additional activities in mammalian organisms. In particular, these peptides can modulate the complement system as was described for tachyplesin, a peptide from the horseshoe crab. In this work, we investigated the influence on complement activation of the antimicrobial peptide arenicin-1 from the marine polychaete Arenicola marina. To study effects of arenicin on complement activation in human blood serum, we used hemolytic assays of two types, with antibody sensitized sheep erythrocytes and rabbit erythrocytes. Complement activation was also assessed, by the level of C3a production that was measured by ELISA. We found that the effect of arenicin depends on its concentration. At relatively low concentrations the peptide stimulates complement activation and lysis of target erythrocytes, whereas at higher concentrations arenicin acts as a complement inhibitor. A hypothetical mechanism of peptide action is proposed, suggesting its interaction with two complement proteins, C1q and C3. The results lead to the possibility of the development of new approaches for therapy of diseases connected with complement dysregulation, using peptide regulators derived from natural antimicrobial peptides of invertebrates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document