scholarly journals Small but Challenging Conjunctival Melanoma: New Insights, Paradigms and Future Perspectives

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5691
Author(s):  
Sacha Nahon-Estève ◽  
Corine Bertolotto ◽  
Alexandra Picard-Gauci ◽  
Lauris Gastaud ◽  
Stéphanie Baillif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Metastatic Spread ◽  
Orbital Exenteration ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Conjunctival Melanoma ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Multiple Recurrences

Although its incidence has increased over the last decades, conjunctival melanoma (CM) remains a rare but challenging periocular malignancy. While there is currently no recognized standard of care, “no-touch” surgical excision followed by adjuvant treatments is usually recommended. Despite its small size, managing CM is challenging for clinicians. The first challenge is the high risk of tumour local recurrence that occurs in about one third of the patients. The management of locally advanced CM (≥T2) or multiple recurrences may require mutilating surgeries such as orbital exenteration (OE). The second challenge is the metastatic spread of CM that occurs in about one quarter of patients, regardless of whether complete surgical excision is performed or not. This highlights the infiltrative and highly aggressive behaviour of CM. Recently, attention has been directed towards the use of eye-sparing strategies to avoid OE. Initially, wide conservative surgeries followed by customized brachytherapy or radiotherapy have appeared as viable strategies. Nowadays, new biological insights into CM have revealed similarities with cutaneous melanoma. These new findings have allowed clinicians to reconsider the management of locally advanced CM with “medical” eye-sparing treatment as well as the management of metastatic spread. The aim of this review was to summarize the current and future perspectives of treatment for CM based on recent biological findings.

scholarly journals Resolution of Metastatic Subungal Eccrine Porocarcinoma Treated with Intralesional Interleukin-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
Ashley Drohan ◽  
Jennifer Melvin ◽  
Joanne Murphy ◽  
Carman Giacomantonio ◽  
Lucy Helyer
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Distant Recurrence ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Cutaneous Malignancy ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision ◽  
Locally Recurrent ◽  
Eccrine Porocarcinoma

Eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare aggressive cutaneous malignancy. Complete surgical excision is the standard of care, although there are high rates of local and distant recurrence. We present a unique case of locally recurrent and metastatic subungal porocarcinoma successfully treated with intralesional interleukin-2.

scholarly journals Giant Benign Mammary Phyllodes Tumor: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Ricardo Fernández-Ferreira ◽  
Andrés Arroyave-Ramírez ◽  
Daniel Motola-Kuba ◽  
Gabriela Alvarado-Luna ◽  
Ileana Mackinney-Novelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Phyllodes Tumor ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis ◽  
Adjuvant Radiation ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Phyllodes Tumors ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision ◽  
Mexican Woman

Phyllodes tumor of the breast is an infrequently encountered fibroepithelial neoplasm, which accounts for 0.3–1% of all tumors. Few case reports have described the occurrence of giant phyllodes tumor. To our knowledge, about 20% of phyllodes tumors would be considered giant benign. Complete surgical excision is the standard of care for giant benign phyllodes tumors; axillary lymph node metastasis is rare, and dissection should be limited to patients with pathologic evidence of tumor in the lymph nodes. We report the case of a 40-year-old Mexican woman with giant mammary tumor who underwent a right total mastectomy. The pathology results showed a benign phyllodes tumor 4,857 g in weight and 40.2 × 36.3 × 15 cm in size. We do not suggest adjuvant radiation therapy for patients with benign phyllodes tumors that are widely excised. A review of the pertinent literature was performed.

scholarly journals Hepatoblastoma in a 14-months old child

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-82
Author(s):  
Rashes Shrestha ◽  
Niraj Bhattarai ◽  
Binay Thakur ◽  
Mukti Devkota ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Mandel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Loose Stool ◽  
Radiological Imaging ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision ◽  
Serum Alpha Fetoprotein ◽  
Left Hemi

In children, commonest liver tumor is hepatoblastoma. We present a 14-month-old male child who presented with abdominal distension and loose stool. Radiological imaging revealed solid hepatic mass. Hematological investigations revealed anemia, thrombocytosis and high Serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level. Ultrasound (USG) guided FNAC confirmed the mass to be hepatoblastoma. CT scan revealed hepatoblastoma PRETEXT stage III. The patient underwent 6 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and responded to POSTTEXT stage II. Left hemi-hepatectomy was done with clear resectin margins. Complete surgical excision of the mass after preoperative chemotherapy remains the mainstay of the treatment of locally advanced hepatoblastoma. 

scholarly journals Tislelizumab Combination With Chemotherapy Successfully Converted Unresectable Advanced Penile Cancer Into Complete Surgical Excision: a Case Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Yu Long ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Lian-sha Tang ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Jiyan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Inguinal Lymph Node ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Conversion Therapy ◽  
Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision ◽  
Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy ◽  
Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract Background: Locally advanced Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) with unresectable inguinal lymph nodes has a poor prognosis, and benefits from surgical treatment alone. Effective conversion therapy regimens are urgently needed.Case Presentation: We report a locally advanced PSCC patient with bulky, fixed inguinal lymph node metastasis complicated within genial skin ulcers, who completed inguinal lymph node dissection and achieved pathologically complete response via conversion therapy by immunotherapy plus chemotherapy.Conclusion: For unresectable locally advanced PSCC, neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is a potential treatment approach. Biomarkers of immune efficacy need to be explored. At the same time, clinical trials are needed to test the notions.

Reconstruction of the superior vena cava in patients with thymic malignancies.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21116-e21116
Author(s):  
Lei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Superior Vena Cava ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Graft Occlusion ◽  
Mediastinal Tumors ◽  
Svc Syndrome ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision

e21116 Background: Thymoma is a kind of mediastinal tumors usually with an indolent growth pattern but malignant because of potential for local invasion, pleural dissemination, and even systemic metastases. Different from other malignant tumors, thymoma is often associated with autoimmune disorder s, the most common one being myasthenia gravis (MG). Complete surgical excision has been regarded as the standard of care for patients with thymoma, esp. locally advanced thymoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of reconstruction (Y-shaped bypass) of the superior vena cava (SVC) to treat locally advanced thymoma with SVC syndrome. Methods: We retrospectively studied data from 24 consecutive patients with locally advanced thymoma and SVC syndrome, operated on from October. 2015 to Dec. 2018 in Beijing Tongren Hospital. Their clinical data including clinical presentation, operation procedure, postoperative drug, adjuvant radiochemotherapy and follow-up were documented. 18 cases had MG, one having dermatomyositis, and two having interstitial pneumonia. Results: There were no perioperative deaths. All patients underwent complete resection and replacement with a GORE-TEX Vascular Graft (Y-shaped bypass) of SVC. The number of typeAB, B1, B2, B3 thymoma, and thymic carcinoma in this data were 2, 2, 7, 7, and 6, respectively. 7 patients had postoperative complications: 3 (with MG) experienced myasthenia crisis, 3 had pneumonia, and one had pulmonary embolisms, respectively. Both unfractionated heparin and Warfarin were routinely used the second or third day after surgery to maintain INR (International Normalized Ratio) between 1.8 and 2.5. All patients received mediastinal radiation therapy within one month after surgery. All patients were followed up for 2 months to 42 months. There were no patients dying and recurring. Conclusions: Reconstruction of SVC (Y-shaped bypass) is an effective way to treat locally advanced thymoma with SVC syndrome. After surgery, postoperative anti-thrombotic agents should be applied to prevent acute graft occlusion.

scholarly journals Emerging concepts and recent advances in basal cell carcinoma

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Totonchy ◽  
David Leffell
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Cure Rates

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy worldwide, arising from non-keratinizing cells within the basal layer of the epidermis. The incidence of BCC continues to rise annually, increasing the burden of management of these carcinomas and the morbidity associated with their treatment. While surgical interventions such as Mohs micrographic surgery and surgical excision are the standard of care and yield the highest cure rates, the number of non-surgical interventions approved for the treatment of BCC continues to expand. We review various surgical and non-surgical approaches to the treatment of BCC, focusing on targeted molecular therapies that are approved for locally advanced or recurrent disease.

Use of Posaconazole in the Management of Invasive Orbital Aspergillosis in a Cat

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian J. McLellan ◽  
Susette M. Aquino ◽  
David R. Mason ◽  
Joann M. Kinyon ◽  
Ronald K. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Oral Therapy ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Parenteral Therapy ◽  
Orbital Exenteration ◽  
Nasal Sinus ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision ◽  
Disseminated Aspergillosis

Orbital infection with Aspergillus fumigatus was diagnosed in a Persian cat that was presented with chronic third eyelid protrusion and exophthalmos. Evidence of nasal, sinus, or disseminated aspergillosis was not detected in this cat. Complete surgical excision of diseased tissues was not possible during orbital exenteration, and infection subsequently extended into the tissues of the oral cavity. Oral therapy with itraconazole and parenteral therapy with amphotericin B were ineffective in resolving the infection. Oral therapy with a novel triazole, posaconazole, was curative.

scholarly journals Surgical excision: an effective initial therapeutic option in the management of giant macrocystic lymphatic malformations in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moaied A. Hassan ◽  
Hasan K. Gatea ◽  
Thura K. Ja’afar
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lymphatic Malformations ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Complete Surgical Excision ◽  
Cystic Tumors ◽  
Cystic Cavity ◽  
Embryologic Development

Abstract Background Lymphatic malformations are rare benign cystic tumors that result from localized disordered embryologic development of the lymphatic system and can develop anywhere in the body, predominantly in the head and neck. These lesions are classified according to the diameter of the largest cystic cavity within the lesion into microcystic and macrocystic types. Historically, surgical excision has been considered the mainstay of treatment and still remains the first therapeutic option of choice for many surgeons particularly for giant macrocystic lesions. Several alternative therapeutic modalities emerged including intralesional sclerotherapy and laser therapy with encouraging results. The study is designed to assess the effectiveness and safety of surgical excision as an initial therapeutic option in the management of these malformations. Results Asymptomatic mass with parental cosmetic and functional concerns was the mode of presentation in six (66.7%) patients. Seven (77.8%) patients were presented before the age of 2 years. Six (66.7%) of the patients had their lesions in the neck. Complete surgical excision was achieved in eight (88.9%) patients without any evident significant injury to vital neurovascular structures. None of the patients had any difficulties with breathing, swallowing, or phonation and cosmetic results were satisfactory in the majority (88.9%) of them. Conclusion Radical surgical excision of giant macrocystic lymphatic malformations in children is possible in experienced hands. It is an effective and safe initial therapeutic option and gives satisfactory esthetic and functional results.

scholarly journals Assessment and Prediction of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer: A Comparison of Imaging Modalities and Future Perspectives

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3521
Author(s):  
Valeria Romeo ◽  
Giuseppe Accardo ◽  
Teresa Perillo ◽  
Luca Basso ◽  
Nunzia Garbino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Tumor Response ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Locally Advanced Breast Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Advanced Imaging

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is becoming the standard of care for locally advanced breast cancer, aiming to reduce tumor size before surgery. Unfortunately, less than 30% of patients generally achieve a pathological complete response and approximately 5% of patients show disease progression while receiving NAC. Accurate assessment of the response to NAC is crucial for subsequent surgical planning. Furthermore, early prediction of tumor response could avoid patients being overtreated with useless chemotherapy sections, which are not free from side effects and psychological implications. In this review, we first analyze and compare the accuracy of conventional and advanced imaging techniques as well as discuss the application of artificial intelligence tools in the assessment of tumor response after NAC. Thereafter, the role of advanced imaging techniques, such as MRI, nuclear medicine, and new hybrid PET/MRI imaging in the prediction of the response to NAC is described in the second part of the review. Finally, future perspectives in NAC response prediction, represented by AI applications, are discussed.

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