Plant Secondary Metabolites against Skin Photodamage: Mexican Plants, a Potential Source of UV-Radiation Protectant Molecules

Human skin works as a barrier against the adverse effects of environmental agents, including ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Exposure to UVR is associated with a variety of harmful effects on the skin, and it is one of the most common health concerns. Solar UVR constitutes the major etiological factor in the development of cutaneous malignancy. However, more than 90% of skin cancer cases could be avoided with appropriate preventive measures such as regular sunscreen use. Plants, constantly irradiated by sunlight, are able to synthesize specialized molecules to fight against UVR damage. Phenolic compounds, alkaloids and carotenoids constitute the major plant secondary metabolism compounds with relevant UVR protection activities. Hence, plants are an important source of molecules used to avoid UVR damage, reduce photoaging and prevent skin cancers and related illnesses. Due to its significance, we reviewed the main plant secondary metabolites related to UVR protection and its reported mechanisms. In addition, we summarized the research in Mexican plants related to UV protection. We presented the most studied Mexican plants and the photoprotective molecules found in them. Additionally, we analyzed the studies conducted to elucidate the mechanism of photoprotection of those molecules and their potential use as ingredients in sunscreen formulas.

A Rare Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presented with Multiple Discharging Sinus Over the Posterior Aspect of Left Thigh

Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common cutaneous malignancy. The most important etiological factor is chronic exposure to the ultraviolet rays and hence exposed areas of the body are the most common site of squamous cell carcinoma. It is very uncommon for SCC to occur at unexposed areas of the body, and it is usually associated with long standing ulcers, sinus or immunosuppression. Here we are reporting a rare of Squamous Cell carcinoma which developed from multiple discharging sinus over the posterior aspect of left thigh in a 67 year old male.

Clinicopathological and dermoscopic correlation of pigmented basal cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC), also known as basal cell epithelioma is the most common cutaneous malignancy affecting fair skinned individuals arising from sun exposed skin especially head and neck area. It is a slow growing tumor which rarely metastasizes. UV radiation is the most important predisposing factor. It includes mainly four variants: (a) nodular, (b) pigmented, (c) superficial BCC, (d) sclerosing or morphea form of which most common is nodular variant. Dermoscopy of pigmented BCC shows well focussed arborizing vessels which is the hallmark. The best modality of treatment is surgical excison of tumour, electrodesiccation and curettage, cryosurgery, and Mohs micrographic surgery.