scholarly journals Milk Exosome-Derived MicroRNA-2478 Suppresses Melanogenesis through the Akt-GSK3β Pathway

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2848
Author(s):  
In-Seon Bae ◽  
Sang Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Target Gene ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Direct Target Gene ◽  
Direct Targeting ◽  
Direct Target ◽  
Melanin Contents

Exosomes participate in intercellular communication by transferring molecules from donor to recipient cells. Exosomes are found in various body fluids, including blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and milk. Milk exosomes contain many endogenous microRNA molecules. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs and have important roles in biological processes. The specific biological functions of milk exosomes are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of milk exosomes on melanin production in melanoma cells and melanocytes. We found that milk exosomes decreased melanin contents, tyrosinase activity and the expression of melanogenesis-related genes in melanoma cells and melanocytes. Bovine-specific miR-2478 in exosomes inhibited melanin production. We found that Rap1a is a direct target gene of miR-2478 in melanoma cells and melanocytes. MiR-2478 overexpression decreased Rap1a expression, which led to downregulated melanin production and expression of melanogenesis-related genes. Inhibition of Rap1a expression decreased melanogenesis through the Akt-GSK3β signal pathway. These results support the role of miR-2478 derived from milk exosomes as a regulator of melanogenesis through direct targeting of Rap1a. These results show that milk exosomes could be useful cosmeceutical ingredients to improve whitening.

scholarly journals Expression and Clinical Significance of YAP, TAZ, and AREG in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-xia Han ◽  
E. Bai ◽  
Gui-hua Jin ◽  
Chen-chen He ◽  
Xi-jing Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Hippo Pathway ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Direct Target Gene ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Direct Target

Purpose. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are two important effectors of Hippo pathway controlling the balance of organ size and carcinogenesis. Amphiregulin (AREG) is a member of the epidermal growth factor family, a direct target gene of YAP and TAZ. The role of these proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unclear.Methods. The expression of YAP, TAZ, and AREG in HCC was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. The level of secreted serum AREG was also assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay.Results. YAP, TAZ, and AREG were expressed in 69.2% (27/39), 66.7% (26/39), and 61.5% (24/39) of HCC patients. The expression of YAP was significantly correlated with Edmondson stage (P>0.05), serum AFP level (P>0.05), and HCC prognosis (P>0.05). AREG expression was also significantly correlated with Edmondson stage (P>0.05) and serum AFP level (P>0.05). In addition, the expression of serum AREG was higher than serum AFP in HCC patients. Further multivariate analysis showed that YAP expression was an independent prognostic factor that significantly affected the overall survival of HCC patients.Conclusions. YAP maybe an independent prognostic indicator for HCC patients and serum AREG may be a serological biomarker of HCC.

scholarly journals Identification ofTDRD1as a direct target gene ofERGin primary prostate cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joost L. Boormans ◽  
Hanneke Korsten ◽  
Angelique J.C. Ziel-van der Made ◽  
Geert J.L.H. van Leenders ◽  
Carola V. de Vos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Primary Prostate Cancer ◽  
Direct Target Gene ◽  
Direct Target

ZNF16 (HZF1) promotes erythropoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis via regulation of the c-KIT gene

2014 ◽  
Vol 458 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Xiao-Bo Li ◽  
Rui Su ◽  
Li Song ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Megakaryocytic Differentiation ◽  
Kit Gene ◽  
Direct Target Gene ◽  
Direct Target

The present study demonstrated that ZNF16 (HZF1) plays an important role in erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation of human haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, identified and validated c-KIT as a direct target gene of ZNF16, and demonstrated that ZNF16 functions via its regulation on the c-Kit/c-Raf/MEK/ERK/c-Jun/HEY1/GATA1 cascade.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-342 Prohibits Proliferation and Invasion of Melanoma Cells by Directly Targeting Zinc-Finger E-Box-Binding Homeobox 1

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1447-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Shi ◽  
Qi He ◽  
Jing Wei
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
E Box ◽  
Direct Target Gene ◽  
Direct Target ◽  
Proliferation And Invasion ◽  
Zeb1 Expression

As documented in numerous studies, microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in various biological processes associated with melanoma occurrence and development. In this study, we found that miRNA-342 (miR-342) was significantly downregulated in melanoma tissues and cell lines. Additionally, the ectopic expression of miR-342 prohibited the cell proliferation and invasion of melanoma. Moreover, zinc-finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) was identified as a direct target gene of miR-342 in melanoma. Similar with the results induced by miR-342 overexpression, ZEB1 knockdown attenuated cell proliferation and invasion in melanoma. Furthermore, the restoration of ZEB1 expression reversed the suppressive effects of miR-342 on the proliferation and invasion of melanoma cells. These findings suggest that miR-342 may play tumor-suppressing roles in melanoma, at least partially, by directly inhibiting ZEB1 expression. Therefore, miR-342 may be developed as a potential candidate for the treatment of patients with this aggressive type of cancer.

scholarly journals The Receptor Tyrosine Kinase EphA2 Is a Direct Target Gene of Hypermethylated in Cancer 1 (HIC1)

2011 ◽  
Vol 287 (8) ◽  
pp. 5366-5378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bénédicte Foveau ◽  
Gaylor Boulay ◽  
Sébastien Pinte ◽  
Capucine Van Rechem ◽  
Brian R. Rood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Direct Target Gene ◽  
Direct Target

MicroRNA: Potential biomarker and target of therapy in acute lung injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1429-1442
Author(s):  
Z-F Jiang ◽  
L Zhang ◽  
J Shen
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Indirect Injury

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs stretching over 18–22 nucleotides and considered to be modifiers of many respiratory diseases. They are highly evolutionary conserved and have been implicated in several biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, among others. Acute lung injury (ALI) is a fatal disease commonly caused by direct or indirect injury factors and has a high mortality rate in intensive care unit. Changes in expression of several types of miRNAs have been reported in patients with ALI. Some miRNAs suppress cellular injury and accelerate the recovery of ALI by targeting specific molecules and decreasing excessive immune response. For this reason, miRNAs are proposed as potential biomarkers for ALI and as therapeutic targets for this disease. This review summarizes current evidence supporting the role of miRNAs in ALI.

scholarly journals Scavenger Chemokine (CXC Motif) Receptor 7 (CXCR7) Is a Direct Target Gene ofHIC1(Hypermethylated in Cancer 1)

2009 ◽  
Vol 284 (31) ◽  
pp. 20927-20935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Capucine Van Rechem ◽  
Brian R. Rood ◽  
Majid Touka ◽  
Sébastien Pinte ◽  
Mathias Jenal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Gene ◽  
Direct Target Gene ◽  
Direct Target

scholarly journals YTHDF2, a protein repressed by miR-145, regulates proliferation, apoptosis and migration in ovarian cancer cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
Meili Pei ◽  
Yun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cells ◽  
Direct Target Gene ◽  
Direct Target ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Cancer Tissues ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

Abstract RNA methylation can reverse the methylation modification at RNA level, which is a kind of extremely important epigenetic modification. YTHDF2, as a reader of m6A modification, the function and mechanisms of in epithelial ovarian cancer(EOC) have not been elucidated so far. In this study, we demonstrated that YTHDF2 was significantly upregulated in EOC tissues compared with normal ovarian tissues, further function studies confirmed that YTHDF2 significantly promoted the proliferation and migration of EOC cell lines, and reduced the global mRNA m6A levels. Next, we found that the expression levels of miR-145 and YTHDF2 were inversely correlated in ovarian cancer tissues and cells, and YTHDF2 is the direct target gene of miR-145. Interestingly, there was a crucial crosstalk between miR-145 and YTHDF2 via a double-negative feedback loop. Overexpression of YTHDF2 rescues miR-145-induced reduction of proliferation and migration in EOC cells. To conclude, YTHDF2 and miR-145, as two crucial m6A regulators, are involved in the progression of EOC by indirectly modulating m6A levels. In view of these promising results, YTHDF2 and miR-145 may provide new insights into the carcinogenesis and new potential therapeutic targets for EOC.

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