scholarly journals Seasonal Climate Impacts on Vocal Activity in Two Neotropical Nonpasserines

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Cristian Pérez-Granados ◽  
Karl-L. Schuchmann
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Calling Behavior ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Focal Species ◽  
Calling Activity ◽  
Vocal Activity

Climatic conditions represent one of the main constraints that influence avian calling behavior. Here, we monitored the daily calling activity of the Undulated Tinamou (Crypturellus undulatus) and the Chaco Chachalaca (Ortalis canicollis) during the dry and wet seasons in the Brazilian Pantanal. We aimed to assess the effects of climate predictors on the vocal activity of these focal species and evaluate whether these effects may vary among seasons. Air temperature was positively associated with the daily calling activity of both species during the dry season. However, the vocal activity of both species was unrelated to air temperature during the wet season, when higher temperatures occur. Daily rainfall was positively related to the daily calling activity of both species during the dry season, when rainfall events are scarce and seem to act as a trigger for breeding phenology of the focal species. Nonetheless, air temperature was negatively associated with the daily calling activity of the Undulated Tinamou during the wet season, when rainfall was abundant. This study improves our understanding of the vocal behavior of tropical birds and their relationships with climate, but further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind the associations found in our study.

scholarly journals A Comparative Frequency Analysis of Maximum Daily Rainfall for a SE Asian Region under Current and Future Climate Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velautham Daksiya ◽  
Pradeep Mandapaka ◽  
Edmond Y. M. Lo
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Rainfall Extremes ◽  
Annual Maximum Daily Rainfall ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Maximum Daily Rainfall

The impact of changing climate on the frequency of daily rainfall extremes in Jakarta, Indonesia, is analysed and quantified. The study used three different models to assess the changes in rainfall characteristics. The first method involves the use of the weather generator LARS-WG to quantify changes between historical and future daily rainfall maxima. The second approach consists of statistically downscaling general circulation model (GCM) output based on historical empirical relationships between GCM output and station rainfall. Lastly, the study employed recent statistically downscaled global gridded rainfall projections to characterize climate change impact rainfall structure. Both annual and seasonal rainfall extremes are studied. The results show significant changes in annual maximum daily rainfall, with an average increase as high as 20% in the 100-year return period daily rainfall. The uncertainty arising from the use of different GCMs was found to be much larger than the uncertainty from the emission scenarios. Furthermore, the annual and wet seasonal analyses exhibit similar behaviors with increased future rainfall, but the dry season is not consistent across the models. The GCM uncertainty is larger in the dry season compared to annual and wet season.

Respective frequencies of early and late embryonic mortality in Prim’ Holstein cows under subtropical conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-392
Author(s):  
E. Tillard ◽  
S. Nabeneza ◽  
B. Faye ◽  
P. Humblot
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Reproductive Failure ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Early Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Tropical Climates

AbstractThe frequency of early and late embryonic mortality was determined following 171 inseminations performed between January and December 1998 in 6 herds located in Reunion Island. Milk was sampled 23 to 24 days after Alfor progesterone determination in cows not observed to return to oestrus after AI. Cows were also blood sampled at between 30 and 45 days post-AI to measure Pregnancy Specific Protein B. Overall pregnancy rate was 25.1% (range between herds 12.5% to 42.3%). Early embryonic mortality or fertilisation failures and late embryonic mortality occurred in 57.3% (range between herds 52.9% to 61.6%) and 17.5% (range between herds 3.8% to 33.4%) of cows inseminated, respectively. Nonpregnant cows, not detected in oestrus by Day 24 after AI were recorded to returned to oestrus, on average 66 ±9.6 days or more than 3 cycles after AI. The pregnancy rate was depressed when cows were inseminated during the wet season compared with cows inseminated during the dry season. We conclude that fertilisation failures or early embryonic mortality was the main cause of reproductive failure in inseminated cows in tropical climates. The incidence was twice that obtained in studies conducted under more temperate climatic conditions.

Seasonal variation in nocturnal calling activity of a savanna anuran community in central Brazil

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glória Moreira ◽  
Larissa Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Activity Period ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Calling Activity ◽  
Permanent Pond

AbstractWe studied the calling activity of a savanna anuran assemblage and correlated two climatic parameters, rainfall and air temperature, with anuran calling. We made observations from September 1991 until March 1993 and quantified nocturnal calling activity by counting the number of calling males for each species present in a permanent pond. Bufo paracnemis had the shortest calling activity period and Physalaemus cuvieri had a seasonal calling period, lasting a maximum of four months. Diversity of calling males and species richness reached a peak in the first three months of the rainy season. Comparisons with other populations indicate that the reproductive period of P cuvieri varies along its geographical distribution in a manner related to regional climatic conditions.

Climate, the vital Factor in the Ecology of Glossina

1937 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. M. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Riverine Forests ◽  
Seasonal Factor ◽  
Riverine Vegetation ◽  
Open Woodland ◽  
Vital Factor ◽  
Forest Fringe

The Seasonal Factor.1. The period of stress due to extreme climatic conditions is far shorter in the forest than in the meadow-pan.2. G. tachinoides is primarily dependent upon riverine vegetation or residual forest, and has only a very limited wet season spread. G. submorsitans is primarily an open woodland fly with great powers of dispersal which are annually checked by adverse climate that enforces a temporary dependence upon the riverine forests.3. G. tachinoides abounds within the stream-bed or residual forest ; G. submorsitans abounds on the forest fringe.4. The dispersal of both species is closely associated with evaporation and saturation deficiency. A mean monthly evaporation of 20–28 cc. and a saturation deficiency of 5 to 8 millibars results in maximal dispersal ; dispersal yields to concentration as the evaporative power of the air increases above these zones.5. The extent of the annual dispersal is indirectly governed by the duration of the wet season—the longer the season the more extensive the dispersal.6. The population of G. submorsitans steadily increases throughout the rains as the evaporation falls, and becomes maximal towards the end when the evaporation is in the optimum zone (20—25 cc.) ; density steadily falls throughout the dry season as evaporation rises, and becomes minimal at the end when evaporation is maximal. G. tachinoides is believed to behave similarly, but the optimum zone of evaporation is probably about 6 to 10 cc.

scholarly journals Observations of the flowering and fructification of the groundnut, Arachis hypogaea.

1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
G.G. Bolhuis
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
The Third

Three groups, each of 10 plants, of the groundnut Spanish bunch variety Schwarz 21 were grown at Buitenzorg, Java, 2 groups being sown in pots in November and February (beginning and end of the wet season), the third being sown in the open in June (middle of the dry season). The differing climatic conditions had little effect on the flowering cycle of the plants.-R.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

On the origin of the wet-season form of Zonocerus variegatus (L.) (Orth., Acrididae) in southern Nigeria, with some biological notes

1972 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ajibola Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Zonocerus Variegatus ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
Breeding Seasons

Previous reports and field observations at Ibadan and in northern Nigeria have established the occurrence of a dry-season form and a wet-season form of Zonocerus variegatus (L.). The wet-season form in the savanna areas of northern Nigeria is shown to be virtually identical with that from southern Nigeria on the basis of breeding seasons, habitat and morphometrics. Morphometrics show the wet- and dry-season forms to be distinct. It is suggested that the dry-season form in the wet rain forest zone spread into the dry savanna areas giving rise to a wet-season form adapted to the different climatic conditions. The increasing occurrence of the wetseason form in the south probably represents a re-invasion by the northern wetseason form.

scholarly journals Evaluation of methods for estimating atmospheric emissivity in Mato-Grossense Cerrado

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonh Billy Silva ◽  
Denilton Carlos Gaio ◽  
Leone Francisco Amorim Curado ◽  
José De Souza Nogueira ◽  
Luiz Claudio Galvão Valle Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Water Vapor Pressure ◽  
Energy Balance Equation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Atmospheric Emissivity ◽  
Index Of Agreement ◽  
Evaluation Of Methods

This study analyzed the performance of the Brunt (1932), Swinbank, (1963), Idso and Jackson (1969), Brutsaert (1975), Idso (1981), and Bignami et al. (1995) methods to estimate atmospheric emissivity under grass-dominated savannas (known as campo sujo Cerrado), in the region of Baixada Cuiabana. The estimates were compared with data obtained by energy balance equation in two seasons, dry season (May to August), and wet season (September to December) of 2009. The Swinbank and Idso and Jackson methods, that consider only air temperature, show better performances for the wet season. However, methods that consider water vapor pressure and air temperature (Brunt, Brutsaert, Bignami and Idso) show good performances for the dry season. The Idso and Brutsaert methods show the highest index of agreement and are recommended to estimate atmospheric emissivity for the region.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variability of Standardized Precipitation Index over Indochina Peninsula

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Vu ◽  
A. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Indochina Peninsula ◽  
Red River Delta

Indochina Peninsula has abundant water resources; however, most of the rain falls during the wet season. An arid condition is quite pronounced throughout the dry season. The majority of population depends on the agriculture as the main source of livelihood income. It is, therefore, important to study the drought and wetness over the region because crops are vulnerable to extreme climatic conditions. We used gridded precipitation APHRODITE and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of drought and wetness over Indochina peninsula. Nonparametric Modified Mann-Kendall (MMK) trend test was applied to determine the SPI trends over this region. There is a decrease in precipitation over a large part of Indochina during winter (dry season) and an increasing pattern during summer (rainy season). The increasing trend of SPI indicates an increase in wet condition over most parts of Indochina peninsula except for Red River Delta in Vietnam, central parts of Vietnam/Laos and western parts of Cambodia.

scholarly journals Fire Incident Statistics in the Tamale Metropolitan Area in the Northern Region of Ghana: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Moses Banyeh ◽  
Gilbert Balinia Adda
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fire Incident

The effect of a fire disaster is greater in developing countries due to inadequate 'firefighting preventive and support systems. There is therefore the need to analyze fire incident data to enable better fire safety and prevention strategies. The study was a retrospective cross-sectional study from January to June 2021. In all, 130 fire incident reports from 2017 to 2020 were collected. The data, consisting of 32 variables were analyzed using binary logistic regression. It was observed that fire incidents due to electrical causes (53.9%), occurring in residential buildings (55.4%), and in the dry season (57.7%) were the most common. Fires due to nonelectrical causes were less likely to spread compared to fires due to electrical causes [AOR: 0.465(95%CI:0.221-0.977)]. Also, the likelihood of a fire spreading in the wet season was reduced, compared to the dry season [AOR: 0.341(95%CI:0.118-0.988)]. Moreover, apartment house’s fires were less likely to spread as compared to compound house's' fires [AOR: 0.341(95%CI:0.118-0.988)]. The source of energy, the design of a building and the climatic conditions are associated with fire incidents in the study area. These findings will serve as guidelines for fire safety and prevention strategies in the Tamale metropolitan area.

scholarly journals THE DAILY RAINFALL STATISTICAL SHIFT DURING THE HALF CENTURY OVER THE BRANTAS CATCHMENT, EAST JAVA(STATISTIK PERUBAHAN CURAH HUJAN HARIAN SELAMA SETENGAH ABAD DI DAERAH TANGKAPAN BRANTAS, JAWA TIMUR)

Agromet ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
E. Aldrian ◽  
F Ismaini ◽  
Yonny Koesmaryono
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Rainy Days

<p>A study of long term shift of the daily rainfall over the Brantas catchment East Java was done. Such a study is relatively new for the country due to lack of good quality data and sparsely distributed data all over the region. With a good quality long-term daily rainfall data over the Brantas catchment, we could detect a statistical shift of amount of rainy days, shift between periods and frequency trend changes from weekly, monthly, three-monthly and annually. The study utilized several methods including the probability density function distribution shift, Mann Kendall non parametric trend test and the wavelet analyses. The shift of low amount rainfall occurs from the dry to the wet season. We found distinct influences of orography and ENSO years in our trend tests. Additionally, the result of the Mann Kendall test show that the trend of rainy days increase during the wet season and the second transition period, while decrease during the dry season and first transitional period. Meanwhile the El Nino and La Nina have significant influence toward the dry season and the second transitional period.</p>

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