scholarly journals Is a High Abundance of Spring Diatoms in the Photic Zone of Lake Baikal in July 2019 Due to an Upwelling Event?

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 504
Author(s):  
Mikhail Grachev ◽  
Yurij Bukin ◽  
Vadim Blinov ◽  
Oleg Khlystov ◽  
Alena Firsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
Photic Zone ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Diatom Blooms ◽  
Upwelling Event ◽  
South Baikal

A high abundance of planktonic microalgae is typically thought to be related to their ‘bloom’, that is, to active population growth. Diatom blooms in the photic zone of Lake Baikal generally occur during hydrological spring (April–June); when the summer arrives and the surface water temperature increases, diatoms are replaced by other microalgae. In July 2019, we found a concentration of the diatom Fragilaria radians at a station in South Baikal that was extremely high for that season. This species generally blooms in spring, but in spring (May) of 2019, this alga was nearly absent from the phytoplankton population. Microscopic analysis of the sample taken in July 2019 revealed that the cells were in a dormant stage. The species composition of microalgae in phytoplankton samples from May 2018 and July 2019 was similar. According to the temperature profile analysis, a summer upwelling event from a depth of ca. 100 m occurred in 2019. We hypothesised that this event caused the resuspension of microalgae, including Fragilaria radians, which were deposited on the slopes of the lake in 2018. Hence, the high abundance is not always a ‘bloom’ or an active growth.

Natural infection of the calanoid crustacean Epischura baicalensis by procercoids of Proteocephalus sp. in Listvenichnyi Bay, Lake Baikal

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.T. Rusinek ◽  
M.P. Bakina ◽  
A.V. Nikolskii
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
The Third ◽  
Summer Generation ◽  
Copepodid Stage ◽  
One Year ◽  
South Baikal

AbstractNatural infection of the plankton Epischura baicalensis Sars (Calanoida: Temoridae) by procercoids of the genus Proteocephalus in Lake Baikal is analysed in detail. Over one year Epischura was infected by procercoids of proteocephalids at a prevalence of 0.13% (in Listvenichnyi Bay, South Baikal). Male E. baicalensis were infected more (0.39%). The number of procercoids of genus Proteocephalus was 2.7 specimens/m3. The largest number of procercoids was found in females (1.26), the least in the third copepodid stage (0.03 specimens/m3). Because of the close ecological contacts between E. baicalensis and Coregonus autumnalis migratorius it is probable that E. baicalensis is infected by P. exiguus, the species usually found in C. a. migratorius (Zaika, 1965). The parasite lives for about 8 months in the winter-spring Epischura generation and about 10 months in the summer generation.

scholarly journals Some Results of Digital (in situ) Monitoring of Atmospheric Pollution with Gaseous Impurities in the Central Ecological Zone of South Baikal

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
T. V. Khodzher ◽  
◽  
V. A. Obolkin ◽  
E. V. Molozhnikova ◽  
M. Yu. Shikhovtsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
South Baikal

The article presents the results of continuous automatic monitoring of atmospheric transport of pollutants in the source area of the Angara river (South Baikal) at the "Listvyanka" atmospheric monitoring station in 2019-2020. The temporal variability of the concentrations of oxides of sulfur, nitrogen, and mercury in the atmosphere of the сentral ecological zone of the lake Baikal is analyzed with high resolution from minutes to days. The use of automatic high-resolution gas analyzers for atmospheric impurities and meteorological parameters allows real-time monitoring of the flow of atmospheric pollution into the сentral ecological zone of South Baikal. Depending on the meteorological and synoptic conditions, observations demonstrate a high variability in the concentrations of anthropogenic impurities in the atmosphere over South Baikal. It is shown that the most severe atmospheric pollution occurs during the transfer of air masses from the north-northwest in winter. When transported from the South Baikal, atmospheric pollution is minimal. The temporal variability of the concentrations of the studied impurities occurs synchronously, which indicates their common source of origin – the combustion of fossil fuel. The highest time fluctuations are determined for the concentrations of sulfur and nitrogen oxides, the fluctuations in mercury concentrations are less significant. The average (median) and maximum (one-time) concentrations of sulfur oxides at "Listvyanka" station are given, depending on the prevailing wind directions. Direct trajectories of air mass transfer from the source cities of the Irkutsk region (Irkutsk, Angarsk, Shelekhov) are presented. At the time of the increase in the concentration of gas impurities at the "Listvyanka" station, pollution was transferred from the industrial complexes of the Baikal region. In the conclusion of the article, it is concluded that there are two main mechanisms of atmospheric pollution in the central ecological zone of Lake Baikal: direct transfer of individual weakly scattered plumes of separate regional thermal power plants with jet air currents at the upper boundary of the night boundary layers of the atmosphere (from 200 to 500 m above ground level); large-scale northwestern transport of mixed emissions from many regional and remote sources under the influence of synoptic-scale processes. Small settlements located on the coast, due to small volumes of emissions, do not make a significant contribution to the pollution of the lake's atmosphere. The work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (grant No. 075-15-2020-787 for implementation of large scientific project "Fundamentals, methods and technologies for digital monitoring and forecasting of the environmental situation on the Baikal natural territory".

Dynamics of microalgae development in the under-ice period in Southern Baikal

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Maria V. Bashenkhaeva ◽  
Yulia R. Zakharova ◽  
Yelena V. Likhoshway
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Spring Peak ◽  
Ice Water ◽  
Ice Period ◽  
South Baikal

Spring peak of phytoplankton vegetation in Lake Baikal starts in under-ice period. This article presents the results of a study of the microalgae composition at the “ice – water” phases in different ecological zones in South Baikal over five years.

scholarly journals Optimization of Microbial Hydrolysis Parameters of Poultry By-Products Using Probiotic Microorganisms to Obtain Protein Hydrolysates

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Oksana Zinina ◽  
Svetlana Merenkova ◽  
Damir Galimov
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Response Surfaces ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Microbial Hydrolysis ◽  
Parent Stock ◽  
By Products

In connection with the active growth of poultry processing, the issue of rational use of poultry by-products is urgent. The paper proposes hydrolysis of the gizzards of broiler chickens and hens of the parent stock with bifidobacteria liquid concentrate (BLC) and Propionix liquid concentrated starter culture (Propionix LCSC). The effect of enzymatic treatment on changes in the structural components of the gizzards was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and determination of the dispersed composition. As a result of the research, the multiple regression equations and the response surfaces were obtained, which describe the optimal parameters of the gizzard´s hydrolysis process. The temperature and the time of hydrolysis are factors that have a significant effect on the degree of hydrolysis. The results of the structural and microscopic analysis confirm the high hydrolysability of the by-products by changing its structure and increasing the number of smaller protein particles. It was found experimentally that the gizzards of hens are more susceptible to the action of probiotic microorganisms’ enzymes compared to the gizzards of broiler chickens.

Paleoclimate Records from the Lake Baikal Sediments and Lava Formations of the South Baikal Volcanic Area

2003 ◽  
pp. 23-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail I. Kuzmin ◽  
Vladimir V. Yarmolyuk ◽  
Eugene B. Karabanov ◽  
Takayoshi Kawai ◽  
Alexander A. Prokopenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Volcanic Area ◽  
The South ◽  
Paleoclimate Records ◽  
South Baikal

Biogenic Silica Record of the Lake Baikal Response to Climatic Forcing during the Brunhes

2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Prokopenko ◽  
Eugene B. Karabanov ◽  
Douglas F. Williams ◽  
Mikhail I. Kuzmin ◽  
Nicholas J. Shackleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Biogenic Silica ◽  
Thermal Structure ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Record ◽  
Isotope Record ◽  
Oxygen Isotopic ◽  
Brunhes Chron ◽  
Diatom Blooms ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis work presents a detailed, orbitally tuned biogenic silica record of continental paleoclimate change during the Brunhes chron. The Brunhes/Matuyama boundary lies within the warm isotopic stage 19 in Baikal, and the boundaries between eight lithological cycles correspond to terminations in the marine oxygen isotope record. The high amplitude and resolution of climatically driven changes in BioSi content in Lake Baikal sediments permits tuning of almost every precessional cycle during the Brunhes and reveals the structure of interglacial stages. For example, the last three interglacial stages (MIS 5, 7, and 9) clearly consist of five substages (a, b, c, d, e) corresponding to precessional insolation peaks. Abrupt and intense regional glaciations in Siberia during substages 5d and 7d were driven by extreme insolation minima. During substage 9d cooling was more gradual in response to more moderate forcing. The impact of strong glaciation is also observed in the middle of stage 15, where full glacial conditions appear to have lasted for over 30,000 yr during substages 15d, 15c, and 15b. Marine oxygen isotopic stage 11 appears to be the warmest period during the Brunhes in the Lake Baikal record, with at least three substages.A new hypothesis is presented regarding the response of the Lake Baikal BioSi record to insolation forcing. Based on the mechanism controlling modern diatom blooms, biogenic silica production is hypothesized to be dependent on changes in the heat balance of the lake and consequently on changes in the thermal structure of the water column. This mechanism is also sensitive to short-term sub-Milankovich cooling events, such as the mid-Eemian cooling, the Montaigu event during substage 5c, and a cooling which appears to be analogous to the Montaigu event during substage 9c. The continuity of the Lake Baikal paleoclimate record, its sensitivity to orbital forcing, and its high resolution make it an excellent candidate for a new “paleoclimatic stratotype” section for continental Asia.

Fishing capacity of South Baikal in terms of tourism development and limitations on fishing industry

Fisheries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
Alexander Sukhodolov ◽  
Pavel Anoshko ◽  
Yakov Sukhodolov ◽  
Alina Kolesnikova
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Recreational Fishing ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The South ◽  
Municipal District ◽  
Fishing Capacity ◽  
Fishing Area ◽  
South Baikal

The article considers eco-economic aspects of using the fishing capacity of the basin of South Baikal in the framework of the development of tourism of the coastal territory within Slyudyansky Municipal District of Irkutsk Oblast and within the entire southern Baikal Region. The article proposes to more strongly focus on developing sport and recreational fishing in this most developed area of Lake Baikal. The eco-economic and legal analysis carried out by the authors allows them to conclude that the traditional regulation of the stock of omul in Baikal by determining the total allowable catches and quotas is not effective enough, since it has led to the prohibition of not only industrial but also limitation of sport and recreational fishing for omul. At the same time, there is no reliable data that recreational fishing along the southern coast of Baikal is the reason for the decrease in the total stocks of omul in Baikal. On the contrary, the South Baikal fishing area can become the basis for a more dynamic development of the tourism industry in the region, including such types of it as cognitive tourism, ecological tourism and sports and recreational one. Moreover, it is the South Baikal fishing area and the coastal territory of Slyudyansky Municipal District that can become a testing site for developing more optimal (considering the specifics of various areas of Lake Baikal) ecological approaches to the regulation, rational use and reproduction of the stock of omul in Baikal for the purposes of sport and recreational fishing at Lake Baikal, as well as development of an environmentally friendly tourism industry in the region. The authors propose to review the strategy of fishery development of the stocks of omul at Lake Baikal and remove restrictions on recreational fishing, accompanying this with organizational and legal measures that allow obtaining reliable statistical data on catches. Precisely in this most economically developed area of Lake Baikal it is advisable to practice the organizational and legal mechanisms for the environmentally friendly development of tourist and recreational activities based on the available water bioresources of the unique lake.

Expended range of Gomphonema firmum (Bacillariophyceae), once considered a Lake Baikal endemic, with notes on the identity of G. lanceolatum var. maximum

Phytotaxa ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 530 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
VASILY S. VISHNYAKOV
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
New Record ◽  
High Abundance ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Size Diminution ◽  
Lake Teletskoe

This note describes a new record of Gomphonema firmum Skvortzow, which expanded both morphological and distributional ranges of the species. This conspicuous diatom was previously unknown outside of Lake Baikal, where it inhabits deep-water areas. The newly discovered locality belongs to a small stream at a distance of 180 km west from Lake Baikal, where the species was found in a relatively high abundance that enabled to trace a size diminution series including specimens shorter than previously described. In addition, G. lanceolatum var. maximum Poretzky, a name for a diatom from Lake Teletskoe, was included in a synonymy of G. firmum that further expanded the species distribution. In the light of the presented data, the species appears to be a rare diatom with current distribution limited to a few scattered localities in southern Siberia.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Tankhoy field coals in South Baikal bottom sediments

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
O. M. Khlystov ◽  
A. V. Vainer-Krotov ◽  
A. V. Kitaev ◽  
T. V. Pogodaeva
Keyword(s):  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Palynological Analysis ◽  
Southern Basin ◽  
Significant Area ◽  
Lithological Composition ◽  
Bearing Part ◽  
South Baikal

The purpose of the study is to describe the first finds of coal-bearing clays and coals in the bottom sediments of the southern basin of Lake Baikal and compare them with terrestrial coal-bearing deposits of the Tankhoy field. Comparative analysis of the lithological composition and colour of bottom sediments and terrestrial sections, as well as the concentration of organic carbon and conducted palynological analysis allowed their correlation. At the lake’s depth of 900 m the authors discovered a coal-bearing strata in situ (st 56), which later was stratigraphically correlated with the terrestrial coalbearing part of the Tankhoy suite. The fragments of coal found in bottom sediments basically along the entire Tankhoy field, especially bedrock coals on the underwater slope in South Baikal up to 1300 m deep prove the distribution of the coal-bearing part of the Tankhoy suite in the sublacustrine part of the lake throughout the entire slope (from 5 to 10 km offshore) and confirm the distribution area of the Tankhoy paleolake over a significant area of the contour of modern southern basin of Lake Baikal. The finds of coal-bearing strata on these and other various sub-bottom depths, i.e. under various pressure and temperature conditions, suggest that coals themselves and coal-bearing mudstones may be a generation facility of secondary microbial methane. This should be taken into account when searching for gas hydrocarbon and gas hydrate accumulations as well as assessing methane cycles in Lake Baikal.

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