Impact of Local Drug Delivery of Minocycline on the Subgingival Microbiota during Supportive Periodontal Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of adjunct local minocycline administration on the microbiological parameters of subgingival plaque samples in the residual periodontal pockets. Ten chronic periodontitis patients under a supportive periodontal therapy regimen were recruited. After subgingival debridement, either 2% minocycline gel, Periocline™, (Test Group) or a placebo (Control Group) was administered to the selected sites once a week for three weeks. Subgingival plaque was collected at baseline, and at four weeks and eight weeks. The microbiological composition was analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. In the Test Group, α-diversity (evenness) decreased compared to the baseline (p = 0.005) and was lower compared to the control group at four weeks (p = 0.003). The microbial community composition between the two groups was significantly different at four weeks (p = 0.029). These changes were attributable to a decrease in the bacteria associated with periodontitis and an increase in the bacteria associated with periodontal health. Additionally, the improvement in bleeding on probing continued at eight weeks; however, there were little microbial effects of 2% minocycline gel observed at eight weeks. The control group demonstrated no change throughout the eight-week experimental period. Thus, local minocycline administration can change the subgingival microbial community of residual periodontal pockets.

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Clinical and Microbiological Evaluation of Local Doxycycline and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy during Supportive Periodontal Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10030277 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 277

Author(s):

Raluca Cosgarea ◽

Sigrun Eick ◽

Ionela Batori-Andronescu ◽

Søren Jepsen ◽

Nicole B. Arweiler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Local Drug Delivery ◽

Control Group ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Supportive Periodontal Therapy ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Attachment Level

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effects of subgingival instrumentation (SI) alone or combined with either local drug delivery (LDD) or photodynamic therapy (PDT) in persistent/recurrent pockets in patients enrolled in supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). A total of 105 patients enrolled in SPT were randomly treated as follows: group A (n = 35): SI +PDT and 7 days later 2nd PDT; group B (n = 35): SI+LDD; group C (n = 35): SI (control). Prior intervention, at 3 and 6 months after therapy, probing pocket depths, clinical attachment level, number of treated sites with bleeding on probing (n BOP), full mouth plaque and bleeding scores (gingival bleeding index, %BOP) were recorded. At the same time points, 8 periodontopathogens were quantitatively determined. All three treatments resulted in statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) of all clinical parameters without statistically significant intergroup differences (p > 0.05). Several bacterial species were reduced in both test groups, with statistically significantly higher reductions for LDD compared to PDT and the control group. In conclusion, the present data indicate that: (a) In periodontal patients enrolled in SPT, treatment of persistent/recurrent pockets with SI alone or combined with either PDT or LDD may lead to comparable clinical improvements and (b) the adjunctive use of LDD appears to provide better microbiological improvements for some periodontal pathogens than SI alone or combined with PDT.

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Study of the Antimicrobial Effect of an Ethanolic Extract of Propolis in Periodontal Disease

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11167463 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (16) ◽

pp. 7463

Author(s):

Maria Jesús Lisbona-González ◽

Esther Muñoz-Soto ◽

Candela Reyes-Botella ◽

Maria Victoria Olmedo-Gaya ◽

Javier Diaz-Castro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Test Group ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Control Group ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Scaling And Root Planing ◽

Root Planing ◽

Supportive Periodontal Therapy

Periodontal disease encompasses gingivitis and periodontitis and is one of the most common chronic infections in the adult population. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of Spanish propolis extract (EEP) on the effect of the clinical and microbiological parameters as an adjuvant to scaling and root planning in patients undergoing supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). Forty chronic periodontitis patients were randomly assigned into two groups for the treatment. In the control group (n = 20), the sites were treated by scaling and root planing followed by gingival irrigation with physiological saline and in the test group (n = 20), the sites were treated by scaling and root planing followed by subgingival placement of EEP. At baseline (BL), bleeding on probing positive (BOP+) sites with probing pocket (PPD) ≥ 4 mm were defined as study sites. Plaque index, PPD, BOP, clinical attachment level (CAL), and subgingival plaque were evaluated at BL and 1 month later. The results showed a significant clinical improvement (p < 0.05) in the PPD, CAL and BOP+ comparing them with BL and one month after the periodontal treatment and a significant reduction (p < 0.05) for Tannerella forsythensis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Treponema denticola in both groups. In addition, the improvement of clinical parameters was observed with subgingival use of EEP and also statistically significant differences between groups were observed (p < 0.05) such as reductions of BOP+ % and reduced counts of T. forsythensis and P. gingivalis, considered as the “key pathogens” for the periodontal diseases. Our results suggest prophylactic and therapeutic potential for EEP against periodontal diseases, improving clinical parameters, reducing gingival bleeding and decreasing bacterial counts of T. forsythensis and P. gingivalis. The subgingival use of EEP represents a promising modality as an adjuvant in periodontal therapy to avoid microbial resistance and other adverse effects.

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Adjunctive air-polishing with erythritol in nonsurgical periodontal therapy: a randomized clinical trial

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-020-01363-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Holger F. R. Jentsch ◽

Christian Flechsig ◽

Benjamin Kette ◽

Sigrun Eick

Keyword(s):

Test Group ◽

Nonparametric Tests ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Control Group ◽

Clinical Variables ◽

Air Polishing ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy ◽

Attachment Level

Abstract Background This study was aimed to investigate if the adjunctive use of erythritol air-polishing powder applied with the nozzle-system during subgingival instrumentation (SI) has an effect on the outcome of non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with moderate to severe periodontitis. Methods Fourty-two individuals with periodontitis received nonsurgical periodontal therapy by SI without (controls, n = 21) and with adjunctive air-polishing using nozzle + erythritol powder (test, n = 21). They were analyzed for the clinical variables BOP (primary outcome at six months), probing depth (PD), attachment level, four selected microorganisms and two biomarkers at baseline, before SI as well as three and six months after SI. Statistical analysis included nonparametric tests for intra- and intergroup comparisons. Results In both groups, the clinical variables PD, attachment level and BOP significantly improved three and six months after SI. The number of sites with PD ≥ 5 mm was significantly lower in the test group than in the control group after six months. At six months versus baseline, there were significant reductions of Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola counts as well as lower levels of MMP-8 in the test group. Conclusions Subgingival instrumentation with adjunctive erythritol air-polishing powder does not reduce BOP. But it may add beneficial effects like reducing the probing depth measured as number of residual periodontal pocket with PD ≥ 5 mm when compared with subgingival instrumentation only. Clinical relevance The adjunctive use of erythritol air-polishing powder applied with the nozzle-system during SI may improve the clinical outcome of SI and may reduce the need for periodontal surgery. Trial registration The study was retrospectively registered in the German register of clinical trials, DRKS00015239 on 6th August 2018, https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL.

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Clinical Efficacy of Repeated Applications of Local Drug Delivery and Adjunctive Agents in Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy: A Systematic Review

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10101178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1178

Author(s):

Oi Leng Tan ◽

Syarida Hasnur Safii ◽

Masfueh Razali

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Drug Delivery ◽

Clinical Efficacy ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Local Drug Delivery ◽

Control Group ◽

Cochrane Central Register ◽

Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy ◽

Repeated Applications

The aim of this systematic review is to compare the clinical efficacy of repeated applications of local drug delivery and adjunctive agents (LDAs) in nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) compared to subgingival mechanical debridement (SMD) alone. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, hand-searched literature and grey literature databases were searched for randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) with a minimum of 6-month follow-up. The outcomes of interest were changes in probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level as well as patient-centred outcomes. Of 1094 studies identified, 16 RCTs were included in the qualitative analysis. Across 11 different adjuncts analysed, only two studies utilizing minocycline gel/ointment and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with indocyanine green photosensitizer had statistically significant differences in primary outcomes when compared to their control groups. Only one study on aPDT methylene blue 0.005% had compared single versus multiple applications against its control group. A mean range of 0.27–3.82 mm PD reduction and −0.09–2.82 mm CAL gain were observed with repeated LDA application. Considerable clinical heterogeneity and methodological flaws in the included studies preclude any definitive conclusions regarding the clinical efficacy of repeated LDA applications. Future RCTs with a direct comparison between single and repeated applications should be conducted to confirm or refute the clinical advantages of repeated LDA application in the nonsurgical management of periodontitis.

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Microbiota community assembly in wild rice (Oryza longistaminata) in response to drought stress shows phylogenetic conservation, stochasticity, and aboveground-belowground patterns

10.21203/rs.3.rs-40339/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

xia ding ◽

Xiaojue Peng ◽

Zhichao Chen ◽

Yingjie Li ◽

Lihui Mao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Community Assembly ◽

Wild Rice ◽

Microbial Community Composition ◽

Α Diversity ◽

Oryza Longistaminata ◽

Network Properties ◽

Microbiome Assembly

Abstract Background Drought is a global environmental stress that limits crop yields. Microbial communities control many biogeochemical processes, and a predictive understanding of how crop microbial communities assemble in response to drought stress is central to addressing the challenges caused by drought. Little is known about the microbiome assembly processes in rice-ecosystems, particularly with regard to their environmental adaptation. Wild rice may serve as a source of superior drought tolerance candidate for rice breeding. There is an urgent need to explore wild rice resistance mechanisms to drought stress. Here, we evaluated the effect of drought stress on the microbial community recruitment and assembly in the endosphere (leaf, stem, and root) and rhizosphere of Oryza longistaminata. Results Species replacement was the dominant process shaping microbial community composition under drought stress. O. longistaminata recruited the phyla Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria, the genus Streptomyces, and phototrophic prokaryotes to improve its fitness. The host exerted strong effects on microbiome assembly, and the responses of the microbial community structure to the drought environment showed above- and belowground patterns. Drought reduced taxonomic α-diversity and destabilized co-occurrence network properties in the leaves and stems, but not in the roots and rhizosphere. Drought promoted the restructuring and strengthening of belowground network links to more strongly interconnect network properties. The drought response of the microbiome was phylogenetically conserved. Stochastic (neutral) processes acted on microbial community reassembly in response to drought stress across all four compartments. Conclusions Our results provide new insight into the mechanisms through which drought alters microbial community assembly in drought-tolerant wild rice and reveal a potential strategy for manipulating plant microbiomes to improve crop fitness.

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Short-term Changes After Corticosteroid Injections Into the Normal Tendons of Rabbits: A Controlled Randomized Study

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546518818819 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 721-728 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kandir Genesio Innocenti Dinhane ◽

Alexandre Leme Godoy-Santos ◽

Alexandre Todorovic Fabro ◽

Maria Regina Moretto ◽

Igor Deprá ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Injection ◽

Corticosteroid Injection ◽

Healing Process ◽

Test Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Placebo Control ◽

Short Term ◽

Calcaneal Tendon ◽

The Right ◽

Corticosteroid Injections

Background: Corticosteroid injections in or around tendons for the treatment of athletic injuries are a common practice among orthopaedic surgeons and are apparently efficacious in the short term, although controversies persist related to local complications. Purpose: This study evaluated short-term (48 hours) biomechanical, biochemical, and histological alterations after a single injection of betamethasone into the normal tendons of rabbits. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 72 New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups: the test group—in which 36 animals underwent 1 intratendinous injection of betamethasone (1.4 mg / 0.2 mL) in the right calcaneal tendon; the control group—in which the right calcaneal tendon of 36 animals was injected with saline (placebo control group) and the left calcaneal tendon was left untreated for normal standards (normal control). Forty-eight hours later, animals were euthanized and tendons were harvested. Metalloproteinase (MMP1 and MMP2) and interleukin (IL1 and IL6) expression levels, biomechanical resistance (load × elongation parameters), and histomorphometry (hematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius red stains for collagen fibers, tenocytes, and inflammatory cells) were analyzed in the tendons. Results: The test group had a significant reduction in MMP2 expression as compared with the control groups ( P = .027). Regarding the other parameters, there were no additional significant differences between the groups. Conclusion: A single injection of corticosteroid into normal calcaneal tendons did not trigger acute local morphological, structural, or biomechanical injuries at 48 hours, but it did promote a significant decrease in MMP2 levels. Additional studies are needed with increased duration of follow-up, various doses, and multiple injections and in tendinopathic models. Clinical Relevance: Some previous studies demonstrated early structural changes in tendons after a single corticosteroid injection, which was not corroborated by the present study. Metalloproteinase decrease is usually associated with a reduction in collagen degradation, which would be protective for the healing process. More studies are necessary to confirm the possible beneficial effect of these results in the long term and for tendinopathies.

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C – reactive protein in saliva of non-smoking patients with periodontitis (a pilot study)

Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.17532/jhsci.2021.1327 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zerina Hadžić ◽

Ivan Puhar

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Test Group ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Control Group ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Inflammatory Biomarker ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Before And After ◽

Oral Hygiene Instructions ◽

And Control

Introduction: C-reactive Protein (CRP) as an inflammatory biomarker can be easily determined in saliva, but the values of salivary CRP in periodontitis are not well-studied. The aim of this study was to analyze and determine the values of salivary CRP in non-smokers with periodontitis stage 3 or 4 before and after supragingival and subgingival full-mouth periodontal therapy.Methods: Standard periodontal parameters and saliva samples were collected in 12 non-smoking patients. Patients in the test group (n = 6) underwent supragingival and subgingival full-mouth periodontal therapy, and the control group (n = 6) received only supragingival full-mouth therapy. Both groups received the same oral hygiene instructions in addition to therapy. After 3 months, re-registration of periodontal parameters and re-sampling of saliva for analysis of salivary CRP were done for both groups.Results: Statistical analysis revealed large differences in the values of clinical periodontal parameters and CRP levels in the test group after therapy. Values of salivary CRP in the test and control groups were lower 3 months the therapy; however, the results were not statistically significant. The correlation of clinical periodontal parameters and salivary CRP varied in both groups.Conclusion: Our pilot study reveals decreased concentrations of salivary C-reactive protein in non-smoking patients following non-surgical periodontal therapy. Further studies are needed to prove the reliability of salivary CRP as a biomarker for periodontitis.

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Formulation, Optimization and Pharmacodynamic Studies of Pioglitazone HCl Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i46a32873 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 329-341

Author(s):

Y. Indira Muzib ◽

E. Ramya ◽

Y. R. Ambedkar

Keyword(s):

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽

Reference Group ◽

Test Group ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Lipid Nanoparticles ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Placebo Control ◽

Solid Lipid ◽

Group I

Pioglitazone HCl is an oral anti-diabetic agent used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type II. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the pharmacodynamic activity of solid lipid nanoparticles of pioglitazone HCL prepared by using solvent injection technique and to compare with the control and test group. Among all the formulations, F5 was found to possess highest in-vitro drug release within 24 hrs i.e., 95.02±1.26%. The in vivo studies were performed using male albino rats of wistar strain (150-200g). Rats were divided in to five groups (n=6), group-I normal, group-II diabetes control, group-III placebo control, group-IV reference, group-V test group. Diabetes was induced by streptazocin (60 mg/kg) by intraperitonial route. The reference group was treated with marketed tablet of pioglitazone HCL, test groups were treated with SLNs suspended in 0.1% Tween 80 and given to animals through oral gavages. Blood samples were collected by retro-orbital puncture before treatment, and after treatment at time intervals 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24h in anti-coagulated vials. Parameters like glucose, tri glycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and HDL-C were estimated by calorimetric method. Diabetes induced rats showed elevated levels of glucose, TG, TC and reduced HDL. The oral administration of drug loaded SLNs in 0.1% Tween 80 solution showed reduced levels of glucose, TG and elevated levels of HDL-C and slightly reduced levels of TG in 24 h where as the marketed tablet showed reduced levels of glucose, TG and TC up-to 12 h and in 24thh the glucose levels get elevated. Thus the optimized SLNs showed prolonged activity.

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TL 18099 - Short-term changes after corticosteroid injections into the normal tendons of rabbits

Scientific Journal of the Foot & Ankle ◽

10.30795/scijfootankle.2019.v13.1061 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (Supl 1) ◽

pp. 82S

Author(s):

Alexandre Leme Godoy-Santos ◽

Kandir Genesio Innocenti Dinhane ◽

Alexandre Todorovic Fabro ◽

Maria Regina Moretto ◽

Igor Depra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Injection ◽

Test Group ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Control Group ◽

Placebo Control ◽

Short Term ◽

Calcaneal Tendon ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽

The Right ◽

Corticosteroid Injections

Introduction: Corticosteroid injections in or around tendons for the treatment of athletic injuries are a common practice among orthopedic surgeons and are apparently efficacious in the short term, although controversies persist related to local complications. Objective: This study evaluated short-term (48 hours) biomechanical, biochemical, and histological alterations after a single injection of betamethasone into the normal tendons of rabbits. Methods: A total of 72 New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups: the test group - in which 36 animals underwent 1 intratendinous injection of betamethasone (1.4 mg / 0.2 mL) in the right calcaneal tendon; the control group - in which the right calcaneal tendon of 36 animals was injected with saline (placebo control group) and the left calcaneal tendon was left untreated for normal standards (normal control). Forty-eight hours later, the animals were euthanized and the tendons harvested. Metalloproteinase (MMP1 and MMP2) and interleukin (IL1 and IL6) expression levels, biomechanical resistance (load 3 elongation parameters), and histomorphometry (hematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius red stains for collagen fibers, tenocytes, and inflammatory cells) were analyzed in the tendons. Results: The test group showed a significant reduction in MMP2 expression compared with the control groups (P = .027). Regarding the other parameters, there were no additional significant differences between the groups. Conclusion: A single injection of corticosteroid into normal calcaneal tendons did not trigger acute local morphological, structural, or biomechanical injuries at 48 hours, but it did promote a significant decrease in MMP2 levels. Additional studies are needed with increased follow-up durations, various doses, and multiple injections and in tendinopathic models.

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Clinical evaluation of ultrasonic subgingival debridement and ultrasonic subgingival scaling combined with manual root planning in patients with periodontitis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

10.21203/rs.2.11786/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Yue Yan ◽

Yalin Zhan ◽

Xian'e Wang ◽

Jianxia Hou

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Test Group ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

University Hospital ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Planing ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Subgingival Scaling ◽

Root Planning

Abstract Background: Periodontal diseases are regarded as the most common diseases of mankind. The prevalence rate of periodontal disease assumes the obvious growth tendency in the whole world, increased by 57.3% from 1990 to 2010. Thereby, effective periodontal therapy is still a long-term task and tricky problem. The goals of periodontal therapy are to eliminate the infectious and inflammatory processes. Root planning, in order to eliminate the “infected cementum”, is an important step in treatment of periodontitis since 1970s. Along with the understanding of endotoxin’s feature on root surface, the necessity of manual root planing has been gradually queried. Ultrasonic instruments wouldn’t remove the cementum excessively, which are more time-saving and labor-saving compared to hand instruments as well. Hence, an increasing number of dentists prefer to scaling with ultrasonic instruments only. However, the necessity of root planing has still been emphasized in the international mainstream views of periodontal mechanical treatment. Therefore, this study is devoted to compare the clinical effect of ultrasonic subgingival debridement and ultrasonic subgingival scaling combined with manual root planing, which taking the implementation of root planing as the only variable and more in line with the clinical situation, hoping to provide some reference to dentists. Methods/design: Forty adult patients who fit the inclusion criteria are being recruited from the Peking University Hospital of Stomatology (Beijing, China). By means of randomization tables, one quadrant of the upper and lower teeth is the test group and the other is the control group. Test group: ultrasonic subgingival scaling combined with manual root planing. Control group: ultrasonic subgingival debridement. In a 24-weeks follow-up period, plaque index, probing depth, clinical attachment loss, bleeding index, furcation involvement, mobility, and patient-reported outcome (visual analog scale for pain and sensitivity) will be observed and documented. Discussion: This study evaluates the effectiveness of ultrasonic subgingival scaling combined with manual root planing and ultrasonic subgingival debridement alone in nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis with a split-mouth design after 1, 3 and 6 months. The result of the trial will potentially contribute to an advanced treatment strategy of periodontitis with ideal clinical outcome. Trial registration: The study has been registered in International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) under the identifier number ChiCTR1800017122. Registered on 12 July 2018. Keywords: Peridontitis, Non-surgical periodontal therapy, Ultrasonic subgingival debridement, Root planing

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