scholarly journals Source Country Economic Development and Dynamics of the Skill Composition of Emigration

Economies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Roxana Idu
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Group Extension ◽  
Technological Diffusion ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Migration Data ◽  
Skill Composition ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model ◽  
Relative Return ◽  
High Skill

This paper presents an endogenous growth model of migration and technological diffusion with transitional dynamics, which provide explanations for the empirical pattern of the mobility transition. A two-skill group extension of this model offers new hypotheses regarding the skill composition of emigration during the mobility transition. Skill-biased technological change (SBTC), which first occurs in the destination, raises the relative return to high skill migration and thus the high-to-low skill emigration ratio. As SBTC eventually diffuses to the source economy, it also raises the relative return to high skill investment there, and causes a decline in the high-to-low skill emigration ratio. Empirical evidence using bilateral migration data from 31 destinations and 195 origins is shown to support this hypothesis, with the average income of origins, at which the peak high-to-low skill emigration ratio is reached, is estimated at $2000 in 2011 US dollars PPP (adjusted for purchasing power parity). Furthermore, research and development intensity as a measure of SBTC in destinations is shown to be empirically, positively linked to the bilateral high-to-low skill emigration ratio.

Learning from the Past: A Fifty-year Perspective on Pakistan’s Development (Distinguishedl Lecture)

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4I) ◽  
pp. 355-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvez Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Average Income ◽  
The Past ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Economic Ground ◽  
Per Capita

In some ways, Pakistan’s economic growth since 1947 has been remarkable. The country’s economic viability was considered, in some quarters,1 in serious doubt at its emergence, but it has managed, despite a quadrupling of the population, to bring about significant improvement in the average living standards. Per capita GNP growth, on average around 2 percent per annum over a long stretch of nearly fifty years, has been the best among countries of the subcontinent. This growth has meant an increase in average income of about 150 percent over 1950–96. But Pakistan, like many other developing countries, has not been able to narrow the gap between itself and rich industrial nations which have grown faster on a per head basis. Also, Pakistan has lost substantial economic ground to the rapidly growing economies of East Asia notably China, South Korea, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. In 1960, South Korea’s per capita income was only marginally ahead of Pakistan’s. In the short period of one generation, Korea had an income level which on purchasing power parity basis five times that of Pakistan in 1995. On the same basis, Thailand and Malaysia enjoyed a per capita income advantage of 200 to 300 percent over Pakistan (Table 2).

Purchasing-Power Parity Theory and Economic Reform in Yugoslavia

1974 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 809-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Amacher ◽  
John S. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Power Parity

scholarly journals Economic Burden of Colorectal Cancer: A Case of Fars, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 107327482110099
Author(s):  
Abdosaleh Jafari ◽  
Peyman Mehdi Alamdarloo ◽  
Mehdi Dehghani ◽  
Peivand Bastani ◽  
Ramin Ravangard
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
The Mean

Among cancers, colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world and the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Some studies have shown that the incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing in Iran and in Fars province. The present study aimed to determine the economic burden of colorectal cancer in patients referred to the referral centers affiliated to Iran, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2019 from the patients’ perspective. This is a partial economic evaluation and a cost-of-illness study conducted cross-sectionally in 2019. All the patients with colorectal cancer who had been referred to the referral centers affiliated to Iran, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, and had medical records were studied through the census method (N = 96). A researcher-made data collection form was used to collect the cost data. The prevalence-based and bottom-up approaches were also used in this study. The human capital approach was applied to calculate indirect costs. The mean annual cost per patient with colorectal cancer in the present study was $10930.98 purchasing power parity (PPP) (equivalent to 5745.29 USD), the main part of which was the medical direct costs (74.86%). Also, among the medical direct costs per patient, the highest were those of surgeries (41.7%). In addition, the mean annual cost per patient with colorectal cancer in the country was $ 116917762 PPP (equivalent to 61451621.84 USD) in 2019. Regarding the considerable economic burden of colorectal cancer and in order to reduce the costs, these suggestions can be made: increasing the number of specialized beds through the cooperation of health donors, establishing free or low-cost accommodation centers for patients and their companions near the medical centers, using the Internet and cyberspace technologies to follow up the treatment of patients, and increasing insurance coverage and government drug subsidies on drug purchase.

Purchasing Power Parity under the Gold Standard

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie D. Hegwood ◽  
David H. Papell
Keyword(s):  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Power Parity
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