scholarly journals Experimental Application of Bluetooth Low Energy Connectionless in Smart Cities

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 2735
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos García-Ortiz ◽  
Javier Silvestre-Blanes ◽  
Víctor Sempere-Payá
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Wireless Interference ◽  
Experimental Application ◽  
Heterogeneous Nature ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Application Requirements

Communication networks are a key element in the development of Smart Cities. This field is a constantly evolving environment, for which new protocols are constantly appearing. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the technologies, the most appropriate candidate must be selected in order to get the best performance to satisfy the application requirements. One of these protocols is Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), particularly with the upgrades introduced in version 5.x. Its new features are focused on providing increased range, improving robustness, and expanding beaconing capabilities. Connectionless applications such as information broadcasting in Smart Cities could take advantage of this protocol. Furthermore, the wide availability on common devices (mobile phones, car infotainment, etc.), the deployment of these applications can be carried out easily and at low cost. This paper presents an experimental evaluation of the new robust, long-range radio mode of BLE over a set of Smart Cities scenarios, taking into account different conditions such as wireless interference, distances, dynamicity, etc. The results show a promising performance of the protocol even with these constraints.

scholarly journals Indoor Bluetooth Low Energy Dataset for Localization, Tracking, Occupancy, and Social Interaction

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Baronti ◽  
Paolo Barsocchi ◽  
Stefano Chessa ◽  
Fabio Mavilia ◽  
Filippo Palumbo
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Indoor Localization ◽  
Meaningful Use ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
Open Datasets

Indoor localization has become a mature research area, but further scientific developments are limited due to the lack of open datasets and corresponding frameworks suitable to compare and evaluate specialized localization solutions. Although several competitions provide datasets and environments for comparing different solutions, they hardly consider novel technologies such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), which is gaining more and more importance in indoor localization due to its wide availability in personal and environmental devices and to its low costs and flexibility. This paper contributes to cover this gap by: (i) presenting a new indoor BLE dataset; (ii) reviewing several, meaningful use cases in different application scenarios; and (iii) discussing alternative uses of the dataset in the evaluation of different positioning and navigation applications, namely localization, tracking, occupancy and social interaction.

scholarly journals A Low Cost Indoor Positioning System Using Bluetooth Low Energy

IEEE Access ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 136858-136871
Author(s):  
Lu Bai ◽  
Fabio Ciravegna ◽  
Raymond Bond ◽  
Maurice Mulvenna
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Indoor Positioning System

A novel Bluetooth low energy based system for spatial exploration in smart cities

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Boukhechba ◽  
Abdenour Bouzouane ◽  
Sébastien Gaboury ◽  
Charles Gouin-Vallerand ◽  
Sylvain Giroux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Spatial Exploration

scholarly journals Low-Cost Bluetooth Low Energy Positioning and Timing System for Sports Events

Proceedings ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 790
Author(s):  
Ángela Hernández ◽  
David Perez-Diaz De Cerio ◽  
Jose Luis Valenzuela ◽  
Antonio Valdovinos
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Timing System

Low cost cloud based intelligent farm automation system using Bluetooth Low Energy

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautham Rajagopal ◽  
Vaaibhav M Lodd ◽  
Anand Vignesh ◽  
Ramesh Rajesh ◽  
Vineeth Vijayaraghavan
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy

scholarly journals A INDOOR POSITION ROUTING (IPR) AND DATA MONITOR USING BLUETOOTH LOW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY (iBEACON-BLE): AN IMPLEMENTATION STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-61
Author(s):  
Batur Alp Akgül ◽  
Bülent HAZNEDAR ◽  
Abdurrahman YAŞAR ◽  
Mustafa Ersan ÇİNKILIÇ
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Mobile Industry

Rapid advancements in mobile industry have emerged new technological ideas and applications for researchers by allowing smart devices over the last decade. In recent years, the need for Indoor Position Routing (IPR) and Location-Based Advertisements (LBA) systems are increasingly common, IPR and LBA systems have been becoming very popular. Nowadays, it has become possible to create software and hardware applications for IPR and LBA in indoor environments, thanks to developments of different technologies. The development of the system should be based on low-cost technology, it should be suitable for integration and indoors operation. New options and possibilities for indoor locations are presented by the iBeacon-Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) radio protocol. iBeacon-BLE supports portable battery-powered system that can be smoothly distributed at low cost giving it distinct advantages over Wi-Fi. Therefore, in this study, a technological infrastructure is created to solve the navigation problem in closed locations using iBeacon-BLE technology, a data monitoring information system is proposed for smart devices of currently available technology for IPR, LBA with using iBeacon-BLE. The localization of the objects based on iBeacon-BLE and their combination are determined using the measured data with the developed application. To build an IPR system for indoor environments, the available hardware, software, and network technologies are presented. The concept of the indoor monitoring system and the technologies can be used to develop the IPR system are presented. This system is made up of iBeacon-BLE sensor nodes, a smart device and a mobile application that provides IPR and LBA services by measuring the distance between Transmitter (TX) and Receiver (RX). The proposed model uses the trilateration method, it allows the mobile application to determine the exact location of the object at the micro-level size. The proposed model uses sensory data to identify and trilateration the object’s position.

scholarly journals ProxLogs: Miniaturised proximity loggers for monitoring association behaviour in small mammals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucinda Kirkpatrick ◽  
Ivan Hererra Olivares ◽  
Apia Massawe ◽  
Christopher Sabuni ◽  
Herwig Leirs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
List Type ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy

AbstractThe ability to monitor associations between wild animals is essential for understanding the processes governing gene transfer, information transfer, competition, predation and disease transmission.Until recently, such insights have been confined to large, visible or captive animals. However, the rapid development of miniature sensors for consumer electronics is allowing ecologists to monitor the natural world in ways previously considered impossible.Here we describe miniature (<1g) proximity loggers we have developed that use Bluetooth Low Energy transmission to register contacts between individuals. Our loggers are open source, low cost, rechargeable, able to store up to 2000 contacts, can be programmed in situ and can download data remotely or through a mobile phone application, increasing their utility in remote areas or with species which are challenging to recapture.We successfully trialled our loggers in a range of field realistic conditions, demonstrating that Bluetooth Low Energy is capable of logging associations in structurally complex habitats, and that changes in received signal strength can be equated to short range changes in distance between loggers. Furthermore, we tested the system on starlings (Sturnidae vulgaris).The ability to include other sensors is retained in our prototypes, allowing for the potential integration of physiological and behavioural inference into social networks derived from our approach. Due to its open source nature, small size, flexibility of use and the active research currently being undertaken with Bluetooth Low Energy, we believe that our approach is a valuable addition to the biologging toolkit.

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