scholarly journals On the Energy Efficiency of Millimeter Wave Massive MIMO Based on Hybrid Architecture

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peerapong Uthansakul ◽  
Arfat Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Hybrid Architecture ◽  
Radiated Energy ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output

Millimeter Wave (mmWave) Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) has been a promising candidate for the current and next generation of cellular networks. The hybrid analogue/digital precoding will be a crucial ingredient in the mmWave cellular systems to reduce the number of Radio Frequency (RF) chains along with the corresponding energy and power consumption of the systems. In this paper, we aim to improve the energy efficiency of mmWave Massive MIMO by using a combination of high dimension analogue precoder and low dimension digital precoder. The spectral efficiency and the corresponding transmitted and consumed power of the mmWave Massive MIMO is formulated by taking all the consumed power from the transmitting side to receiving end into account. We propose the Power Controlled Energy Maximization (PCEM) algorithm in this paper, and the proposed algorithm works by controlling the transmission power to balance the improved radiated energy efficiency and the increased power consumption for a given number of transceiver chains. The simulation and analytical results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the reference algorithms by maximizing the overall energy efficiency of the system without much complexity.

scholarly journals Editorial: Special Issue “Massive MIMO and mm-Wave Communications”

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Gianmarco Romano
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Editorial Special Issue ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Input Multiple Output

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) communication systems and the use of millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) bands represent key technologies that are expected to meet the growing demand of data traffic and the explosion of the number of devices that need to communicate over 5G/6G wireless networks [...]

scholarly journals An Efficient Precoding Scheme for Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemaishat ◽  
Saraereh ◽  
Khan ◽  
Affes ◽  
Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Beam Control ◽  
Low Computational Complexity ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output

Aiming at the problem of high computational complexity due to a large number of antennas deployed in mmWave massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems, this paper proposes an efficient algorithm for optimizing beam control vectors with low computational complexity based on codebooks for millimeter-wave massive MIMO systems with split sub-arrays hybrid beamforming architecture. A bidirectional method is adopted on the beam control vector of each antenna sub-array both at the transmitter and receiver, which utilizes the idea of interference alignment (IA) and alternating optimization. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has low computational complexity, fast convergence, and improved spectral efficiency as compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms.

scholarly journals Massive MIMO Techniques for 5G and Beyond—Opportunities and Challenges

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 1667
Author(s):  
David Borges ◽  
Paulo Montezuma ◽  
Rui Dinis ◽  
Marko Beko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Spatial Multiplexing ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Mimo Transmission ◽  
Diversity Gains

Telecommunications have grown to be a pillar to a functional society and the urge for reliable and high throughput systems has become the main objective of researchers and engineers. State-of-the-art work considers massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (massive MIMO) as the key technology for 5G and beyond. Large spatial multiplexing and diversity gains are some of the major benefits together with an improved energy efficiency. Current works mostly assume the application of well-established techniques in a massive MIMO scenario, although there are still open challenges regarding hardware and computational complexities and energy efficiency. Fully digital, analog, and hybrid structures are analyzed and a multi-layer massive MIMO transmission technique is detailed. The purpose of this article is to describe the most acknowledged transmission techniques for massive MIMO systems and to analyze some of the most promising ones and identify existing problems and limitations.

A companding approach for PAPR suppression in OFDM based massive MIMO system

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar Yadav ◽  
Pritam Keshari Sahoo ◽  
Yogendra Kumar Prajapati
Keyword(s):  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Mimo System ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Convex Optimization Problem ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Mimo Ofdm

Abstract Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based massive multiuser (MU) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system is popularly known as high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) issue. The OFDM-based massive MIMO system exhibits large number of antennas at Base Station (BS) due to the use of large number of high-power amplifiers (HPA). High PAPR causes HPAs to work in a nonlinear region, and hardware cost of nonlinear HPAs are very high and also power inefficient. Hence, to tackle this problem, this manuscript suggests a novel scheme based on the joint MU precoding and PAPR minimization (PP) expressed as a convex optimization problem solved by steepest gradient descent (GD) with μ-law companding approach. Therefore, we develop a new scheme mentioned to as MU-PP-GDs with μ-law companding to minimize PAPR by compressing and enlarging of massive MIMO OFDM signals simultaneously. At CCDF = 10−3, the proposed scheme (MU-PP-GDs with μ-law companding for Iterations = 100) minimizes the PAPR to 3.70 dB which is better than that of MU-PP-GDs, (iteration = 100) as shown in simulation results.

scholarly journals Genetic Algorithm-Based Beam Refinement for Initial Access in Millimeter Wave Mobile Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Guo ◽  
Behrooz Makki ◽  
Tommy Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Hardware Impairments ◽  
Mimo Networks ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
High Carrier

Initial access (IA) is identified as a key challenge for the upcoming 5G mobile communication system operating at high carrier frequencies, and several techniques are currently being proposed. In this paper, we extend our previously proposed efficient genetic algorithm- (GA-) based beam refinement scheme to include beamforming at both the transmitter and the receiver and compare the performance with alternative approaches in the millimeter wave multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) networks. Taking the millimeter wave communications characteristics and various metrics into account, we investigate the effect of different parameters such as the number of transmit antennas/users/per-user receive antennas, beamforming resolutions, and hardware impairments on the system performance employing different beam refinement algorithms. As shown, our proposed GA-based approach performs well in delay-constrained networks with multiantenna users. Compared to the considered state-of-the-art schemes, our method reaches the highest service outage-constrained end-to-end throughput with considerably less implementation complexity. Moreover, taking the users’ mobility into account, our GA-based approach can remarkably reduce the beam refinement delay at low/moderate speeds when the spatial correlation is taken into account. Finally, we compare the cases of collaborative users and noncollaborative users and evaluate their difference in system performance.

PROBLEM STATEMENT OF JOINT ANTENNA SELECTION AND PRECODING IN MASSIVE MIMO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.Б. КРЕЙНДЕЛИН ◽  
М.В. ГОЛУБЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Antenna Selection ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
Multiple Transmission

Совместный с прекодингом автовыбор антенн на приемной и передающей стороне - одно из перспективных направлений исследований для реализации технологий Multiple Transmission and Reception Points (Multi-TRP, множество точек передачи и приема) в системах со многими передающими и приемными антеннами Massive MIMO (Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output), которые активно развиваются в стандарте 5G. Проанализированы законодательные ограничения, влияющие на применимость технологий Massive MIMO, и специфика реализации разрабатываемого алгоритма в миллиметровомдиапа -зоне длин волн. Рассмотрены алгоритмы формирования матриц автовыбора антенн как на передающей, так и на приемной стороне. Сформулирована строгая математическая постановка задачи для двух критериев работы алгоритма: максимизация взаимной информации и минимизация среднеквадратичной ошибки. Joint precoding and antenna selection both on transmitter and receiver sides is one of the promising research areas for evolving toward the Multiple Transmission and Reception Points (Multi-TRP) concept in Massive MIMO systems. This technology is under active development in the coming 5G 3GPP releases. We analyze legal restrictions for the implementation of 5G Massive MIMO technologies in Russia and the specifics of the implementation of the developed algorithm in the millimeter wavelength range. Algorithms of antenna auto-selection matrices formation on both transmitting and receiving sides are considered. Two criteria are used for joint antenna selection and precoding: maximizing mutual information and minimizing mean square error.

Novel Convolutional Restricted Boltzmann Machine manifold learning inspired dynamic user clustering hybrid precoding for millimeter-wave massive multiple-input multiple-output systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 155014772110553
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Zhou ◽  
Haichao Liu ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Yang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Manifold Learning ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Restricted Boltzmann Machine ◽  
Boltzmann Machine ◽  
Hybrid Precoding ◽  
User Clustering ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Low Dimensional

Millimeter-wave massive multiple-input multiple-output is a key technology in 5G communication system. In particular, the hybrid precoding method has the advantages of being power efficient and less expensive than the full-digital precoding method, so it has attracted more and more attention. The effectiveness of this method in simple systems has been well verified, but its performance is still unknown due to many problems in real communication such as interference from other users and base stations, and users are constantly on the move. In this article, we propose a dynamic user clustering hybrid precoding method in the high-dimensional millimeter-wave multiple-input multiple-output system, which uses low-dimensional manifolds to avoid complicated calculations when there are many antennas. We model each user set as a novel Convolutional Restricted Boltzmann Machine manifold, and the problem is transformed into cluster-oriented multi-manifold learning. The novel Convolutional Restricted Boltzmann Machine manifold learning seeks to learn embedded low-dimensional manifolds through manifold learning in the face of user mobility in clusters. Through proper user clustering, the hybrid precoding is investigated for the sum-rate maximization problem by manifold quasi-conjugate gradient methods. This algorithm avoids the traditional method of processing high-dimensional channel parameters, achieves a high signal-to-noise ratio, and reduces computational complexity. The simulation result table shows that this method can get almost the best summation rate and higher spectral efficiency compared with the traditional method.

Performance enhancement using multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) electronic relay in massive MIMO cellular networks

IET Networks ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rna Ghallab ◽  
Mona Shokair ◽  
Atef Abou El‐Azm ◽  
Ali Sakr ◽  
Waleed Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Massive Mimo ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Electronic Relay ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output
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