scholarly journals Combustion Studies of a Non-Road Diesel Engine with Several Alternative Liquid Fuels

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Hissa ◽  
Seppo Niemi ◽  
Katriina Sirviö ◽  
Antti Niemi ◽  
Teemu Ovaska
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Combustion Duration ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Rapeseed Methyl Ester

Sustainable liquid fuels will be needed for decades to fulfil the world’s growing energy demands. Combustion systems must be able to operate with a variety of renewable and sustainable fuels. This study focused on how the use of various alternative fuels affects combustion, especially in-cylinder combustion. The study investigated light fuel oil (LFO) and six alternative liquid fuels in a high-speed, compression-ignition (CI) engine to understand their combustion properties. The fuels were LFO (baseline), marine gas oil (MGO), kerosene, rapeseed methyl ester (RME), renewable diesel (HVO), renewable wood-based naphtha and its blend with LFO. The heat release rate (HRR), mass fraction burned (MFB) and combustion duration (CD) were determined at an intermediate speed at three loads. The combustion parameters seemed to be very similar with all studied fuels. The HRR curve was slightly delayed with RME at the highest load. The combustion duration of neat naphtha decreased compared to LFO as the engine load was reduced. The MFB values of 50% and 90% occurred earlier with neat renewable naphtha than with other fuels. It was concluded that with the exception of renewable naphtha, all investigated alternative fuels can be used in the non-road engine without modifications.

scholarly journals Investigation of Combustion Properties and Soot Deposits of Various US Crude Oils

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurjap Singh ◽  
Mehdi Esmaeilpour ◽  
Albert Ratner
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Oil Boom ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The North ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Keystone Xl

The oil boom in the North Dakota oilfields has resulted in improved energy security for the US. Recent estimates of oil production rates indicate that even completion of the Keystone XL pipeline will only fractionally reduce the need to ship this oil by rail. Current levels of oil shipment have already caused significant strain on rail infrastructure and led to crude oil train derailments, resulting in loss of life and property. Treating crude oil as a multicomponent liquid fuel, this work aims to understand crude oil droplet burning and thereby lead to methods to improve train fire safety. Sub-millimeter sized droplets of Pennsylvania, Texas, Colorado, and Bakken crude were burned, and the process was recorded with charge-couple device (CCD) and complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) high-speed cameras. The resulting images were post-processed to obtain various combustion parameters, such as burning rate, ignition delay, total combustion time, and microexplosion behavior. The soot left behind was analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). This data is expected be used for validation of combustion models for complex multicomponent liquid fuels, and subsequently in the modification of combustion properties of crude oil using various additives to make it safer to transport.

Fuel Influence on Targeted Gas Turbine Combustion Properties: Part II — Detailed Results

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Burger ◽  
Andy Yates ◽  
Thomas Mosbach ◽  
Barani Gunasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Synthetic Jet ◽  
Main Reaction ◽  
Fuel Temperature ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustion ◽  
Inlet Conditions ◽  
Formed Part

The paper presents the results from a study that formed part of a bilateral project between DLR-VT and Sasol Technology Fuels Research aimed at investigating the potential influence of physical and chemical fuel properties on ignition and extinction limits within heterogeneous gas turbine combustion. The threshold of flame extinction and re-ignition behaviour of a range of alternative fuels was investigated in a representative aero-combustor sector to determine the relative influence of physical properties and chemical reaction timescales. A matrix of eight test fuels was selected for use during the study and included conventional crude-derived Jet A-1, synthetic paraffinic kerosene, linear paraffinic solvents, aromatic solvents and pure compounds. All test fuels were characterised through full specification analyses, distillation profiles and two-dimensional gas chromatography. The ignition and extinction behaviour of the test fuel matrix was evaluated under simulated altitude conditions at the Rolls-Royce Strategic Research Centre’s sub-atmospheric altitude ignition facility in Derby, UK. A twin sector segment of a Rich Quench Lean (RQL) combustor was employed with fuel supplied to a single burner. Combustor air inlet conditions were controlled to 41.4 kPa and 265 K. Fuel temperature was controlled to 288 K. In addition to the standard extinction and ignition detection systems, optical diagnostics were applied during the test programme. Simultaneous high-speed imaging of the OH* chemiluminescence, and broadband flame luminosity was employed to capture the main reaction zones, the global heat release and distribution of radiative soot particles respectively. Lean extinction points were determined using both a photodiode as well as from the OH* chemiluminescence data. The position of extinction and overall combustor ignition and extinction timescales were determined. The diagnostic methodology that was used to obtain the results reported in this paper is discussed in greater detail in a separate complementary paper. All eight fuels, including the fully synthetic Jet A-1 fuels that formed part of the test matrix, yielded performance that was comparable to that obtained with conventional crude-derived Jet A-1.

scholarly journals Effect of Alternative Liquid Fuels on the Exhaust Particle Size Distributions of a Medium-Speed Diesel Engine

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teemu Ovaska ◽  
Seppo Niemi ◽  
Katriina Sirviö ◽  
Sonja Heikkilä ◽  
Kaj Portin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
Size Category ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Total Particle

We mainly aimed to determine how alternative liquid fuels affect the exhaust particle size distributions (PSD) emitted by a medium-speed diesel engine. The selected alternative fuels included: circulation-origin marine gas oil (MGO), the 26/74 vol. % blend of renewable naphtha and baseline low-sulfur marine light fuel oil (LFO), and kerosene. PSDs were measured by means of an engine exhaust particle sizer from the raw exhaust of a four-cylinder, turbocharged, intercooled engine. During the measurements, the engine was loaded by an alternator, the maximum power output being set at 600 kW(e) at a speed of 1000 rpm. The partial loads of 450, 300, 150 and 60 kW(e) were also used for measurements. At each load, the PSDs had a distinct peak between 20 and 100 nm regardless of fuel. Relative to the other fuels, circulation-origin MGO emitted the lowest particle numbers at several loads despite having the highest viscosity and highest density. Compared to baseline LFO and kerosene, MGO and the blend of renewable naphtha and LFO were more beneficial in terms of total particle number (TPN). Irrespective of the load or fuel, the TPN consisted mainly of particles detected above the 23 nm size category.

scholarly journals Comparison of Research Data of Diesel–Biodiesel–Isopropanol and Diesel–Rapeseed Oil–Isopropanol Fuel Blends Mixed at Different Proportions on a CI Engine

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10059
Author(s):  
Sai Manoj Rayapureddy ◽  
Jonas Matijošius ◽  
Alfredas Rimkus
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Rapeseed Methyl Ester ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

Depletion in the levels of fossil fuels and increasing environmental concerns associated with the rise in consumption of conventional fuels are among the top global concerns. Finding an alternative sustainable fuel that matches the performance characteristics of diesel/petrol fuels as well as decreases the exhaust emissions has been a challenging task. After deliberate research, it is found that every alternative fuel is associated with different problems when they are used independently, thereby limiting its benefits. Scientists suggest that using different fuel blends might lead to sustainability. This article is the analysis of data obtained from the experimentation based on two different alternative fuels, Rapeseed Methyl Ester (RME)-based biodiesel and Rapeseed Oil (RO), blended with diesel (D) and Isopropanol (P) into three different proportions each. Tests were carried out in a compression ignition (CI) engine, and comparisons are based on the resulted performance and exhaust emission characteristics. The two different alternative fuels are blended into the following proportions to make six fuel mixtures, D50RME30P20, D50RME40P10, D50RME45P5, D50RO30P20, D50RO40P10 and D50RO45P5. The tests are carried out at different loads (BMEP) and are compared to that of pure diesel. Using the experimentation results, we also obtained the combustion characteristics of all fuel mixtures for further evaluation

RANCANG BANGUN MESIN PEMOTONG RUMPUT TENAGA SURYA UNTUK NAVIGASI

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
John Ohoiwutun
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Kinematics And Dynamics ◽  
Control Input ◽  
High Speed Cutting ◽  
Lawn Mower ◽  
Coal Fuel

Utilization of conventional energy sources such as coal, fuel oil, natural gas and others on the one hand has a low operating cost, but on the other side of the barriers is the greater source of diminishing returns and, more importantly, the emergence of environmental pollution problems dangerous to human life. This study aims to formulate the kinematics and dynamics to determine the movement of Solar Power Mower. In this study, using solar power as an energy source to charge the battery which then runs the robot. Design and research was conducted in the Department of Mechanical Workshop Faculty of Engineering, University of Hasanuddin of Gowa. Control system used is a manual system using radio wave transmitter and receiver which in turn drive the robot in the direction intended. Experimental results showed that treatment with three variations of the speed of 6.63 m / s, 8.84 m / s and 15.89 m / sec then obtained the best results occur in grass cutting 15.89 sec and high-speed cutting grass 5 cm. Formulation of kinematics and dynamics for lawn mowers, there are 2 control input variables, x and y ̇ ̇ 3 to control the output variables x, y and θ so that there is one variable redudant. Keywords: mobile robots, lawn mower, solar power

scholarly journals Experimental investigation on spray characteristics of Jet A-1 and alternative aviation fuels

2021 ◽  
pp. 175682772110101
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar ◽  
Srinibas Karmakar ◽  
Sonu Kumar ◽  
Saptarshi Basu
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Droplet Formation ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Butyl Butyrate ◽  
Phase Doppler Interferometry ◽  
Alternative Aviation Fuels ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Fuel Jet ◽  
Atomization Characteristics

Potential alternative fuels that can mitigate environmental pollution from gas turbine engines (due to steep growth in the aviation sector globally) are getting significant attention. Spray behavior plays a significant role in influencing the combustion performance of such alternative fuels. In the present study, spray characteristics of Kerosene-based fuel (Jet A-1) and alternative aviation fuels such as butyl butyrate, butanol, and their blends with Jet A-1 are investigated using an air-blast atomizer under different atomizing air-to-fuel ratios. Phase Doppler Interferometry has been employed to obtain the droplet size and velocity distribution of various fuels. A high-speed shadowgraphy technique has also been adopted to make a comparison of ligament breakup characteristics and droplet formation of these alternative biofuels with that of Jet A-1. An effort is made to understand how the variation in fuel properties (mainly viscosity) influences atomization. Due to the higher viscosity of butanol, the SMD is higher, and the droplet formation seems to be delayed compared to Jet A-1. In contrast, the lower viscosity of butyl butyrate promotes faster droplet formation. The effects of the blending of these biofuels with Jet A-1 on atomization characteristics are also compared with that of Jet A-1.

scholarly journals Use of diesel and emulsified diesel in CI engine: A comparative analysis of engine characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 003685042110209
Author(s):  
Zain Ul Hassan ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Muhammad Asim ◽  
Ali Hussain Kazim ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Injection Methods ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Ci Engines

Despite a number of efforts to evaluate the utility of water-diesel emulsions (WED) in CI engine to improve its performance and reduce its emissions in search of alternative fuels to combat the higher prices and depleting resources of fossil fuels, no consistent results are available. Additionally, the noise emissions in the case of WED are not thoroughly discussed which motivated this research to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of WED. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were calculated at 1600 rpm within 15%–75% of the load range. Similarly, the contents of NOx, CO, and HC, and level of noise and smoke were measured varying the percentage of water from 2% to 10% gradually for all values of loads. BTE in the case of water emulsified diesel was decreased gradually as the percentage of water increased accompanied by a gradual increase in BSFC. Thus, WED10 showed a maximum 13.08% lower value of BTE while BSFC was increased by 32.28%. However, NOx emissions (21.8%) and smoke (48%) were also reduced significantly in the case of WED10 along with an increase in the emissions of HC and CO and noise. The comparative analysis showed that the emulsified diesel can significantly reduce the emission of NOx and smoke, but it has a negative impact on the performance characteristics and HC, CO, and noise emissions which can be mitigated by trying more fuels variations such as biodiesel and using different water injection methods to decrease dependency on fossil fuels and improve the environmental impacts of CI engines.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of common rail direct injection (CRDI) engine fuelled with Uppage Oil Methyl Ester (UOME)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.N. Basavarajappa ◽  
N. R. Banapurmath ◽  
S.V. Khandal ◽  
G. Manavendra
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Performance And Emission

For economic and social development of any country energy is one of the most essential requirements. Continuously increasing price of crude petroleum fuels in the present days coupled with alarming emissions and stringent emission regulations has led to growing attention towards use of alternative fuels like vegetable oils, alcoholic and gaseous fuels for diesel engine applications. Use of such fuels can ease the burden on the economy by curtailing the fuel imports. Diesel engines are highly efficient and the main problems associated with them is their high smoke and NOx emissions.  Hence there is an urgent need to promote the use of alternative fuels in place of high speed diesel (HSD) as substitute. India has a large agriculture base that can be used as a feed stock to obtain newer fuel which is renewable and sustainable. Accordingly Uppage oil methyl ester (UOME) biodiesel was selected as an alternative fuel. Use of biodiesels in diesel engines fitted with mechanical fuel injection systems has limitation on the injector opening pressure (300 bar). CRDI system can overcome this drawback by injecting fuel at very high pressures (1500-2500 bar) and is most suitable for biodiesel fuels which are high viscous. This paper presents the performance and emission characteristics of a CRDI diesel engine fuelled with UOME biodiesel at different injection timings and injection pressures. From the experimental evidence it was revealed that UOME biodiesel yielded overall better performance with reduced emissions at retarded injection timing of -10° BTDC in CRDI mode of engine operation.

High Speed Imaging of Forced Ignition Kernels in Non-Uniform Jet Fuel/Air Mixtures

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Wei ◽  
Brandon Sforzo ◽  
Jerry Seitzman
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
High Speed Imaging ◽  
Ignition Probability ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Planar Laser

This paper describes experimental measurements of forced ignition of prevaporized liquid fuels in a well-controlled facility that incorporates non-uniform flow conditions similar to those of gas turbine engine combustors. The goal here is to elucidate the processes by which the initially unfueled kernel evolves into a self-sustained flame. Three fuels are examined: a conventional Jet-A and two synthesized fuels that are used to explore fuel composition effects. A commercial, high-energy recessed cavity discharge igniter located at the test section wall ejects kernels at 15 Hz into a preheated, striated crossflow. Next to the igniter wall is an unfueled air flow; above this is a premixed, prevaporized, fuel-air flow, with a matched velocity and an equivalence ratio near 0.75. The fuels are prevaporized in order to isolate chemical effects. Differences in early ignition kernel development are explored using three, synchronized, high-speed imaging diagnostics: schlieren, emission/chemiluminescence, and OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF). The schlieren images reveal rapid entrainment of crossflow fluid into the kernel. The PLIF and emission images suggest chemical reactions between the hot kernel and the entrained fuel-air mixture start within tens of microseconds after the kernel begins entraining fuel, with some heat release possibly occurring. Initially, dilution cooling of the kernel appears to outweigh whatever heat release occurs; so whether the kernel leads to successful ignition or not, the reaction rate and the spatial extent of the reacting region decrease significantly with time. During a successful ignition event, small regions of the reacting kernel survive this dilution and are able to transition into a self-sustained flame after ∼1–2 ms. The low aromatic/low cetane number fuel, which also has the lowest ignition probability, takes much longer for the reaction zone to grow after the initial decay. The high aromatic, more easily ignited fuel, shows the largest reaction region at early times.

scholarly journals Performance and Emission Test on a CI Engine By using Algae Oil as an Alternative Fuel

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1164-1169
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Smoke Detector ◽  
Environment And Public Health ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Sulphur Oxides ◽  
Ci Engine ◽  
Algae Oil

Currently the Biggest threat to environment and public health is Air Pollution which is caused by emissions of hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides and sulphur oxides by burning of fossil fuels. In recent years consumption of fossil fuels by various factories has rapidly increased that has let for the search of alternative fuels. These fuels are also known as non-conventional fuels which can be used as a substitute for conventional fuels Algae oil is one of the promising potential sources of bio-fuels generated from microbes. It is generally preferred because it is sustainable and environment-friendly oil which have numerous advantages. So the algae oil has used for performance and emission test on a diesel engine. The blends have been made for testing B5, B10. In which 5% of methanol has mixed and others are raw algae oil (5% for B5 and 10% for B10) and Diesel (90% for B5 and 85% for B10). The Kirlosker Engine with 6.97 HP (5.2KW)@1500rpm is used for Performance analyzing. Parallels AVL emission analyzer and smoke detector were connected with the exhaust of the engine. All values of gases were displayed and compared.

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