scholarly journals Demographic, Social, Economic, and Regional Factors Affecting the Diffusion of Hybrid Electric Vehicles in Japan

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2130
Author(s):  
Ken’ichi Matsumoto ◽  
Yui Nakamine ◽  
Sunyong Eom ◽  
Hideki Kato
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Alternative Fuel Vehicles ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
The Right

The transportation sector is a major contributor to carbon dioxide emissions, and the resulting climate change. The diffusion of alternative fuel vehicles, including hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), is an important solution for these issues. This study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the ownership ratio of HEVs, particularly passenger vehicles, and the regional differences in the purchase of HEVs in Japan. This study performed a fixed-effects regression analysis with panel data for 47 prefectures during the period 2005–2015 to evaluate the factors affecting the HEV ownership ratio and conducted three cluster analyses to investigate the regional differences in diffusion in terms of price categories, body types, and drive systems of HEVs. Some demographic and social factors were found to affect the ownership ratio in Japan, whereas economic factors, including prefecture-level subsidies for purchasing HEVs, were not. Regarding regional differences, prefectures in urban areas with higher income levels tend to purchase more expensive and large-sized HEVs. These results suggest that a strategy to sell the right vehicle to the right person and region is essential for further promoting HEVs in Japan.

Cost Optimization of a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Golbuff ◽  
Elizabeth D. Kelly ◽  
Samuel V. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Gasoline Consumption ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
The Cost

In order to decrease the use of petroleum and release of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, the efficiency of transportation vehicles must be increased. One way to increase vehicle efficiency is by extending the electric-only operation of hybrid electric vehicles through the addition of batteries that can be charged using grid electricity. These plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are currently being developed for introduction into the U.S. market. As with any consumer good, cost is an important design metric. This study optimizes a PHEV design for a mid-size, gasoline-powered passenger vehicle in terms of cost. Three types of batteries, Pb-acid, NiMH, and Li-ion, and three all-electric ranges of 10, 20, and 40 miles (16.1, 32.2, and 64.4 km) were examined. System modeling was performed using Powertrain Systems Analysis Toolkit (PSAT), an Argonne National Laboratory-developed tool. Performance constraints such as acceleration, sustained grade ability, and top speed were met by all systems. The societal impact of the least cost optimum system was quantified in terms of reduced carbon emissions and gasoline consumption. All of the cost optimal designs (one for each combination of all-electric distance and battery type) demonstrated more than a 60% reduction in gasoline consumption and 45% reduction in CO2 emissions, including the emissions generated from producing the electricity used to charge the battery pack, as compared with an average car in the current U.S. fleet. The least cost design for each all-electric range consisted of a Pb-acid design, including a necessary battery replacement of the battery pack twice during the 15 year assumed life. Due to the cost of the battery packs, the 10-mile all-electric range proved to be the least costly. Also, this system saved the most carbon dioxide emissions, a 53% reduction. The most fuel savings came from the PHEV40 system, yielding an 80% reduction in gasoline consumption.

scholarly journals Energy Management Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Review, Classification, Comparison, and Outlook

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengqi Zhang ◽  
Lihua Wang ◽  
Serdar Coskun ◽  
Hui Pang ◽  
Yahui Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
The Right

Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) have been proven to be a promising solution to environmental pollution and fuel savings. The benefit of the solution is generally realized as the amount of fuel consumption saved, which by itself represents a challenge to develop the right energy management strategies (EMSs) for HEVs. Moreover, meeting the design requirements are essential for optimal power distribution at the price of conflicting objectives. To this end, a significant number of EMSs have been proposed in the literature, which require a categorization method to better classify the design and control contributions, with an emphasis on fuel economy, providing power demand, and real-time applicability. The presented review targets two main headlines: (a) offline EMSs wherein global optimization-based EMSs and rule-based EMSs are presented; and (b) online EMSs, under which instantaneous optimization-based EMSs, predictive EMSs, and learning-based EMSs are put forward. Numerous methods are introduced, given the main focus on the presented scheme, and the basic principle of each approach is elaborated and compared along with its advantages and disadvantages in all aspects. In this sequel, a comprehensive literature review is provided. Finally, research gaps requiring more attention are identified and future important trends are discussed from different perspectives. The main contributions of this work are twofold. Firstly, state-of-the-art methods are introduced under a unified framework for the first time, with an extensive overview of existing EMSs for HEVs. Secondly, this paper aims to guide researchers and scholars to better choose the right EMS method to fill in the gaps for the development of future-generation HEVs.

scholarly journals How Much Polish Consumers Know about Alternative Fuel Vehicles? Impact of Knowledge on the Willingness to Buy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1438
Author(s):  
Anna Kowalska-Pyzalska ◽  
Marek Kott ◽  
Joanna Kott
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Alternative Fuel Vehicles ◽  
Empirical Survey ◽  
Brand Recognition ◽  
Attitudinal Factors ◽  
Willingness To Buy ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Near Future

Limited consumer knowledge reduces the chances of the spread of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs), and hence slows down AFV market spread. In our empirical survey conducted in the first quarter of 2020 among 1002 Poles planning to buy a car in the next 12 months or who have just bought one, we examine what socio-economic and attitudinal factors influence their willingness to buy an AFV. In particular, we are interested in exploring how AFV knowledge related to understanding of the differences between hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and battery electric vehicles (BEVs), as well as brand recognition associate with the willingness to buy. To the best our knowledge, this is a unique study among consumers in Central and Eastern Europe, characterized by lower exposure to AFVs and lower purchasing power. Our results indicate that males with pro-environmental beliefs and behaviors who are interested in modern automotive technologies and have good AFV brand recognition are predominated to be willing to buy an AFV in the near future.

A Study on Systematic Procedure for Choosing the Best Powertrain Configuration in Hybrid Sedan Cars

2013 ◽  
Vol 390 ◽  
pp. 360-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mehrkish ◽  
M. Tahani ◽  
H. Ghazanfar ◽  
S. Norouzi Ghazbi ◽  
S. Zare
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Expert Choice ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Methodology ◽  
Powertrain Configuration ◽  
And Control

With increasing market awareness for fuel efficient vehicles, automotive manufacturers are rapidly adopting various hybrid electric configurations (HEVs) to a wider range of passenger vehicles. There are three major HEV configurations depending on the connection between the components that define the energy flow routes and control ports: series, parallel and series-parallel hybrid. Each configuration includes variety of power-transmission patterns. Choosing the right pattern has been always the most important decision in design process of HEV. This paper presents an introduction to hybrid electric vehicles, the commonly used configurations of the powertrain and finally the selection methodology. This methodology could be used by designers to choose the best power-transmission architecture in design processes of a hybrid sedan car with given specification. The expert choice software is used in selection process. The software is programmed based on AHP method. AHP is a structured method which is used for choosing between several options. The introduced method in this article could be used by designers in designing hybrid electric vehicles in all ranges of hybridization.

EV – Challenges In Going Electric

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umanand L
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Hybrid Electric

This article presents a frank and open opinion on the challenges that will be faced in moving towards an electric mass transport ecosystem. World over there is considerable research activity on electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. There seems to be a global effort to move from an ICE driven ecosystem to electric vehicle ecosystem. There is no simple means to make this transition. This road is filled with hurdles and challenges. This paper poses and discusses these challenges and possible solutions for enabling EVs.

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