scholarly journals Hormones and Heterosis in Hybrid Balsam Poplar (Populus balsamifera L.)

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Hu ◽  
Barb Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Balsam Poplar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cross Type

Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) is a transcontinental tree species in North America, making it an ideal species to study intra-specific hybrid vigour as a tool for increasing genetic gain in growth. We tested the hypothesis that intra-specific breeding of disparate populations of balsam poplar would lead to the expression of hybrid vigour and we determined the role of endogenous hormones linked to ecophysiological and growth performance. In September 2009, three field trials were established in Canada (two in Alberta (AB), i.e., Fields AB1 and AB2, and one in Quebec (QC), i.e., Field QC1) in conjunction with Alberta-Pacific Forest Industries Inc. and the Ministry of Forests, Wildlife and Parks, Quebec. Five male parents from each province as well as five female parents from QC and four female parents from AB were used for breeding intra-regional and inter-regional crosses. Based on a significant difference at year six for height and diameter, from the AB1 and AB2 field trials, the AB × QC cross-type was selected for further study. Cuttings from the AB × QC cross-type were grown in a randomized complete block design under near-optimal greenhouse conditions. Families were identified as slow- or fast-growing, and the relationship between hormone levels and growth performance of the genotypes within the families were examined. In late June, after 34 days of growth, internode tissue samples collected from each progeny were analyzed for gibberellic acids, indole-3-acetic acid, and abscisic acid content. Stem volume of two-month-old rooted cuttings, grown under optimal greenhouse conditions, was positively and significantly correlated with the photosynthetic rate, greenhouse growth, and stem volume of 8-year-old field-grown trees (Fields AB1 values: r = 0.629 and p = 0.012; AB2 values: r = 0.619 and p = 0.014, and QC1 values: r = 0.588 and p = 0.021, respectively). We determined that disparate and native populations of balsam poplar can be bred to produce superior progeny with enhanced stem growth traits.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF SOME WHEAT GROWTH TRAITS FOR FOR FOLIAR SPRAYING WITH HUMIC AND GLUTAMIC ACID

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baqir & Zeboon
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Engineering Sciences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Factors

A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Experiment Unit, College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, during two winter seasons 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 to study the response of some growth traits for wheat Cv. Al forat to foliar spraying using with humic glutamic acid and acid. A factorial experiment was with in Randomized Complete Block Design applied three replications, it involved two factor ,first factor was glutamic acid with three concentrations (0,250,500) mg L-1, second factor was humic acid with three concentrations (0,1,2) ml L-1, have been sprayed at tillering and flowering stages. The results showed that all the studed growth traits (plant height, ,number of tillers, flag leaf area dry weight for plant , crop growth rate ,relative growth rate and biological yield) were affected  by spraying with humic acid and glutamic acid for two season concentration , 2ml -1 from humic acid was superior on most of studies traits , as for glutamic acid ,plants treated with concentrations 250 and 500 mg L-1 were produced the highest mean for studies traits but without significant difference between them in some traits .The interaction between two factors was significant on most studies growth traits .

scholarly journals Response of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) to Time of Application and Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Degraded Soil of Southern Guinea Savanna Zone of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
E. Ndor ◽  
U. D. Faringoro
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Field trials were conducted during 2017 and 2018 rainy season, to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates and time of application on the growth and yield of cowpea. The treatment consisted of three levels of urea: 0, 40, 80 kg N ha-1 and the times of fertilizer application: during planting of cowpea, 2 weeks after planting, 4 weeks after planting and 6 weeks after planting; which were factorially combined to form twelve treatments and laid in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results showed that, Nitrogen fertilizer rates and time of application had a significant increased on all the growth and yield parameters of cowpea in both years of trials. Application of 80 kg N ha-1 produced the highest number of cowpea leaves (134.45 and 139.23), number of branches (9.45 and 10.54), vine length (78.23cm and 80.12cm) and highest seed weight of 0.52 t ha-1 in both 2017 and 2018 trials. However, the control plots produced plants with the highest number of root nodules (14.78 and 12.49) in both years of cropping. Also, application of nitrogen fertilizer at two weeks after planting of cowpea produced the highest growth and seed weight of 0.68 t ha-1 in 2017 cropping; while in 2018 trial, application of nitrogen fertilizer at two weeks after cowpea planting produced seed yield of 0.69tha-1 which is statistically similar with application of nitrogen fertilizer on the fourth week after planting which produced 0.55 t ha-1 of cowpea seeds. The interaction between nitrogen fertilizer application rates and time of application did not showed any significant difference in cowpea yield and yield components in both years of cropping.

scholarly journals The effect of crop rotation on performance and qualitative characteristics of sugar beet

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-718
Author(s):  
Mohammad R. ORAZIZADEH ◽  
Mostafa HOSSEINPOUR ◽  
Parviz FASAHAT
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Trial Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Stability

Sugar beet and sugarcane are two major crops for sugar extraction throughout the world. However, the sugar beet importance is not just about sugar production but it also plays an important role in crop rotation and increased productivity in various industries as well as livestock feed. In this study the long-term (2009-16) field trial effect of alfalfa (4 years)-winter wheat (1 year)–fallow (1year)-sugar beet rotation on yield and quality parameters of sugar beet were evaluated for two consecutive rotations. The field trials were carried out at single location in Karaj, Iran, using randomized complete block design with four replications. Analysis of variance showed that the seasonal factors influenced different traits. In the first and second rotations, the root yield ranged from about 56.5 to 83.2 and 61.4 to 77.8 t ha-1, respectively with significant difference among cultivars in the first rotation. However, no significant difference was observed among both rotations in terms of root yield. Same results were obtained for sugar yield in both rotations which illustrates the stability of the above-mentioned traits. Except for sugar content, significant difference was observed among other traits in both rotations. We show for the first time the effect of completing two rotation sequences on sugar beet performance and quality for decision making into a continual expansion/development of crop cultivation.

scholarly journals Study of The Effect of Salt Stress and Kinetin and Their Interaction on The Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 012084
Author(s):  
Zahra Hussein Al-Khafaji ◽  
Fouad Razzaq Al-Burki
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract A field experiment was conducted at the first station of the College of Agriculture/University of Al-Muthanna for the agricultural season 2020-2021, with the aim of studying the effect of treatment with salinity stress and kinetin on the growth and yield of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar of Bohooth 22. The experiment was applied by split plates design using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three Replicators of 36 experimental units The main units included levels of irrigation water salinity (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10) ds/m, while the secondary units included levels of kinetin (0, 30, 60 Ppm). The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the salinity of the high irrigation water in most growth traits such as plant height, flag leaf area, number of tillers plant−1, spike length (cm) and number of days to physiological maturity (day) at a rate of (.5473, 14.912, 3.222, 9.176, 143.67) respectively, and the traits of the yield and its components represented by the number of spikes. m2, number of grains per spike, weight of 1000 grains (gm), grain yield (ton ha−1) and biological yield (ton ha−1) at a rate of (300.06, 35.39, 31.60, 3.52, 9.46) respectively, while soaking the seeds with kinetin led to a significant increase in most of the studied traits. Thus, we conclude that salt stress has a negative role on the growth stages of the vegetative plant, and this leads to the reduction of the yield and its components.

scholarly journals 129 The effect of Activo Liquid supplemented via the water against Mecadox 50 on nursery pig’s growth performance and survival

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 73-73
Author(s):  
Rafael A Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feeding Program

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare Activo Liquid supplemented via the water agaisnt Mecadox 50 on nursery pigs’ growth performance and survival. Activo Liquid is a combination of secondary plant compounds plus organic acid (antimicrobial) supplemented in the water to support gut health and improve performance. The study design of this trial was a Split Plot with 36 replicates (9 replicates/treatment) with 10 pigs/pen. Pigs were allotted by a Randomized Complete Block Design by weight at weaning. Pigs were around 5.7 kg and 19 days of age average on body weight and weaning age, respectively. The nursery houses were not washed for two turns to expose the animals to serious pathogens. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance with pen as the experimental unit. Significant differences were established by P < 0.05. Treatments were Control with 50g/ton of Mecadox for all nursery phases and three Activo Liquid treatments (6 oz per 128 gallon of drinking water administered either for 3, 5 or 7 days post-weaning). A typical nursery feeding program was followed: Phase 1 from d 0 to d 7, Phase2 from d 8 to d 21 and Phase 3 from d 22 to d4 2. They contain 23%, 21% and 19% crude protein respectively. The results showed no significant difference on final body weight among the treatments. All Activo treatments had improved (P < 0.05) feed conversion (Feed:Gain) when compared with the medicated treatment. Activo Liquid 5d treatment post-weaning had numerically lower mortality when compared with all the other treatments. In conclusion, the results of this trial showed that the supplementation of Activo Liquid for 5 d post-weaning at 6 oz/128 gallon of water can safely replace Mecadox 50 g/ton. More research is needed to validate the repeatability of these results and understand Activo Liquid’s mode of action as a powerful antimicrobial.

scholarly journals Effect of pellet from total mixed ration on growth performance, blood metabolomics, carcass and meat characteristics of Bangladeshi garole sheep

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Islam ◽  
MRA Redoy ◽  
AAS Shuvo ◽  
MAH Sarker ◽  
MA Akbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Six indigenous Bangladeshi Garole sheep (Ovis aries) (BW: 8±0.5 kg; Age: 1yr) were divided into two groups using a randomized block design to investigate the effect of total mixed ration (TMR) pellet feeding on growth parameter, blood metabolomics, carcass and meat characteristics. Control diet was composed of road side grass, rice straw, wheat bran, mustard oil cake, molasses, common salt which considered as loose total mixed ration (L-TMR) and treatment diet was pelleted form of L-TMR (P-TMR).In both the dietary treatments the animals were fed at 1.5 times of maintenance energy and protein requirement. P-TMR revealed a positive impact (p < 0.05) on live weight gain and feed conversion ratio than L-TMR. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) and digestible crude fibre (DCF) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in P-TMR group whereas there was no significant difference (p < 0.05) in other digestible nutrients as well as plasma metabolites like plasma glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL- cholesterol concentration between two dietary group. Dressing percentage and eye muscle area was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in P-TMR group but no significant difference was found between dietary treatments in term of disposition of body fat, proximate composition of mutton, all the sensory parameters except tenderness and overall acceptability. So, it could be concluded that, the P-TMR might be fed to sheep for better growth performance and higher meat production rather than production of functional mutton.Progressive Agriculture 28 (3): 222-229, 2017 

scholarly journals Performance of Half-Sib Progenies Developed from an Early Maturing Maize (Zea mays L.) Population in a Rain-Forest Location

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
A. O. Fadahunsi ◽  
A. Oluwaranti ◽  
M. A. B. Fakorede
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Selected Traits ◽  
And Performance

Problem: Half-sib progenies were developed in a maize breeding program of the Department of Crop Production and Protection of Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria but have not been evaluated for further improvements. Aims: Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the performances of the half-sib progenies, as well as estimate and determine the association among selected traits. Study Design: 160 half-sib progenies each developed in the late planting seasons of 2013 and 2014 from an early maturing maize population were used for this study. Each of the field trials were laid out in a 16 x 10 incomplete block design and replicated twice. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted during the early and late planting seasons of 2015 at the Teaching and Research Farm, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife (7º28’N 4º33’E and 244 m above sea level). Methodology: All data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 0.05 probability level. Genotypic and phenotypic variances were generated to calculate heritability estimates for all traits taken. Results: The results observed showed highly significant differences (P < 0.01) between seasons and among half-sib progenies from both years of development for all traits. Half-sib progenies developed in 2014 were also observed to perform better than those developed in 2013 for all traits studied. Heritability was high (72%) for ear height for the 2013 developed half-sib progenies and moderate at 45% for the 2014 half-sib progenies and this trait had highly significant and positive correlations with yield. Conclusion: It was concluded that sufficient genetic variability existed among the progenies that could be exploited to improve the population. However, it was recommended that these progenies could also be evaluated in multiple locations to ascertain their adaptability and performance.

scholarly journals Potential use of ground brown rice for weanling pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Jae Lee ◽  
Sheena Kim ◽  
Jin Ho Cho ◽  
Hyunjin Kyoung ◽  
Seonmin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract The current study was to assess the effects of substituting corn with ground brown rice (GBR) on growth performance, immune status, and gut microbiota in weanling pigs. Seventy-two weanling pigs [28-day-old with 6.78 ± 0.94 kg body weight (BW)] were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments with 6 pens and 6 pigs (3 barrows and gilts) per pen with in a randomized complete block design. The control pigs were fed a typical diet for weanling pigs based on corn and soybean meal diet (control diet: CON), and the other pigs were fed a diet formulated by replacing corn with GBR for 35 days. Growth performance, immune status, and gut microbiota of weanling pigs were measured. The substitution of corn with GBR did not affect growth performance or diarrhea frequency. Additionally, there were no differences in white blood cell number, hematocrit, cortisol, C-reactive protein, serum TNF-α levels between pigs fed CON or GBR for the first 2 weeks after weaning. However, weanling pigs fed GBR had lower (P &lt; 0.05) serum TGF-β1 level than those fed CON. Furthermore, weanling pigs fed GBR had increased (P &lt; 0.05) relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes and genus Lactobacillus and Streptococcus and decreased (P &lt; 0.05) relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes and genus Clostridium and Prevotella in the gut microbiota compared with those fed CON. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in growth performance when corn was replaced with GBR in diets for weanling pigs. Furthermore, the substitution of corn with GBR in weaning diet modulated immune status and gut microbiota of pigs by increasing beneficial microbial communities and reducing harmful microbial communities. Overall, GBR-based diet is a potentially alternative to corn-based diet without negative effects on growth performance, immune status and gut microbiota changes of weanling pigs.

scholarly journals Response of integrated fertilizer and weed management on weed occurrence and growth traits of aromatic Boro rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-346
Author(s):  
Purnendu Roy ◽  
Md. Abdur Rahman Sarkar ◽  
Newton Chandra Paul ◽  
Kallyan Kanty Saha ◽  
Swapan Kumar Paul
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Boro Rice

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to study the effect of integrated fertilizer and weed management on the growth performance of aromatic Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan50). The experiment comprised six fertilizer managements viz., control (no manures and no fertilizers), recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers (i.e. Urea, TSP, MoP, Gypsum, ZnSO4 @ 250, 120, 120, 100, 10 kg ha-1, respectively), 50% of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers + cowdung @ 5 t ha-1, 75% of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers + cowdung @ 5 t ha-1, 50% of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers + poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1, and 75% of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers +  poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1 and four weed managements viz., control (no weeding), pre-emergence herbicide, Panida 33 EC @ 2.5 l ha-1 + one hand weeding at 35 DAT, post-emergence herbicide, Granite 240 SC @ 93.70 ml ha-1 + one hand weeding at 35 DAT, pre-emergence herbicide, Panida 33 EC @ 2.5 l ha-1 + post-emergence herbicide, Granite 240 SC @ 93.70 ml ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. Growth traits of aromatic Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan50) were significantly influenced by integrated fertilizer and weed management. Plant height, number of tillers hill-1, total dry matter, leaf area index (LAI) and crop growth rate (CGR) gave their highest values in 75% of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers and poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1 along with pre-emergence herbicide, Panida 33 EC @ 2.5 l ha-1 + post-emergence herbicide, Granite 240 SC @ 93.70 ml ha-1 while their corresponding lowest values were found in control. So it can be concluded that, the interaction of 75% of recommended dose of inorganic fertilizers and poultry manure @ 2.5 t ha-1 along with pre-emergence herbicide (Panida 33 EC @ 2.5 l ha-1) + post-emergence herbicide (Granite 240 SC @ 93.70 ml ha-1) appears as the promising combination in respect of growth performance of aromatic Boro rice (cv. BRRI dhan50).

scholarly journals Variation in Growth Traits of Ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri T. ET B.) Progeny Trial in Bondowoso

Jurnal Wasian ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Prastyono Prastyono ◽  
Mudji Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Progeny Trial ◽  
Incomplete Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eusideroxylon Zwageri

The estimation of genetic parameters for stem diameter and plant height of ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri T. et B.) was conducted in a progeny trial in Bondowoso, East Java at the age of 5,5 years. The trial was arranged in an incomplete block design, which comprised of 49 families from three provenances (Batanghari, Berau and Kutai Kertanegara) with 4 replications and single tree plot. Families of Batanghari provenance showed the best growth of stem diameter and plant height compared with another provenance. There was significant difference in plant height between families within provenance, whereas stem diameter was not significantly different both of between provenance as well as between families within one provenance. Non-genetic or environmental factors provide considerable influence on plant growth in the progeny test of ironwood until the age of 5.5 years; it was indicated by the residual variance component. Individual heritability for plant height was considered as high (0.37) and stem diameter was considered as moderate (0.26). There was a strong genetic correlation between the stem diameter and plant height (0.95). This information is very important for future genetic improvement of ironwood.

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