scholarly journals Evaluation of Biochemical Juice Attributes and Color-Related Traits in Muscadine Grape Population

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1101
Author(s):  
Jiovan Campbell ◽  
Ali Sarkhosh ◽  
Fariborz Habibi ◽  
Pranavkumar Gajjar ◽  
Ahmed Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Color Characteristics ◽  
Muscadine Grape

Biochemical juice attributes and color-related traits of muscadine grape genotypes have been investigated. For this study, 90 muscadine genotypes, including 21 standard cultivars, 60 breeding lines, and 9 Vitis x Muscadinia hybrids (VM), were evaluated. The biochemical properties of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity, and TSS/Acid (T/A) ratio showed modest diversity among genotypes with a range of 10.3 °Brix, 2.1 mg tartaric acid/L, and 4.6, respectively. Nonetheless, the pH trait exhibited a tight range of 0.74 among the population with a minimum and maximum pH of 3.11 ± 0.12 and 3.85 ± 0.12. Color-related traits showed more deviation between individuals. Total anthocyanin content (TAC), luminosity index (L*), hue angle (h°), and chroma index (C*) displayed a range of 398 µg/g DW, 33.2, 352.1, and 24, respectively. The hierarchical clustering map classified the population into two large groups of colored and non-colored grapes based on L* and h°, suggesting the predominance of these two characters among the population. The colored berries genotypes clade was further divided into several sub-clades depending on C*, TAC, and TSS levels. The principal component analysis (PCA) separated the four-color characteristics into two groups with a negative correlation between them, L* and C* versus TAC and h°. Further, PCA suggested the positive influence of acidity in enhancing the different nutraceutical components. Despite the nature of anthocyanins as a member of phenolic compounds, a lack of significant correlation between TAC and nutraceutical-related traits was detected. The dissimilatory matrix analysis highlighted the muscadine individuals C11-2-2, E16-9-1, O21-13-1, and Noble as particular genotypes among the population due to enhanced color characteristics.

scholarly journals Development and Properties of Fish Gelatin/Oxidized Starch Double Network Film Catalyzed by Thermal Treatment and Schiff’ Base Reaction

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhao Dong ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Peng Qiao ◽  
Zijing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Base ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Fish Gelatin ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Double Network ◽  
Oxidized Starch

In order to improve the properties of fish gelatin (FG), oxidized starch (OS) was adopted to form hetero-covalent linkage with it based on thermal treatment and the Schiff’ base reaction. The effects of different ratios of FG/OS (ranging from 10:1 to 2:1) on the properties of films were investigated. OS improved the mechanical and barrier properties of films significantly, while the moisture content decreased as OS concentration increased. The optimum concentration was obtained at the loading amount of 1.5% (w/v) OS. FT-IR spectra revealed the covalent cross-linking between FG and OS induced by Schiff’ base reaction. Moreover, composite films had superior preservation effect on blueberry, according to the results of weight loss, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and total anthocyanin content. Therefore, this study suggested that FG-OS double network films (FODF) has great potential in the packaging industry.

scholarly journals Impact of Chitosan, Sucrose, Glucose, and Fructose on the Postharvest Decay, Quality, Enzyme Activity, and Defense-Related Gene Expression of Strawberries

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
Yuanhua Wang ◽  
Zhiming Yan ◽  
Weihua Tang ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Bei Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Decay Index ◽  
Fruit Decay ◽  
Defense Related Gene

Strawberry is one of the most highly consumed fruits worldwide, but is extremely perishable. This study systematically compared the effects of chitosan, sucrose, glucose, and fructose immersion on the physiology and disease development in harvested strawberries. After storage at 15 °C for 9 days, all sugar treatment groups had significantly higher total soluble solids and total anthocyanin content than those of the control group. All sugar treatment groups inhibited malondialdehyde accumulation. At the end of the storage, chitosan, glucose, and fructose maintained higher superoxide dismutase activity and chitosan maintained higher catalase activity. The chitosan and glucose groups had lowest fruit decay index, followed by sucrose and fructose groups. The fruit firmness and luster were better maintained in the glucose group. Furthermore, genes related to sucrose metabolism (e.g., FaSUS1 and FaSUS2), titratable acidity accumulation (e.g., FaMDH1, FaMDH2, FaCS1, and FaCS2), disease resistance (e.g., FaPGIP1, FaWRKY1, and FaWRKY33) and to anabolic jasmonic acid and abscisic acid pathways (e.g., FaJAZ1, FaJAZ2, FaOPR3, FaNCED1, and FaNCED2) were regulated to varying degrees, suggesting that chitosan and glucose participate in plants’ immune signaling networks and regulate disease resistance in fruit through hormone pathways. The findings provide new insights into the physiological regulation of harvested strawberries.

CHANGES IN THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF CONCORD GRAPES GROWN IN ONTARIO DURING RIPENING IN THE 1970 SEASON

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIBOR FULEKI
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Methyl Anthranilate ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Concord Grapes

Methyl anthranilate, soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, and total anthocyanin content of Concord grapes was followed during ripening in the 1970 season. Methyl anthranilate content increased from 0.04 ppm on 27 August to 6.44 ppm on 26 October and declined thereafter. The maximum values for the other components examined were: total anthocyanins, 114 mg/100 g (30 Oct.); soluble solids, 16.4% (13 Oct.); titratable acidity (minimum), 9.45‰ (16 Oct.); and sugar/acid, 16.93 (16 Oct.).

scholarly journals Preliminary Insights in Sensory Profile of Sweet Cherries

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Vânia Silva ◽  
Sandra Pereira ◽  
Alice Vilela ◽  
Eunice Bacelar ◽  
Francisco Guedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sensory Data

Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is a fruit appreciated by consumers for its well-known physical and sensory characteristics and its health benefits. Being an extremely perishable fruit, it is important to know the unique attributes of the cultivars to develop cultivation or postharvest strategies that can enhance their quality. This study aimed to understand the influence of physicochemical characteristics of two sweet cherry cultivars, Burlat and Van, on the food quality perception. Several parameters (weight, dimensions, soluble solids content (SSC), pH, titratable acidity (TA), colour, and texture) were measured and correlated with sensory data. Results showed that cv. Van presented heavier and firmer fruits with high sugar content. In turn, cv. Burlat showed higher pH, lower TA, and presented redder and brightest fruits. The principal component analysis revealed an evident separation between cultivars. Van cherries stood out for their sensory parameters and were classified as more acidic, bitter, and astringent, and presented a firmer texture. Contrarily, Burlat cherries were distinguished as being more flavourful, succulent, sweeter, and more uniform in terms of visual and colour parameters. The results of the sensory analysis suggested that perceived quality does not always depend on and/or recognize the quality parameters inherent to the physicochemical characteristics of each cultivar.

scholarly journals Effect of Freeze Crystallization on Quality Properties of Two Endemic Patagonian Berries Juices: Murta (Ugni molinae) and Arrayan (Luma apiculata)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
María Guerra-Valle ◽  
Siegried Lillo-Perez ◽  
Guillermo Petzold ◽  
Patricio Orellana-Palma
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Ugni Molinae

This work studied the effects of centrifugal block freeze crystallization (CBFC) on physicochemical parameters, total phenolic compound content (TPCC), antioxidant activity (AA), and process parameters applied to fresh murta and arrayan juices. In the last cycle, for fresh murta and arrayan juices, the total soluble solids (TSS) showed values close to 48 and 54 Brix, and TPCC exhibited values of approximately 20 and 66 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 grams dry matter (d.m.) for total polyphenol content, 13 and 25 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents/100 grams d.m. for total anthocyanin content, and 9 and 17 mg quercetin equivalents/100 grams d.m. for total flavonoid content, respectively. Moreover, the TPCC retention indicated values over 78% for murta juice, and 82% for arrayan juice. Similarly, the AA presented an increase over 2.1 times in relation to the correspondent initial AA value. Thus, the process parameters values were between 69% and 85% for efficiency, 70% and 88% for percentage of concentrate, and 0.72% and 0.88 (kg solutes/kg initial solutes) for solute yield. Therefore, this work provides insight about CBFC on valuable properties in fresh Patagonian berries juices, for future applications in health and industrial scale.

scholarly journals Applications of 5-aminolevulinic acid on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of strawberry fruit during postharvest cold storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2103-2109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Zhiqiang Li ◽  
Liangju Wang
Keyword(s):  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Effective Dosage ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Strawberry Fruit ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Delayed Senescence ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Decay Index

ABSTRACT: The compound 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a key precursor in the biosynthesis of porphyrins, such as chlorophyll, heme and phytochromobilin, and has multiple physiological effects on plants. Varying concentrations of ALA (50mg L-1, 100mg L-1, and 150mg L-1) and water (control) were applied to white stage 'Sweet Charlie' strawberry fruit. All ALA treatments delayed senescence and improved the qualities of strawberries fruit during storage. Among the treatments, 150mg L-1 ALA was the most effective dosage concentration. Exogenously applied ALA significantly reduced the decay index, respiration rate, O2 - production rate (O2 -), H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase activities (APX), total soluble solids (TSS) content, titratable acidity (TA) and anthocyanin content during the initial stage of storage. These results supported the pre harvest application of ALA as a beneficial strategy for the prevention of postharvest decay of strawberry fruit.

scholarly journals Bioactive compounds in gladiolus flowers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Goede de Souza ◽  
Eduardo Affonso Jung ◽  
Vinícius Petermann Benedicto ◽  
Leosane Cristina Bosco
Keyword(s):  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Total Titratable Acidity ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Flowers have received special attention not only for their ornamental nature but also for their nutraceutical, cosmetic, aromatic, and culinary properties. This study aimed to characterize physicochemical attributes and the antioxidant capacity of flowers of four gladiolus cultivars. The cultivars used were White Friendship, Rose Supreme, Jester, and T704. We analyzed the content of total soluble solids (SS), total titratable acidity (TA), SS/TA ratio, pH, vitamin C, anthocyanin, flavonoids, total phenolic compounds (TPC), total antioxidant activity (TAA), and the relationship of TPC with flavonoids and TAA for each cultivar. The results showed that the Jester flowers had the lowest TA and highest SS/TA ratio, indicating the best flavor. Jester also had the highest flavonoid content, similarly to the White Friendship and Rose Supreme. As a result, these cultivars have flowers with higher TPC and TAA content than T704. The anthocyanin content was the characteristic attribute of cultivar T704, due to its purple pigmentation. Gladiolus flowers, traditionally used in landscaping and as cut flowers, have the potential for use in human nutrition, particularly the White Friendship, Rose Supreme, and Jester cultivars.

scholarly journals Rootstock-scion interaction:5. Effect on the evolution of Cabernet Sauvignon grape ripening

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Miele ◽  
Luiz Antenor Rizzon
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Wine Composition

Abstract The rootstock effect on grapevine yield components, grape must and wine composition and wine sensory characteristics were evaluated in previous studies. This experiment carried out over five years had the objective to determine the effect of the rootstock on the evolution of variables related to sugar and acidity contents of the juice during grape ripening. The treatments consisted of Cabernet Sauvignon grapevine grafted on rootstocks such as Rupestris du Lot, 101- 14 Mgt, 3309 C, 420A Mgt, 5BB K, 161-49 C, SO4, Solferino, 1103 P, 99 R, 110 R, Gravesac, Fercal, Dogridge and Isabel. The berries were sampled during the grape ripening period, on nine dates during the summer of each year. Taken to the laboratory, they were hand crushed and the juice was centrifuged to separate the solid and liquid phase, where the supernatant was then used for physicochemical analyses. The data were submitted to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and polynomial regression analysis. The main results show that, at grape maturity, the PCA discriminated mainly the juices of CS/101-14 Mgt, CS/SO4 and CS/Gravesac, which had high density, total soluble solids, total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio and pH, and CS/Dogridge and CS/Fercal, which had high titratable acidity. The density, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio increased as grape ripened, but the titratable acidity decreased. However, the increase or decrease rates were lower at the end of the grape ripening cycle according to the variable, and the total soluble solids having the highest increase (116.3%) and the titratable acidity the highest decrease (68.3%).

scholarly journals Effects of an Auxin and a brassinosteroid on physical, chemical and biochemical attributes of ‘Galaxy’ apples

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ângela Preza Ramos ◽  
Aquidauana Miqueloto Zanardi ◽  
Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante ◽  
Cristiano André Steffens ◽  
Adaucto Bellarmino Pereira-Netto
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Fruit Shelf Life

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to study the effect of the auxin naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and the brassinosteroid 28-homocastasterone (28-HCS) applied every 15 days (harvest 2015/16) or every 21 days (harvest 2016/17) after full bloom, on the physical, chemical and biochemical attributes of the ‘Galaxy’ apples. The study was performed at a commercial orchard at Vacaria county, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The following treatments were applied: water (control), NAA (0.1%), 28-HCS (10‒6 M) and NAA (0.1%) + 28-HCS (10‒6 M). For this purpose, 300 μL of the plant growth regulator solutions were applied to the fruit peduncles. Fruits treated with NAA every 21 days presented higher starch-iodine index and lower total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), lightness index (L) and hue angle (h°) than 28-HCS-treated fruits. Fruits treated every 15 days with NAA presented reduced skin rupture force (SRF), total antioxidant activities (TAA) of the skin and flesh, and hydrogen peroxide content compared to the control fruits. In addition, NAA application every 15 and 21 days resulted in increased anthocyanin content in the skin. Application of NAA + 28-HCS reduced superoxide dismutase activity. 28-HCS applications increased TSS, color attributes (C and h°) of the skin, total antioxidant activity of the skin and flesh and peroxidase activity compared to control fruits. These results are expected to help to understand how plant growth regulators affect apple quality. In addition, results described here are also expected to help on the development of strategies to reduce post harvest losses and to increase fruit shelf life.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Drought Stress and Soil Cultivation in Chardonnay and Xynisteri Grape Cultivars

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Chrysargyris ◽  
Panayiota Xylia ◽  
Vassilis Litskas ◽  
Menelaos Stavrinides ◽  
Lisa Heyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Mediterranean Areas ◽  
The Impact

Cyprus has a long tradition in grape cultivation and wine making and grapevine is important for the sustainability of the agricultural sector, like in other Mediterranean areas. Water scarcity, which is projected to increase due to climate change, could negatively affect the sector. In this research, the effects of irrigation and tillage treatments on various aspects of vine growth and product quality (e.g., yield, physiology and quality attributes), were studied in Chardonnay and Xynisteri cultivars grown in clay soils in Cyprus. Regarding soil properties and water content, N and K were more abundant in the soil than P and through the growing period irrigation tended to increase electrical conductivity (EC) in the soil. Soil water content (volumetric) was 22%–27.5% and 13%–16%, when irrigation was applied or not, respectively. Vegetative soil cover occupied 50%–55% of the surface and contained species typically present in Mediterranean farms (e.g., Poaceae, Fabaceae and Brassicaceae). Tillage increased yield in Xynisteri (4–5 kg plant−1) but negatively affected other parameters such as chlorophyll levels (in Xynisteri). In combination with irrigation, tillage increased antioxidant activity in Chardonnay (assessed by FRAP and DPPH), at harvest. Total phenolics at harvest were higher in the grape juice of Xynisteri, compared to Chardonnay (30–40 and 20–25 mg GA g−1 fresh weight, respectively). Irrigation influenced phytohormone levels in the two cultivars. ABA increased in non-irrigated Xynisteri, reflecting an increased capacity to react towards water stress. Water stress is considered to increase polyphenols in grapes, but in the case of Xynisteri it seems that irrigation water is required to obtain better quality grapes as without irrigation volumetric water content (VWC) is close to the permanent wilting point. Titratable acidity and total tannins decreased in Chardonnay, when tillage and irrigation were applied. In addition, tillage and irrigation tended to elevate the pH of the grape juice. Tillage and irrigation on the other hand, had no effect on the levels of ascorbic acid and total anthocyanin content. The results of this research may help to select management strategies that support the adaptation of viticulture to climate change in Cyprus and other Mediterranean areas.

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