scholarly journals Undesirables in Mesopelagic Species and Implications for Food and Feed Safety—Insights from Norwegian Fjords

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1162
Author(s):  
Martin Wiech ◽  
Marta Silva ◽  
Sonnich Meier ◽  
Jojo Tibon ◽  
Marc H. G. Berntssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Wax Esters ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Feed Safety ◽  
Mesopelagic Species ◽  
Food And Feed Safety

The increase in the global population demands more biomass from the ocean as future food and feed, and the mesopelagic species might contribute significantly. In the present study, we evaluated the food and feed safety of six of the most abundant mesopelagic species in Norwegian fjords. Trace elements (i.e., arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead), organic pollutants (i.e., dioxins, furans, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, and polybrominated flame-retardants), and potentially problematic lipid compounds (i.e., wax esters and erucic acid) were analyzed and compared to existing food and feed maximum levels and intake recommendations. Furthermore, contaminant loads in processed mesopelagic biomass (protein, oil, and fish meal) was estimated using worst-case scenarios to identify possible food and feed safety issues. While most undesirables were low considering European food legislation, we identified a few potential food safety issues regarding high levels of fluoride in Northern krill, wax esters in glacier lanternfish, and long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids in silvery lightfish. Our estimates in processed biomass indicated high levels of undesirable trace elements in the protein fraction, frequently exceeding the maximum levels for feed ingredients. However, in fish meal, almost no exceedances were seen. In the oil fraction, dioxins and furans were above the maximum levels, given for food and feed ingredients. The present study is crucial to enable an evaluation of the value of these species; however, more data is needed before proceeding with large-scale harvesting of mesopelagic biomass.

scholarly journals Food and feed safety: Cases and approaches to identify the responsible toxins and toxicants

Food Control ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjen Gerssen ◽  
Toine H.F. Bovee ◽  
Leendert A. van Ginkel ◽  
Marlou L.P.S. van Iersel ◽  
Ron L.A.P. Hoogenboom
Keyword(s):  
Food And Feed ◽  
Safety Cases ◽  
Feed Safety ◽  
Food And Feed Safety

Reference on Mycotoxins Occurrence, Prevalence, and Risk Assessment in Food Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 294-343
Author(s):  
Griffiths Atungulu ◽  
Zeinab Mohammadi-Shad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Feed Safety ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Food And Feed Safety

Mycotoxins are a group of naturally occurring toxins that are produced by different filamentous fungi genera such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, etc. The word mycotoxin literally is derived from Greek word “myke” meaning fungus and “toxicum” meaning toxin. These contaminants can develop on different food and feed commodities during different stages including pre-harvest, harvest, and storage. Mycotoxins are of concern because their outbreak result in animal and human diseases and economic losses. It has been estimated that global post-harvest losses are approximately at 50%. Human exposure to mycotoxins is typically through consumption of contaminated agricultural products or indirectly by consumption of animal products containing mycotoxins or their metabolites. The chapter provides the latest information on mycotoxin issues and challenges related to food and feed safety.

Application of food and feed safety assessment principles to evaluate transgenic approaches to gene modulation in crops

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1773-1790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne Parrott ◽  
Bruce Chassy ◽  
Jim Ligon ◽  
Linda Meyer ◽  
Jay Petrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Gene Modulation ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Feed Safety ◽  
Food And Feed Safety

scholarly journals Food and feed safety of DAS-444Ø6-6 herbicide-tolerant soybean

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod A. Herman ◽  
Ricardo D. Ekmay ◽  
Barry W. Schafer ◽  
Ping Song ◽  
Brandon J. Fast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Tolerant ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Feed Safety ◽  
Food And Feed Safety

scholarly journals Advances in molecular and genomic research to safeguard food and feed supply from aflatoxin contamination

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bhatnagar ◽  
K. Rajasekaran ◽  
M. Gilbert ◽  
J.W. Cary ◽  
N. Magan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Feed Safety ◽  
Food And Feed Safety

Worldwide recognition that aflatoxin contamination of agricultural commodities by the fungus Aspergillus flavus is a global problem has significantly benefitted from global collaboration for understanding the contaminating fungus, as well as for developing and implementing solutions against the contamination. The effort to address this serious food and feed safety issue has led to a detailed understanding of the taxonomy, ecology, physiology, genomics and evolution of A. flavus, as well as strategies to reduce or control pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination, including (1) biological control, using atoxigenic aspergilli, (2) proteomic and genomic analyses for identifying resistance factors in maize as potential breeding markers to enable development of resistant maize lines, and (3) enhancing host-resistance by bioengineering of susceptible crops, such as cotton, maize, peanut and tree nuts. A post-harvest measure to prevent the occurrence of aflatoxin contamination in storage is also an important component for reducing exposure of populations worldwide to aflatoxins in food and feed supplies. The effect of environmental changes on aflatoxin contamination levels has recently become an important aspect for study to anticipate future contamination levels. The ability of A. flavus to produce dozens of secondary metabolites, in addition to aflatoxins, has created a new avenue of research for understanding the role these metabolites play in the survival and biodiversity of this fungus. The understanding of A. flavus, the aflatoxin contamination problem, and control measures to prevent the contamination has become a unique example for an integrated approach to safeguard global food and feed safety.

scholarly journals Food and feed safety assessment of RNAi plants and products.

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-153
Author(s):  
Hanspeter Naegeli ◽  
Gijs Klete ◽  
Antje Dietz-Pfeilstetter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Recombinant Proteins ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Plant Metabolism ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Feed Safety ◽  
Interfering Rna ◽  
Data Requirements ◽  
Food And Feed Safety

Abstract This paper evaluates the potential hazards of food and feed derived from RNAi plants including: adverse changes of plant metabolism; mechanisms and potential for non-target gene silencing in humans and livestock, including gut microbiome; bioinformatics tools for predictionof off-target sequences of interfering RNA; the possible non-specific effects of dsRNA and siRNA in mammals; and the comparison of data requirements for safety assessment of food and feed from RNAi plants and from plants expressing recombinant proteins. It also discusses exposure and RNAi-specific risk assessment.

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