scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Endopolyploidy in Mosses

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Marianna Paľová ◽  
Dajana Ručová ◽  
Michal Goga ◽  
Vladislav Kolarčik
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Plant Kingdom ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Endopolyploid Cells

Somatic polyploidy or endopolyploidy is common in the plant kingdom; it ensures growth and allows adaptation to the environment. It is present in the majority of plant groups, including mosses. Endopolyploidy had only been previously studied in about 65 moss species, which represents less than 1% of known mosses. We analyzed 11 selected moss species to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of endopolyploidy using flow cytometry to identify patterns in ploidy levels among gametophytes and sporophytes. All of the studied mosses possessed cells with various ploidy levels in gametophytes, and four of six species investigated in sporophytic stage had endopolyploid sporophytes. The proportion of endopolyploid cells varied among organs, parts of gametophytes and sporophytes, and ontogenetic stages. Higher ploidy levels were seen in basal parts of gametophytes and sporophytes than in apical parts. Slight changes in ploidy levels were observed during ontogenesis in cultivated mosses; the youngest (apical) parts of thalli tend to have lower levels of endopolyploidy. Differences between parts of cauloid and phylloids of Plagiomnium ellipticum and Polytrichum formosum were also documented; proximal parts had higher levels of endopolyploidy than distal parts. Endopolyploidy is spatially and temporally differentiated in the gametophytes of endopolyploid mosses and follows a pattern similar to that seen in angiosperms.

scholarly journals The Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Stick-Nest Rat Middens in Australia

Radiocarbon ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Pearson ◽  
Ewan Lawson ◽  
Lesley Head ◽  
Lynne McCarthy ◽  
John Dodson
Keyword(s):  
Arid Zone ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Logarithmic Decay ◽  
Natural Decay

The spatial and temporal distribution of 145 radiocarbon dates on 66 Australian stick-nest rat middens (Muridae: Leporillusspp.) range from modern to 10,900 ± 90 BP. As in American packrat middens, age frequency follows a logarithmic decay, both continentally and at major sites. This is probably a result of natural decay processes. Unlike American middens of similar age, relatively few range changes in plant distribution have been detected in Australia. The distribution of14C ages and the associated midden materials provide important paleoenvironmental information from the arid interior of Australia. The middens record subtle changes in vegetation and dramatic changes in the fauna unlike those interpreted from sites on the coastal rim or the southeastern periphery of the arid zone.

scholarly journals Endopolyploidy in Bryophytes: Widespread in Mosses and Absent in Liverworts

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian D. Bainard ◽  
Steven G. Newmaster
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Propidium Iodide ◽  
Nuclear Division ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Mean Cycle

Endopolyploidy occurs when DNA replication is not followed by mitotic nuclear division, resulting in tissues or organisms with nuclei of varying ploidy levels. Endopolyploidy appears to be a common phenomenon in plants, though the prevalence of endopolyploidy has not been determined in bryophytes (including mosses and liverworts). Forty moss species and six liverwort species were analyzed for the degree of endopolyploidy using flow cytometry. Nuclei were extracted in LB01 buffer and stained with propidium iodide. Of the forty moss species, all exhibited endopolyploid nuclei (mean cycle value =0.65±0.038) except for the Sphagnum mosses (mean cycle value =0). None of the liverwort species had endopolyploid nuclei (mean cycle value = 0.04 ± 0.014). As bryophytes form a paraphyletic grade leading to the tracheophytes, understanding the prevalence and role of endopolyploidy in this group is important.

scholarly journals Evaluating the spatial and temporal patterns of the severe fever thrombocytopenia syndrome in Republic of Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seongwoo Park ◽  
Hae-Sung Nam ◽  
Baeg-Ju Na
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
First Case ◽  
Severe Fever

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a new infectious disease with a high mortality rate and increased incidence in Republic of Korea since the first case was reported in 2013. The average mortality rate varies by region and year but remains high in Asia. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal patterns of SFTS cases reported to the national Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA). We analysed the spatial and temporal distribution of SFTS and observed changes in areas vulnerable to the disease. We analysed data concerning 1086 confirmed SFTS patients from 2013 to 2019 categorized according to the 247 district level administrative units. To better understand the epidemiology of SFTS, we carried out spatiotemporal analyses on a yearly basis and also calculated and mapped spatial clusters of domestic SFTS by global (regional) and local Moran’s indices. To observe the annual changes in SFTS incidence rate, scan statistics for each city and district were calculated. The incidence rate showed significant clustering in specific regions, which reoccurred annually in some regions. In Republic of Korea, SFTS clusters have been expanding into the southern regions, with annual clusters concentrated between May and October. This pattern allows prediction of SFTS occurrences through spatiotemporal analysis, which makes it possible to guide measures of disease prevention.

scholarly journals Ploidy Mosaics - Does Endopolyploidy in Explants Affects the Cytogenetic Stability of Orchids Regenerated From PLBs?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohan Fritsche ◽  
Thiago Sanches Ornellas ◽  
Valdir Marcos Stefenon ◽  
Miguel Pedro Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Natural Question ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Model Plant ◽  
Somatic Tissues ◽  
High Oxidation ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets ◽  
Endopolyploid Cells

Abstract The induction and regeneration of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) is a morphogenetic pathway widely used for orchid micropropagation. As endopolyploidy, i.e., the coexistence of cells with different ploidy levels, is a common feature in orchid tissues, a natural question arises when using somatic tissues as explants for orchid micropropagation: does endopolyploidy in explants affect the cytogenetic stability of regenerated plantlets? To answer this question, Epidendrum fulgens was used as a model plant, and flow cytometry (FC) was used to analyze endopolyploidy in pollinia, petals, labella, leaf bases, leaf tips, root tips, protocorms bases and protocorms apexes, which were subsequently used as explants for PLB induction and plant regeneration. The ploidy screening showed contrasting ploidy patterns in the samples. Endopolyploidy was detected in all tissues, with C-values ranging from 1C to 16C. Protocorm bases and root tips presented the highest proportion of endopolyploidy, while petals and protocorm apexes showed the lowest proportion. Flower parts presented high oxidation for PLB induction and pollinia failed to produce PLB or callus. The highest induction rate was observed at 10 µM TDZ, with 92%, 22%, and 0.92% for protocorm bases, leaves, and root tips, respectively. Plantlets were more easily regenerated from PLBs induced from protocorm bases than from leaves and roots. Doubled ploidy levels were registered in a proportion of 11% and 33% for PLB-regenerated plantlets obtained from protocorm bases and leaf bases, respectively, which was not directly associated with the proportion of endopolyploid cells or cycle value of explants.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of tick-borne diseases (Tick-borne Encephalitis and Lyme Borreliosis) in Germany

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12422
Author(s):  
Sarah Cunze ◽  
Gustav Glock ◽  
Sven Klimpel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis

Background In the face of ongoing climate warming, vector-borne diseases are expected to increase in Europe, including tick-borne diseases (TBD). The most abundant tick-borne diseases in Germany are Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) and Lyme Borreliosis (LB), with Ixodes ricinus as the main vector. Methods In this study, we display and compare the spatial and temporal patterns of reported cases of human TBE and LB in relation to some associated factors. The comparison may help with the interpretation of observed spatial and temporal patterns. Results The spatial patterns of reported TBE cases show a clear and consistent pattern over the years, with many cases in the south and only few and isolated cases in the north of Germany. The identification of spatial patterns of LB disease cases is more difficult due to the different reporting practices in the individual federal states. Temporal patterns strongly fluctuate between years, and are relatively synchronized between both diseases, suggesting common driving factors. Based on our results we found no evidence that weather conditions affect the prevalence of both diseases. Both diseases show a gender bias with LB bing more commonly diagnosed in females, contrary to TBE being more commonly diagnosed in males. Conclusion For a further investigation of of the underlying driving factors and their interrelations, longer time series as well as standardised reporting and surveillance system would be required.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever Outbreaks: A Worldwide Review, 1990–2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. S499-S509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Kim ◽  
Kang Sung Lee ◽  
Gi Deok Pak ◽  
Jean-Louis Excler ◽  
Sushant Sahastrabuddhe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Middle Income

Abstract Background Analyses of the global spatial and temporal distribution of enteric fever outbreaks worldwide are important factors to consider in estimating the disease burden of enteric fever disease burden. Methods We conducted a global literature review of enteric fever outbreak data by systematically using multiple databases from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2018 and classified them by time, place, diagnostic methods, and drug susceptibility, to illustrate outbreak characteristics including spatial and temporal patterns. Results There were 180 940 cases in 303 identified outbreaks caused by infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A or B (S. Paratyphi). The size of outbreak ranged from 1 to 42 564. Fifty-one percent of outbreaks occurred in Asia, 15% in Africa, 14% in Oceania, and the rest in other regions. Forty-six percent of outbreaks specified confirmation by blood culture, and 82 outbreaks reported drug susceptibility, of which 54% had multidrug-resistant pathogens. Paratyphoid outbreaks were less common compared to typhoid (22 vs 281) and more prevalent in Asia than Africa. Risk factors were multifactorial, with contaminated water being the main factor. Conclusions Enteric fever outbreak burden remains high in endemic low- and middle-income countries and, despite its limitations, outbreak data provide valuable contemporary evidence in prioritizing resources, public health policies, and actions. This review highlights geographical locations where urgent attention is needed for enteric fever control and calls for global action to prevent and contain outbreaks.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document