scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of the Tsunami Generated by a Potential Submarine Landslide in La Palma (Canary Islands) after the September 2021 Cumbre Vieja Eruption

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Raúl Periáñez
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Near Field ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Submarine Landslide ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
The Past ◽  
La Palma ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
Cumbre Vieja ◽  
Island Slope

Cumbre Vieja volcano, located in La Palma Island (Canary Islands, Spain), erupted on 19 September 2021. Some papers have been published in the past in which the tsunamis generated by a potential massive landslide due to a collapse of one of the volcano flanks are investigated. However, a potential slide of the lava flow down the island slope has not been considered yet. A numerical model has been applied to simulate the propagation of the tsunami generated by such slide and to assess its consequences in the near field (Canary Islands and west coast of Africa). The model provides maps of maximum wave heights and arrival times of the tsunami, as well as time series of water surface elevation at several selected locations. Since the volume involved in such potential slide is a priori not known, several values were tested and their effects compared.

Diffuse H2 degassing studies: a useful geochemical tool for monitoring Cumbre Vieja volcano, La Palma, Canary Islands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nemesio M. Pérez ◽  
Gladys V. Melián ◽  
Pedro A. Hernández ◽  
María Asensio-Ramos ◽  
Eleazar Padrón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
Sequential Gaussian Simulation ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
La Palma ◽  
Soil Degassing ◽  
Geothermal Activity ◽  
Cumbre Vieja

<p>Hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) is one of the most abundant trace species in volcano-hydrothermal systems and is a key participant in many redox reactions occurring in the hydrothermal reservoir gas. Although H<sub>2</sub> can be produced in soils by N<sub>2</sub>-fixing and fertilizing bacteria, soils are considered nowadays as sinks of molecular hydrogen (Smith-Downey et al. 2006). Because of its chemical and physical characteristics, H<sub>2</sub> generated within the crust moves rapidly and escapes to the atmosphere. These characteristics make H<sub>2</sub> one of the best geochemical indicators of magmatic and geothermal activity at depth. Cumbre Vieja volcano (La Palma, Canary Islands) is the most active basaltic volcano in the Canaries with seven historical eruptions being Teneguía eruption (1971) the most recent one. Cumbre Vieja volcano is characterized by a main north–south rift zone 20 km long, up to 1950 m in elevation and covering an area of 220 km<sup>2</sup> with vents located at the northwest and northeast. Cumbre Vieja does not show any visible degassing (fumaroles, etc.). For that reason, the geochemical volcano monitoring program at Cumbre Vieja volcano has been focused on soil degassing surveys.  Here we show the results of soil H<sub>2</sub> emission surveys that have been carried out regularly since 2001. Soil gas samples were collected in about 600 sampling sites selected to obtain a homogeneous distribution at about 40 cm depth using a metallic probe and 60 cc hypodermic syringes and stored in 10 cc glass vials. H<sub>2</sub> content was analysed later by a VARIAN CP4900 micro-GC. A simple diffusive emission mechanism was applied to compute the emission rate of H<sub>2</sub> at each survey. Diffuse H<sub>2</sub> emission values were used to construct spatial distribution maps by using sequential Gaussian simulation (sGs) algorithm, allowing the estimation of the emission rate from the volcano. Between 2001-2003, the average diffuse H<sub>2</sub> emission rate was ∼2.5 kg·d<sup>−1</sup> and an increase of this value was observed between 2013-2017 (∼16.6 kg·d<sup>−1</sup>), reaching a value of 36 kg·d<sup>−1</sup> on June 2017, 4 month before the first recent seismic swarm in October, 2017 at Cumbre Vieja volcano. Six additional seismic swarms had occurred at Cumbre Vieja volcano (February 2018, July-August 2020; October 8-10, 2020; October 17-19, 2020, November 21, 2020 and December 23-26, 2020) and changes of diffuse H<sub>2</sub> emission related to this unrest had been observed reaching values up to ∼70 kg·d<sup>−1</sup>. Diffuse H<sub>2</sub> emission surveys have demonstrated to be sensitive and excellent precursors of magmatic processes occurring at depth in Cumbre Vieja. Periodic diffuse H<sub>2</sub> emission surveys provide valuable information to improve and optimize the detection of early warning signals of volcanic unrest at Cumbre Vieja volcano.</p>

scholarly journals A new multi-sensor approach to simulation assisted tsunami early warning

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1085-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Behrens ◽  
A. Androsov ◽  
A. Y. Babeyko ◽  
S. Harig ◽  
F. Klaschka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Tsunami Warning ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Rigorous Approach ◽  
Tsunami Forecasting ◽  
Wave Heights

Abstract. A new tsunami forecasting method for near-field tsunami warning is presented. This method is applied in the German-Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System, as part of the Indonesian Tsunami Warning Center in Jakarta, Indonesia. The method employs a rigorous approach to minimize uncertainty in the assessment of tsunami hazard in the near-field. Multiple independent sensors are evaluated simultaneously in order to achieve an accurate estimation of coastal arrival times and wave heights within very short time after a submarine earthquake event. The method is validated employing a synthetic (simulated) tsunami event, and in hindcasting the minor tsunami following the Padang 30 September 2009 earthquake.

Dynamics of diffuse carbon dioxide emissions from Cumbre Vieja volcano, La Palma, Canary Islands

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleazar Padrón ◽  
Nemesio M. Pérez ◽  
Fátima Rodríguez ◽  
Gladys Melián ◽  
Pedro A. Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
La Palma ◽  
Cumbre Vieja

Helium emission at Cumbre Vieja volcano, La Palma, Canary Islands

2012 ◽  
Vol 312-313 ◽  
pp. 138-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleazar Padrón ◽  
Nemesio M. Pérez ◽  
Pedro A. Hernández ◽  
Hirochika Sumino ◽  
Gladys Melián ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
La Palma ◽  
Cumbre Vieja ◽  
Helium Emission

Magma storage and underplating beneath Cumbre Vieja volcano, La Palma (Canary Islands)

2005 ◽  
Vol 236 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 211-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Klügel ◽  
Thor H. Hansteen ◽  
Karsten Galipp
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Magma Storage ◽  
La Palma ◽  
Cumbre Vieja

scholarly journals How Would the Potential Collapse of the Cumbre Vieja Volcano in La Palma Canary Islands Impact the Guadeloupe Islands? Insights into the Consequences of Climate Change

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Gael E. Arnaud ◽  
Yann Krien ◽  
Stéphane Abadie ◽  
Narcisse Zahibo ◽  
Bernard Dudon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
French West Indies ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
La Palma ◽  
Cumbre Vieja ◽  
The Impact

Tsunamis are among the deadliest threats to coastal areas as reminded by the recent tragic events in the Indian Ocean in 2004 and in Japan in 2011. A large number of tropical islands are indeed exposed due to their proximity to potential tsunami sources in tectonic subduction zones. For these territories, assessing tsunamis’ impact is of major concern for early warning systems and management plans. The effectiveness of inundation predictions relies, among other things, on processes engaged at the scale of the local bathymetry and topography. As part of the project C3AF that aimed to study the consequences of climate change on the French West Indies, we used the numerical model SCHISM to simulate the propagation of several potential tsunamis as well as their impacts on the Guadeloupe islands (French West Indies). Working from the findings of the most recent studies, we used the simulations of four scenarios of collapse of the Cumbre Vieja volcano in La Palma, Canary islands. We then used FUNWAVE-TVD to simulate trans-Atlantic wave propagation until they reached the Guadeloupe archipelago where we used SCHISM to assess their final impact. Inundation is quantified for the whole archipelago and detailed for the most exposed areas. Finally, in a climate change perspective, inundation is compared for different sea levels and degrees of vegetation cover deterioration using modified friction coefficients. We then discuss the results showing that climate change-related factors would amplify the impact more in the case of smaller inundation along with model limitations and assumptions.

Temporal evolution of 3He/4He isotopic ratio at Dos Aguas cold mineral spring, La Palma, Canary Islands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleazar Padrón ◽  
Nemesio M. Pérez ◽  
Gladys V. Melián ◽  
Hirochika Sumino ◽  
Mar Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Magma Reservoir ◽  
Maximum Magnitude ◽  
Mineral Spring ◽  
La Palma ◽  
Seismic Swarms ◽  
Cumbre Vieja ◽  
Canarian Archipelago

<p>Recent volcanic activity of La Palma island, the fifth in extension (706 km<sup>2</sup>) and the second in elevation (2,423 m a.s.l.) of the Canarian archipelago, has taken place exclusively in the last 123 ka at the southern part of the island, where Cumbre Vieja volcano, the most active basaltic volcano in the Canaries, has been constructed. A total of seven volcanic eruptions have been reported along the main north-south rift zone of Cumbre Vieja in the last 500 years. On October 7<sup>th</sup> and 13rd, 2017, two remarkable seismic swarms interrupted a seismic silence of 46 years in Cumbre Vieja volcano with earthquakes located beneath Cumbre Vieja volcano at depths ranging between 14 and 28 km with a maximum magnitude of 2.7. Five more seismic swarms were registered in 2020.</p><p><sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He ratio has been monitored at Dos Aguas cold mineral spring in La Palma Island since 1991 to date as an important volcano monitoring tool able to provide early warning signal of future volcanic unrest episodes. Magmatic helium emission studies have demonstrated to be sensitive and excellent precursors of magmatic processes occurring at depth. The highest <sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He ratio reported to date from the Canarian archipelago has been measured at Dos Aguas: 10.24 R<sub>A</sub> (being R<sub>A </sub>the ratio in atmospheric helium) (Padrón et al., 2015). This value is higher than any value found either in the lavas or terrestrial fluid in the Canary Islands, and indicates an important mantle contribution.<sup>  </sup>According to the temporal evolution of the magmatic component of helium at Dos Aguas, we suggest the occurrence of aseismic magma rising episodes beneath La Palma within the upper mantle towards an ephemeral magma reservoir in the period 2007-2017. However, in the period 2017-2020, magma rising have produced seismic swarms that were accompanied also by the highest <sup>3</sup>He/<sup>4</sup>He ratio measured at Dos Aguas (10.42 R<sub>A</sub>); both geochemical and geophysical signals confirm an upward magma migration towards a subcrustal magma reservoir beneath La Palma island.</p><p> </p><p>Padrón et al., (2015). Bull Volcanol 77:28. DOI 10.1007/s00445-015-0914-2</p>

scholarly journals Cumbre Vieja Volcano-Potential collapse and tsunami at La Palma, Canary Islands

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (17) ◽  
pp. 3397-3400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven N. Ward ◽  
Simon Day
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
La Palma ◽  
Cumbre Vieja
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